Kukkuzi
RegionIngria
Native speakers
3, possibly extinct (2006)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3–

Kukkuzi dialect or Kukkusi dialect (Rus: Куровицы) is a dialect of Votic spoken in Kukkuzi[2] the Kukkuzi dialect has been heavily influenced by Ingrian.[3]

There exists a recording session of the Kukkuzi dialect, which was made in 2008–2012.[4] A Kukkuzi dialect dictionary has been made in 1980.[5] The Kukkuzi dialect has been declared to be dead since the 1970s,[2] however three existing speakers have been located in 2006.[1]

Classification

According to E.B. Markus the Kukkuzi dialect has Izhorian like vocabulary and phonetics, while containing Votic grammar which is a result of an incomplete language switch to Izhorian.[6] However some linguists have claimed it rather as a dialect of Ingrian[7] and some classify it as a mixed language[8] In the past Kukkuzi has also sometimes been classified as a Finnish dialect.[9]

According to Tiit-Rein Viitso, the Kukkuzi dialect was originally a Northern Finnic dialect (related to Finnish, Ingrian, Karelian and Veps) that was influenced by Votic and later the Lower Luga dialect of Ingrian.[10][11]

Features

  • The sound õ exists in Votic but is absent in the Kukkuzi dialect.[12]
  • Some other features of the Kukkuzi dialect are the absence of the sound changes k > tš and s > ťś.[13]
  • The sound k sometimes becomes k' after a front vowel.[14]

Samples

tässä müü vassa ensimmäissä kertaa kuulimma, että müü oomma neitä vad'd'alaisiita.[13]

'here we just for the first time heard, that we are Votians.'

lehmääk'ää 'with a cow'[14]

References

  1. 1 2 Kuznetsova, Natalia; Markus, Elena; Muslimov, Mehmet (2015), "Finnic Minorities of Ingria", Cultural and Linguistic Minorities in the Russian Federation and the European Union, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 127–167, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10455-3_6, ISBN 978-3-319-10454-6, retrieved 2021-06-19
  2. 1 2 Kuusk, Margit; Heinsoo, Heinike (2011). "Neo-Renaissance and revitalization of Votic – who cares?". Eesti ja Soome-Ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri. 2: 171–184. doi:10.12697/jeful.2011.2.1.11.
  3. ↑ "Vađđamaa".
  4. ↑ FEDOR, ROZHANSKIY (2019). "A new resource for Finnic languages: The outcomes of the Ingrian documentation project" – via University of Tartu. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ↑ "Vatjan kielen Kukkosin murteen sanakirja · Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura".
  6. ↑ Рожанский, Маркус (2013). "О статусе нижнелужского диалекта ижорского языка среди родственных идиомов" (PDF). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. ↑ Jokipii, Mauno: "Itämerensuomalaiset, Heimokansojen historiaa ja kohtaloita". Jyväskylä: Atena kustannus Oy, 1995. ISBN 951-9362-80-0 (in Finnish)
  8. ↑ Markus, Elena. "The development of a mixed language in the multilingual environment (evidence from the Kukkuzi dialect)". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ↑ Heinsoo, Heinike (4 January 1991). "Vatjan kielen tutkimisesta ja nykytilanteesta". Virittäjä. 95 (4): 448.
  10. ↑ Viitso, Tiit-Rein (1998). "Fennic". In Abondolo, Daniel (ed.). The Uralic Languages.
  11. ↑ Kallio, Petri (20 December 2021). "The Position of Leivu". Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics. 12 (2): 123–143.
  12. ↑ Pajusalu, Karl. Phonological Innovations of the Southern Finnic Languages1. University of Tartu.
  13. 1 2 Heinsoo, Heinike (1991-01-04). "Vatjan kielen tutkimisesta ja nykytilanteesta". Virittäjä (in Finnish). 95 (4): 448. ISSN 2242-8828.
  14. 1 2 Ossi., Kokko (2007). Inkerinsuomen pirstaleisuus : eräiden sijojen kehitys murteen yksilöllistymisen kuvastajana. Joensuun yliopisto. ISBN 978-952-219-012-3. OCLC 226041097.
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