In Japan, late-night anime (深夜アニメ, shin'ya anime) refers to anime series broadcast on television late at night, to the wee hours of the morning, usually between 10 p.m. and 4 a.m. JST.

Overview

Late-night anime is targeted towards Otaku from teens to adult audiences. One of the purposes of late-night broadcasting is to promote physical media like DVDs (which is replaced by Blu-rays today), and associated merchandise that are planned for release in the future. Other than original stories, anime are based on manga, novels, or video games. The genres that tend to be preferred by anime fans include romantic comedies, slice of life stories, action, or sci-fi, but there are exceptions. Most series are broadcast for 3 to 6 months with 12 to 13 episodes per each 3-month block. With the exception of NTV programs, few titles have longer than these broadcast times.

In most cases, a production committee (a group of several related companies) purchases a timeslot from a TV station. This process is known as brokered programming and is similar to how infomercials are broadcast. Therefore, unlike ordinary programs, production companies are sponsoring companies as well. This way, TV stations can fill the timeslots with low viewership, while production companies can advertise their products (such as physical media) at a lower cost. Since a production’s purpose is to promote the title to fans, low ratings or a lack of sponsors are of little concern, and this results in the consequence of an increase in late-night anime. The fact that they rely on the sales of physical media means that anime is virtually the same as OVAs, except that they get a chance to be promoted. This is why "pure" OVA series have decreased rapidly.

Differences between TV and DVD versions

When a late-night anime is released on video or DVD, it tends to have the contents altered or expanded, such as:

  • Improved animation quality
  • Uncensored scenes
  • Completely new videos added, such as side stories or epilogues

Extras, like commentaries by the cast or production staff, may also be added.

Such alteration often happens for television series, but this tendency is especially prominent for late-night anime, because:

  • Production companies may not have enough time, or a large enough budget, to make a higher quality series in time for television transmission.
  • They often may want to include sexual or violent content that are restricted for broadcast on television.
  • They have to add value for the physical media release, since they mainly rely on sales.

Broadcast area

As of July 2006, there are 67 late-night titles being broadcast, out of 95 total anime titles. This number includes broadcasts by satellite and UHF stations as well. However, not all are broadcast nationwide. Tokyo, for instance, has 49 late-night anime series being broadcast. In Okinawa, only three of them are on the air.

In many cases, the title is broadcast only in the area of the station producing the anime (which, in most cases, is Tokyo). In other cases, they are only broadcast in Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya. UHF anime tends to be broadcast in Osaka, Nagoya, and the Kantō regions, but not in Tokyo. There are some titles that are broadcast nationwide, but such cases are the exception, not the rule. In other areas, variety shows with local talents are often popular, making the airing of anime difficult. This is especially the case in Hokkaidō, where Yo Oizumi and his program are extremely popular.

If a household has access to CS satellite or cable television, the situation becomes a little better, because anime-oriented pay-per-view CS satellite stations such as Kids Station, Animax, or AT-X broadcast many of those titles. However, their broadcasts are often weeks or months behind the first run. Moreover, satellite and cable television are not as common in Japan when compared to the United States.

However, this situation is changing thanks to the increase of households which can watch BS satellite broadcasting. In November 2011, about 72 percent of Japanese can watch principal BS satellite broadcasting without charge such as BS11, BS-TBS, BS Fuji and BS TV Tokyo.[1] As a result, the number of UHF anime broadcast on BS11 has increased, and by 2012, broadcasts most late-night anime being less than eight days behind the first run. As to major network stations, since 2001, BS-TBS (previously called BS-i) has broadcast most of TBS's anime, though it did not broadcast K-On!!, which was broadcast by all JNN terrestrial broadcasting stations, and from 2006 to 2012, BS Fuji had broadcast most of Fuji TV's late-night anime. However, in 2013, BS Fuji stopped broadcasting Fuji TV's late-night anime, and BS Japan (now known as BS TV Tokyo, a subsidiary of TV Tokyo) seldom broadcasts TV Tokyo's anime.

Characteristics of Broadcasting Format

For a comprehensive overview of the current broadcasting trends for both independent and major stations in the Kanto region (which encompasses the Tokyo metropolitan area), including terrestrial broadcasts, please refer to the upcoming section. If you're interested in the status of late-night anime on private BS broadcasting, you can find the relevant information in the "Situation of Late-Night Anime in Private BS Broadcasting" section.

