K111 Jeep
Iranian K116 Jeeps
Type¼ ton truck
Place of originSouth Korea
Service history
WarsIran–Iraq War
Production history
DesignerAgency for Defense Development
Asia Motors
Designed1976–1978
ManufacturerAsia Motors
Produced1978–1997
Specifications
EngineMVA-2000
Transmission4-speed manual
Suspensionprogressive spring

The K111 "Jeep" is an ¼ ton utility truck developed by Asia Motors (now Kia Motors) for the Republic of Korea Armed Forces in 1978.[1] It is commonly known as military Jeep, and its design is based on M606 Jeep.[2]

Development

In 1974, the United States had a plan to stop supplying military vehicles to South Korea. The Republic of Korea Armed Forces continued to negotiate with the U.S., but it was not an avoidable conclusion. South Korean military was operating various types of military Jeeps such as M38, M151, M606, and J601. In 1975, the Ministry of Defense of South Korea made a judgement that operational capability rate of these vehicles will start dropping in 1976 as the vehicles get older and will have difficulties receiving parts for each variants. Therefore, South Korean government used the situation as an opportunity to grow domestic production of military vehicles rather than relying on foreign vehicles.[3]

On 24 April 1976, the Cabinet approved the "Domestic Production Plan for Military Vehicles (군용차량 국내생산 방안)" by the order of the President Park Chung Hee, and it was passed by the military council on 26 August. The plan was authorized on 28 September, and the Agency for Defense Development and Asia Motors were given 2 years to complete the project.[2]

The Armed Forces demanded the vehicle to be based on the M606 Jeep with increase of power supply from 12V to 24V. The M606 was chosen because of compatibility of parts with Mitsubishi J601 Jeep, and both models were operated by the military. In addition, the M606 had excellent performance, simple structure, long lasting durability, and was easy to drive.[2]

Firstly, developers disassembled a J601, and drew blueprints for each part with modifications. Then the development team placed an order to Fuji Ironworks to create a molding for the prototype. Most parts were produced by Asia Motors while parts for transmission and differential gearbox were produced by Kanda Ironworks.[4] Through this process total of four prototypes were assembled: one domestic design, two J601 design, and a CJ-5 style. On 23 May 1977, these vehicles were presented at the Army Headquarters, but the military refused all and gave a new task to create a new style. The final appearance, created by Asia Motors and a Japanese stylist, was approved on 29 December.[2]

Meanwhile, Asia Motors invited two professionals named Watanabe and Obayashi from technical partnership company Mazda to participate in vehicle testing. The first test was to off-roading for five days everywhere in the Korean peninsula. The test showed that the vehicle had about 40 problems, including the occasional breakdown of the MVA-2000, a militarized variant of VA-2000 engine. After three months of fix, engineers realized that the vertical installation of the engine caused failure of oil supply to the engine, thus overheating it. The engine was then leaned 30 degrees like civilian version to solve the issue. Other modifications include adding a muffler to reduce noise, changing the suspension from leaf spring to newly developed progressive spring, and better seats and cushions.[4]

The upgraded prototypes were tested for 10,000 km driving in 90 days from February 1978, and 10,000 km more in 45 days from 5 June. Another tests were done between 2 March to 15 June for driving 112 days under the U.S. standard requirement, which included driving 3,120 km on paved road, 23,040 km on unpaved road, 3,840 km on off-roads. During the obstacle courses test, the vehicle slammed 70 cm tall obstacle at 60 km/h, resulting injury to a tester on passenger seat because he was not wearing seatbelt; the vehicle received damage on axle housing, thus was modified to withstand such impact.[4]

After completing the tests, the vehicle was sent to Japan for further testing prior to mass production, and received "acceptable" from the partner company Mazda.[5]

Service history

Iran

Variants

  • K111 ¼ ton Jeep (1978)[6]
  • K112 TOW ammunition carrier (1980)[6]
  • K113 TOW launcher vehicle (1980)[6]
  • K115 ambulance (1980)[6]
  • K116 106 mm recoilless rifle (1980)[6]
  • K117 searchlight vehicle (1982)[6]
  • KARV-1 autonomous vehicle (1992): An autonomous test vehicle. Installed computer, two cameras, two ultrasonic sensor, and one infrared sensor to the K111 for limited autonomous driving.[7][8]

Users

References

  1. ↑ 오, 원철 (1996-05-20). 한국형 경제건설 4 (in Korean). 기아경제연구소. ISBN 9788986658071.
  2. 1 2 3 4 오, 원철. "산업전략군단사 (173)". plus.hankyung.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-09-18.
  3. ↑ 오, 원철. "Copy of 산업전략군단사 (171)". Navy Field.
  4. 1 2 3 오, 원철. "Copy of 산업전략군단사 (174)". Navy Field.
  5. ↑ 오, 원철. "Copy of 산업전략군단사 (175)". Navy Field.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "개발이력│기아 특수차량 사이트". special.kia.com. Retrieved 2023-09-13.
  7. ↑ "아카이브조선 소사". focus.history.chosun.com. Retrieved 2023-09-13.
  8. ↑ "무인자동차 '카브1호' 시운전". n.news.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-09-13.
  9. ↑ "군용차수출 제2황금기 구가". NAVER Newslibrary. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
  10. ↑ https://special.kia.com/kmvs/media/MilitaryVehicle28.pdf
  11. ↑ https://www.autotribune.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=9237
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