Kvirike III the Great
კვირიკე III დიდი
Coin of Kvirike III, arabographycal type without Georgian letters.[1]
King of Kakheti and Hereti
Reign1010 – 1037
PredecessorDavid
SuccessorGagik
Died1037/39
DynastyArevmaneli
ReligionEastern Orthodox Church

Kvirike III the Great (Georgian: კვირიკე III დიდი, Kvirike III Didi) (died 1037/39) was a ruler of Kakheti and Hereti in eastern Georgia from 1010 (effectively from 1014) to 1037 or 1039.

Reign

Kvirike succeeded upon the death of his father David as a prince and chorepiscopus of Kakheti, but the Bagratid king Bagrat III of Georgia captured him and conquered Kakheti. Following Bagrat's death in 1014, Kvirike was able to recover the crown, took control of the neighboring kingdom of Hereti and declared himself King of Kakheti and Hereti. He made Telavi his capital and constructed a palace at Bodoji near Tianeti. Under Kvirike III, the kingdom experienced a period of political power and prosperity. In 1027, Kvirike joined the combined armies of Bagrat IV of Georgia led by Liparit Orbeliani and Ivane Abazasdze, Emir Jaffar of Tiflis, and the Armenian King David I of Lorri against the Shaddadid emir of Arran, Fadhl II, who was decisively defeated at the Eklez River. Around 1029, Kvirike III defeated an invasion force led by the Alan king Urdure who had crossed the Caucasus Mountains into Kakheti and ravaged Tianeti. Urdure was killed in battle.[2] At the zenith of his power and prestige, Kvirike was assassinated while hunting in 1037/39. According to the Georgian historian Vakhushti, this was done by Kvirike's Alan slave who sought to avenge for the death of King Urdure. On Kvirike’s death, Kakheti was temporarily annexed to the Kingdom of Georgia.[3][4]

Coins

Two series of silver coins of mixed Christian-Islamic design stuck under Kvirike III were found in 2012 and 2013 at Çuxur Qəbələ in Azerbaijan and Sisian in Armenia. The coins bear the name of Kvirike in Arabic (as Abu-l'Fadl Quriqi b. Da'ud), the Islamic symbol of faith (shahada), and the names of Abbasid caliphs — Al-Qadir (r. 991–1031) and Al-Qa'im (r. 1031–1075) — on the obverse, an indication of Kvirike's acceptance, at least nominally, of the Abbasid suzerainty as a means to fend off the Bagratid expansionism. The usage of Arabic script, common Arabic monetary protocol, and Muslim symbol of faith (shahada) on his coins did not mean Kvirike III's adherence to Islam.[5] The reverse of the coins contains the image of a horseman identified in the Georgian asomtavruli letters as St. George defeating Diocletian, the earliest known monetary depictions of the saint.[6]

References

  1. ↑ [A. В. Акопян, А. Р. Варданян. Монеты Квирике III, царя Кахети и Эрети. В сб.: Семнадцатая Всероссийская нумизматическая конференция. Москва. Пущино. 22-26 апреля 2013. Тезисы сообщений и докладов. М.: Триумф принт, 2013. С. 43–44.] https://www.academia.edu/3931227/Coins_of_Kvirike_III_king_of_Kakheti_and_Hereti
  2. ↑ Kvachantiradze, Eka (2012). "Urdure" (PDF). Caucasus in Georgian Sources: Foreign States, Tribes, Historical Figures. Encyclopedical Dictionary. Tbilisi: Favorite. p. 376. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-20.
  3. ↑ Toumanoff, Cyrille (1976, Rome). Manuel de Généalogie et de Chronologie pour le Caucase chrétien (Arménie, Géorgie, Albanie).
  4. ↑ Вахушти Багратиони."Вахушти Багратиони. История царства грузинского. Возникновение и жизнь Кахети и Эрети. Ч.1". Archived from the original on September 5, 2010. Retrieved June 29, 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  5. ↑ "Язык и письмо монет христианско-мусульманского пограничья Кавказа IX-XIII вв. [Language and Script of the Coins From the Christian-Islamic Frontiers of Caucasus in 9th-13th cc.; in Russian]". www.academia.edu. Retrieved 2016-06-14.
  6. ↑ Akopyan, A. V.; Vardanyan, A. R. (2013). "[Монеты Квирике III, царя Кахети и Эрети [Coins of Kvirike III, king of Kaxet'i and Heret'i]]". In Shiryakov, I. V. (ed.). Семнадцатая Всероссийская нумизматическая конференция, Москва, Пущино, 22–26 апреля 2013 года: тезисы докладов и сообщений [The 17th All-Russian Numismatic Conference, Moscow, Pushchino, 22–26 April 2013: abstracts] (in Russian). Moscow: Triumf Print. pp. 43–44. ISBN 978-5-905055-05-8.
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