Typically, the broadcast duration for these anime series spans one "cour" (equivalent to 3 months and featuring 10-13 episodes), mirroring the approach taken by key stations in the Tokyo metropolitan area for their television dramas. In some exceptional cases, this timeframe may be extended to two "cours" (equivalent to 6 months and featuring 23-26 episodes) at the maximum. Only a very limited number of series are broadcast continuously for three or more "cour" periods, as exemplified by series such as Karakuri Circus. It's important to recognize the emerging trend of splitting broadcasting periods in advance (also known commonly as "Part 2" for split-"cour" shows), as exemplified by series such as Spy × Family.

Late-night anime, in contrast to traditional TV anime that airs predominantly during the daytime and evening on nationwide networks, is primarily broadcast during each station's local programming slots. As a result, the broadcast dates and times for the same series can vary significantly depending on the broadcasting station. Since the latter half of the 2010s, there have been instances where late-night anime was simultaneously broadcast nationwide. Prior to this, there was a notable case of NANA being broadcast as a one-time nationwide simultaneous late-night anime on NNS.

Broadcasting of Late-Night Anime Outside the National Network

Late-night anime broadcasts that are not part of the national network primarily air in the Three Major Metropolitan Areas (Kanto, Kinki, Chukyo) or the Five Major Metropolitan Areas (which includes Hokkaido and Fukuoka Prefecture, as well as adjacent Saga Prefecture, where only one private station is present). In other regions, the history of late-night anime broadcasting is limited. This is often due to the composition of broadcasting stations being determined by the production committee's intentions. Outside of the target areas, stations purchase and broadcast programs through program sales. However, some broadcasting stations outside the Three Major and Five Major Metropolitan Areas actively air late-night anime, including content from independent stations. Additionally, if a work is set in a specific region of Japan, it may be broadcast as a one-time event on the local station of that region.

Since late-night anime is broadcast during non-peak hours,[3] around 2009, achieving a rating of 2.0% or higher was considered a "passing grade,"[4] while 4.0% or higher was deemed "high viewership."[6][7][8][9][10] In the 2020s, with the increasing popularity of internet streaming, ratings in the 2% range are also reported as indicative of high viewership.[11]

In line with late-night programs other than anime, there is a growing trend to designate unique program labels (trademarks). Some labels are used across all network stations, such as Fuji TV's noitaminA and MBS's Super Animeism. This practice is not confined to terrestrial broadcasts and can extend to reruns on specialty channels and internet streaming.

History

The earliest late-night anime titles include Sennin Buraku (1963–1964), Lemon Angel Project (1987), and Super Zugan (1992). All of them were broadcast on Fuji TV. Sennin Buraku was from the longest running manga ever, still published in an adult magazine called Weekly Asahi Geinō. Lemon Angel was an adult anime that is a spin-off of the adult OVA Cream Lemon. Super Zugan was from a manga about mahjong. Those titles received some attention, however, remained as single experimental programs.

The title considered to be the true pioneer of late-night anime is Those Who Hunt Elves (1996) on TV Tokyo. At the time, several late-night radio talk shows hosted by various voice actors were popular. As a genre, those programs were called "aniraji", the abbreviation of anime and rajio (radio). TV producers thought that if anime-related radio programs on late night can be popular, then anime television programs on late night should work too. The result turned out as they wished. Because of this, TV Tokyo continued their late-night timeslots. In 1997, the time slots were expanded, and they became the basis of the late-night anime that is known today. At the time, following the immense success of Neon Genesis Evangelion, the number of anime productions rapidly increased, with many of those titles coming to late-night slots. Nippon TV also started their late-night anime with Berserk.

In 1998, Fuji TV restarted their late-night anime. At the same time, BS satellite station WOWOW started their block with the complete version of Cowboy Bebop which had been incompletely broadcast in TV Tokyo's evening timeslot.

The first UHF late-night anime, Legend of Basara, started that year as well. However, the true rise of UHF anime came with Comic Party (2001). In 2001, BS Digital station BS-i began their time slot with Mahoromatic, making the anime one of its holy grail contents.

In 2002, Fuji TV increased the number of programs that they broadcast. However, they did not value the otherwise filler programs with nearly zero ratings. As a result, schedules of their late-night anime became extremely unstable. For instance, when a program was on the air at 2:25 A.M., it was on the air at 1:55 A.M the next week. The program would not broadcast the week after, and two episodes were shown at 3:05 A.M in the following week. One such extreme case was Kanon, for which they broadcast the last three episodes in a marathon. Anime fans heavily criticized this attitude, and production companies began to avoid broadcasting on Fuji TV. Since then, the number of late-night anime has decreased, and it completely disappeared in October 2004. However, from April 2005, Fuji TV released a new anime programming block: noitaminA, which is aimed for a young adult female audience, who otherwise would not watch anime. However, non-noitaminA anime, such as Mushishi, still do not get a proper screening.

Late-night anime with adults as the target demographic has caused a rise in sales of anime shows to television stations in Japan in recent years. This type of anime is less popular outside Japan, being considered "more of a niche product".[12]

Current tendencies of the major nationwide networks

NHK General, NHK Educational
NHK is the only public broadcasting station in Japan. They do not usually broadcast late-night anime on weekdays, except for re-runs.
The main station (NHK G) broadcasts late-night anime on Saturday nights, while its sister station (NHK E) broadcasts anime on weekend evenings due to the station's demographic, which is aimed at children.
NNS and affiliates: NTV, ytv
They mainly show anime designed for non-otaku audiences, but the titles still appeal to anime fans as well. Also, they aired titles with many episodes, such as Monster or later episodes of Hunter × Hunter.
Their current anime programming broadcasts are as follows:
  • ytv - Exclusively airs on Monday nights under the MANPA block
  • NTV - Exclusively airs on Tuesday nights under the AnichU block
All affiliate stations broadcasts on weekend evenings (for shows such as My Hero Academia) and Saturday nights, with the newest anime programming block broadcasting on Friday nights under the Friday Anime Night block (from October 2023, with Frieren: Beyond Journey's End).
ANN: TV Asahi, ABC
They used to rarely air late-night anime such as From the New World and Yuri on Ice.
However, they have restarted airing late-night anime since 2020, and currently broadcasts on Saturday nights under the NUMAnimation block (from April 2020, with Sing "Yesterday" for Me), followed by the ANiMAZiNG!!! block (from October 2020, with Iwa-Kakeru! Climbing Girls).
JNN: TBS, MBS
It is notable that some of the titles they produce are not broadcast on TBS, but on BS-TBS (a satellite channel affiliated to TBS) or on UHF stations.
Their current anime programming broadcasts are as follows:
  • TBS - Exclusively airs on Thursday nights under the Animerico block, though it has since been abolished (from October 2021, with Platinum End) while retaining its timeslot.
  • MBS - Exclusively airs on Tuesday nights under the Anime Special Zone block, as well as on Saturday nights under the Anime Shower block (with such examples being the first two seasons of Attack on Titan and Blood Blockade Battlefront). Shows will usually have been aired on Tokyo MX days prior (for Anime Special Zone) or just before it airs on MBS (for Anime Shower).
All affiliate stations broadcasts on Friday nights under the Animeism programming blocks, consisting of the regular Animeism block, the expanded Super Animeism block since July 2019 (with Fire Force), with the upcoming newest expansion of the Super Animeism TURBO block from April 2024 onwards (with Wind Breaker) that broadcasts on Thursday nights. The newest anime programming block broadcasts on Sunday evenings under the revitalized Nichi-5 block (from October 2022, with Mobile Suit Gundam: The Witch from Mercury).
TXN: TV Tokyo
TV Tokyo always had to explore programs for niche audiences. Such genres include financial news, travel, samurai fiction, outdoors, pets, and anime. Among major network stations, more than half of the anime titles are broadcast on this channel. As such, their late-night anime usually aired on Sunday to Tuesday, Friday and sometimes Thursday nights, which are abundant with wide varieties.
Their current anime programming broadcasts on Monday to Wednesday nights under the Anime Zone block, which started in October 2021. In addition, they continue to air late-night anime on Fridays and Saturdays, and occasionally airs on Sundays.
FNS and affiliates: Fuji TV
They used to broadcast anime on Friday nights (one such example is Assassination Classroom).
Their current anime programming broadcasts on Wednesday nights under the +Ultra block, as well as Thursday nights under the noitaminA block.
JAITS: Tokyo MX
Amongst all major nationwide networks, they tend to broadcast the most late-night anime, simply due to the network's low coverage with independent stations.
Their Anime no Me block used to air on Monday nights (alongside ytv and BS11), but it is no longer active.
Their current anime productions are as follows:
  • Kadokawa - Usually airs on all nights (except Saturday nights), though sometimes on Thursday nights.
  • NBCUniversal - Usually airs on Monday, Thursday, and Saturday nights.
  • Pony Canyon - Usually airs on Wednesday to Sunday nights.
  • Kyoto Animation - Exclusively airs on Wednesday nights, if there are shows produced by the studio.
  • Shochiku - Occasionally airs on Thursday nights.
  • TOHO Animation - Occasionally airs on Thursday nights. They used to usually air on Sunday nights (one such example is Mushoku Tensei: Jobless Reincarnation) which is now no longer the case.
  • Avex Pictures - Usually airs on Thursday nights, and occasionally on Saturday nights (under the HIAN/Rhythm Zone brand). However, with shows recently shifting to TV Tokyo, Thursday nights are no longer reserved.
  • Aniplex - Usually airs on Friday and Saturday nights. In addition, they also air on Wednesday nights, which is usually for re-broadcasts of past shows, but will occasionally be for new shows.
  • Warner Bros. - Occasionally (usually in the past) airs on Friday nights.
  • King Records - Usually airs on Saturday nights and sometimes on Monday.
  • Bandai Namco Arts - Occasionally (usually in the past) airs on Sunday nights.
Production companies that occasionally/rarely get mentioned: DMM Pictures, FuRyu, Movic, Nikkatsu, Sony Pictures, Toei Video

Censorship

Japanese TV stations do not have a clear detailed system of parental guidelines.[13] The only clear rule is that, except in the case of a pre-pubescent boy, they cannot show sexual organs. However, they do have many tacit understandings of self-restriction. Bare breasts, for example, are difficult to broadcast on prime time.

TV Tokyo once broadcast radical programs such as Evangelion during the evening. However, in 1997, they had "Pokémon-shock", the incident that caused many children to feel ill by watching the Pokémon episode that contained many flashing lights. After the incident, TV Tokyo's self-restriction codes became much stricter. Now, TV Tokyo and Fuji TV are said to be extremely strict on sexual descriptions. Naked bodies are censored, and female underwear is censored as well. Even when a female character with a mini-skirt jumps, her skirt does not whip. The censorship on VHFs has become one of the primary reasons of the rise of UHF anime.

Self-Censorship of Content

In Japan, late-night programs have a history of including what are often referred to as "adult" programs, and until the early 1990s, it was not uncommon to see nudity depicted on television. However, late-night anime has adhered to strict self-censorship from its inception. As mentioned in the overview, self-censorship applied to television broadcasts can be lifted for video releases, and some anime productions have utilized this as a means to boost video sales.

A significant turning point occurred with TV Tokyo's strict content regulation policy after the Pokémon Shock incident in 1997. In 2002, when they aired Figure 17: Tsubasa & Hikaru, which featured a non-erotic bath scene involving a female character of elementary school age, it led to substantial content edits, despite its non-erotic nature and importance to the storyline. This incident sparked controversy. From the 2010s onwards, there has been a shift in this approach, with works like Trinity Seven and Chainsaw Man minimizing regulation for fanservice and violent scenes.

Fuji TV, initially more lenient in the early days of late-night anime, altered its policy after broadcasting the first season of Girls Bravo in 2004, which contained a significant amount of fanservice. For the second season, they shifted the broadcast to WOWOW and classified it as equivalent to an "R-15 rating." The video release also bore an R-15 rating. Notably, after the establishment of "noitaminA", regulations eased once again, allowing works with more explicit content, such as Scum's Wish and The Idaten Deities Know Only Peace, to be broadcast.

TBS typically takes a strict stance on self-censorship. For example, in Princess Resurrection, they altered the setting and removed almost all depictions of blood, although these changes were made with the author's consent. In contrast, one of TBS's affiliate stations, MBS, has a more lenient approach towards violent content, as seen in BLOOD-C. When MBS-produced works are aired on TBS, additional regulation is generally not applied.

However, akin to TV Tokyo, since the 2020s, independent stations such as Tokyo MX, have broadcast some late-night anime works with fanservice, such as How Not to Summon a Demon Lord.

On the other hand, TV Asahi, which had relatively lenient content regulation policies in the past, adopted stricter self-censorship after establishing the "NUMAnimation" block. For instance, in Apocalypse Zero, scenes with fanservice that were present in the source material were removed.

Outside Japan

Late-night animation is also distributed worldwide, but a lot of titles do not make it into the airwaves and are only available in DVD, Blu-ray or legal Internet streaming releases such as Crunchyroll and HIDIVE. Animated series which aired late at night in Japan, may be aired at more convenient times in other countries, be it on free-to-air or paid channels such as Anime Network or Animax.

In the United States, Cartoon Network relaunched their Toonami block as a part of its night-time programming block Adult Swim on May 26, 2012 — which continues as a late-night Saturday anime action block from its forerunner, Midnight Run. The Toonami relaunch on Adult Swim was itself a rebranding of Adult Swim Action, which was also a late-night Saturday block that primarily ran action anime, albeit with a much shorter block schedule that would typically be around three to seven hours long on average since 2015.

Some mainstream titles which are aired either at daytime or prime time in Japan may end up in late-night slots overseas due to stricter local television regulation. Examples include popular titles such as Bleach and Fullmetal Alchemist which were aired in the evenings in Japan, but at late night in the United States. In Hong Kong, Dragon Ball Z was deemed as "mature" and aired in the weekend midnight slot, although it was considered appropriate for young viewers elsewhere in the world including Japan, the Philippines, and the U.S. Due to the controversial nature of Death Note, Philippine animation channel Hero aired it near midnight, and only on weekends, with no rerun schedules. They use the same scheme when they started airing censored versions of titles with ecchi, like Date A Live and The Fruit of Grisaia.

Rise of UHF anime

In Kantō region including Tokyo, the major nationwide network stations broadcast on analog on the VHF channels. The "independent" stations established to provide prefecture-specific programming broadcast on the UHF channels. They are members of the Japanese Association of Independent Television Stations. In Osaka, the situation is similar with exception of TV Osaka (note that all the Japanese terrestrial television has switched to UHF digital).

However, because these UHF stations are obscure, they do not have strong restrictions. Also, their time slots were much cheaper than those of VHF stations. Avoiding strict restrictions by a nationwide television network, and avoiding random scheduling by Fuji TV, many anime, especially those with a lot of fan service, began to be broadcast on UHF stations. This even more obscure method still proved to be fairly effective, and UHF anime time slots continued to expand, especially from 2001 onward. In 2006, if UHF stations are to be treated as one network (which they are not), it now broadcasts the largest number of late-night anime (16), even more than TV Tokyo (8). However, many shows suffer from lower budgets compared with VHF shows.

Because of loose self-restriction codes, many of the titles contain sexual or violent expression that is impossible to broadcast on VHF stations. Examples include Rizelmine and Elfen Lied (エルフェンリート, Erufen Rīto) (the latter title, however, was still heavily edited). Nevertheless, as UHF anime continue to expand, they recently have more varieties. Shōjo titles such as We Were There (僕等がいた, Bokura ga Ita) are now also broadcast. Princess Tutu (プリンセスチュチュ, Purinsesu Chuchu), a show which can be watched by young children, is a UHF late-night anime, too. As The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya (涼宮ハルヒの憂鬱, Suzumiya Haruhi no Yūutsu) became a huge hit, UHF late-night anime has lost the description of "the cheapest, but the most obscure option".

Similar tendencies can be seen in other channels as well, such as WOWOW, BS-TBS, and CS channels on SkyPerfecTV!. It is notable that AT-X, a pay-channel on SkyPerfecTV!, broadcast Elfen Lied unedited. It is on WOWOW and BS-i, as well as other CS channels, that the rest of Asia who can receive their signal gets a view of these UHF anime.

Production Troubles and Their Impact

The production of the 7th episode (which corresponds to "EPISODE 8," including unaired episodes) faced delays and was not delivered to Fuji TV on the originally scheduled date of May 28, 2003, at 4:00 PM. In reality, it was delivered the following day at 12:35 AM. Consequently, the station decided to rerun the previous week's episode.[14]
After broadcasting up to episode 20, the series faced a timeslot change due to the transition to a new broadcasting season and was subsequently canceled. Later, it was aired in its entirety on anime specialty channels such as Animax.
Due to a tight production schedule, the main broadcast of the series was concluded after the 23rd episode. The remaining two episodes were broadcast approximately four months later in special programming.[15]
A similar case occurred with Eureka Seven AO, produced by the same network.[16]
The series was initially scheduled to air on TBS and BS-TBS in October 2017,[17] but on September 22, it was announced that the broadcast was postponed until April 2018 due to production-related reasons.[18]
In response, TBS aired Love, Chunibyo & Other Delusions, while BS-TBS aired its second season, "Love, Chunibyo & Other Delusions -Heart Throb-," respectively.[19] This series was aired as a late-night anime by independent stations, in which TBS and BS-TBS marked its first broadcast.
Since the Spring season of 2020, the production of late-night anime has been affected by the outbreak and spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, numerous disruptions in production schedules have impacted broadcast schedules, leading to reruns and delays in the start of new seasons.

See also

References

  1. ↑ BSデジタル放送視聴可能世帯の割合は72・3%＝BSデジタル民放6社が「BS世帯普及率調査 Archived 2013-03-11 at the Wayback Machine 連合通信.com (in Japanese)
  2. ↑ "Nippon TV Advertising Guide TV CM Consideration Edition Occupation Rate". Nippon Television Network. Retrieved 2015-03-23.
  3. ↑ the standard overall viewership rate on weekdays is approximately 33% at midnight (about half of prime time), and around 12% at 2 AM.[2]
  4. ↑ "Feature: "K-On!" Kyoto's music store becomes a "sacred place"? Theme song records historic hit". MANTANWEB. Mainichi Shimbun Digital. 2009-06-26. Archived from the original on 2010-04-26. Retrieved 2011-08-08.
  5. ↑ "Nippon TV Advertising Guide TV CM Consideration Edition Occupation Rate". Nippon Television Network. Retrieved 2015-03-23.
  6. ↑ the standard overall viewership rate on weekdays is approximately 33% at midnight (about half of prime time), and around 12% at 2 AM.[5]
  7. ↑ Kazuhito Itoi (2010-02-22). "Fuji Television's "Noitamina" expands to a one-hour slot! "Noitamina Lineup AR Press Conference" held". Mycom Journal. Mainichi Communications. Retrieved 2011-08-09.
  8. ↑ Shoji Ichihara (2007-02-01). "Late-night anime slot "Noitamina" doing well on Fuji TV". Yomiuri Shimbun. Yomiuri Shimbun. Archived from the original on 2007-02-03. Retrieved 2011-08-09.
  9. ↑ ""Nodame Cantabile Paris Chapter" records 6.6%, highest viewership rating for late-night anime". Narinari.com. 2008-12-05. Retrieved 2011-08-09.
  10. ↑ "Episode 6 of 'Angel Beats!' records high viewership rating on MBS!". Dengeki Online. ASCII Media Works. 2010-05-10. Retrieved 2011-08-09.
  11. ↑ "EDENS ZERO: Strong Ratings, Ranks 2nd in Spring Anime Even in Late-Night Broadcasts". MANTANWEB. 5 June 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-23.
  12. ↑ Kobayashi, Akira (September 5, 2016). "Movie version of Osamu Tezuka's 'Black Jack' coming to China". Nikkei Asian Review. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  13. ↑ "Japan's Anime Broadcast Ethics Complaints for October 2011". Crunchyroll. Crunchyroll.com. 2011-11-19. Archived from the original on 2021-08-13. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
  14. ↑ Jun Fukuda (2003-05-30). "Fuji Late-Night Anime Faces Delays, Reruns the Previous Episode as a Sign of the Harsh Conditions in the Industry". Yomiuri Shimbun. Yomiuri Shimbun Company. Archived from the original on 2003-06-04. Retrieved 2011-08-08.
  15. ↑ Official Guidebook Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion R2 The Complete P62-63 published by Kadokawa Group Publishing.
  16. ↑ "Eureka Seven AO" Final Episode Air Date Announced! TBS on November 19 (Monday), CBC on November 21 (Wednesday), MBS on November 22 (Thursday) in Late-Night Double Episodes! Animate Times, October 23, 2012, accessed January 25, 2018.
  17. ↑ "9anime". Animate Times. 2017-07-19. Retrieved 2017-07-30.
  18. ↑ "Regarding the Postponement of the TV Anime "Dances with the Dragons"". Official Website of the TV Anime "Dances with the Dragons". TBS Television. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  19. ↑ "Love, Chunibyo & Other Delusions" to Air on TBS and "Love, Chunibyo & Other Delusions -Heart Throb-" on BS-TBS! (Official Website of "Love, Chunibyo & Other Delusions," accessed on September 30, 2017)

Further reading

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.