John George Robinson CBE, (30 July 1856 – 7 December 1943) was an English railway engineer, and was chief mechanical engineer of the Great Central Railway from 1900 to 1922.
Early life
Born at Newcastle upon Tyne, the second son of Matthew Robinson, a locomotive engineer, and his wife Jane, Robinson was educated at the Chester Grammar School, and in 1872 commenced an engineering apprenticeship with the Great Western Railway at Swindon Works, as a pupil of Joseph Armstrong. In 1878 he became assistant to his father Matthew Robinson at Bristol, and in 1884 joined the Waterford and Limerick Railway (which became the Waterford, Limerick and Western Railway in 1896[1]) as their locomotive, carriage and wagon assistant superintendent. He was promoted to superintendent the following year.
Great Central Railway
A Robinson-designed GCR Class 8K 2-8-0 heavy freight locomotive, built in 1912, in service at Langwith Junction shed on 7 August 1960
In 1900 Robinson joined the Great Central Railway as locomotive and marine superintendent[2] and in 1902 was appointed chief mechanical engineer. He remained in that post until 1922, when prior to the Great Central's grouping into the London and North Eastern Railway he declined the post of chief mechanical engineer of the LNER, choosing instead to step aside for the younger Nigel Gresley. Robinson was awarded a CBE in 1920.
Robinson's first passenger locomotive design for the GCR was Class 11B (LNER Class D9) 4-4-0, of which 40 were built between 1901 and 1904, the last being withdrawn by British Railways in 1950.[3] Robinson followed in 1913 with the larger Class 11E (LNER D10) "Director" Class 4-4-0 locomotive, which was used on GCR express trains from London Marylebone to Sheffield Victoria and Manchester London Road. Ten were built, followed by eleven "Improved Director" (GCR Class 11F, LNER Class D11) locomotives during 1920–1924.[3]
Robinson's famous GCR Class 8K 2-8-0 heavy freight locomotive was introduced in 1911 and many more were built for the Railway Operating Division of the Royal Engineers in 1917. Some of these reliable locomotives, of which over 400 were built, remained in service with the LNER and later British Railways until 1966.[4]
Locomotive classes credited to Robinson
Waterford and Limerick Railway
| Year | Type | Nos. | GSWR Class | GSWR Nos. | GSR Class | Inchicore Class | Withdrawn | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1888–93 | 0-6-0 | WLR 5 to 7 | 224 | 224 to 226 | — | — | 1905–1909 | [5] |
| 1889–94 | 2-4-0 | WLR 10, 22, 20, 23, 43, 44, 47, and 48 | 276 | 263, 275, 273, 276, 290 to 293 | 276 | G3 | 1907–1959 | |
| 1891 | 2-4-2T | WLR 13 and 14 | 266 | 226 and 227 | 267 491 | F4 F5 | 1933–1935 | 226 sold to CMDR 6 in 1913; to GSR 491 in 1925 |
| 1892 | 0-4-2T | WLR 3 | 260 | 260 | — | — | 1912 | |
| 1893 | 0-6-0 | WLR 45, 46, 49, and 50 | 233 | 233 to 236 | 235 | J22 | 1911–1951 | |
| 1894 | 0-4-4T | WLR 15 | 268 | 268 | — | — | 1912 | |
| 1895 | 0-4-4T | WLR 51 and 52 | 294 | 294 and 295 | 295 | E2 | 1910–1954 | |
| 1896–97 | 4-4-2T | WLWR 16 to 18, and 21 | 269 | 269 to 271, 274 | 269 | C5 | 1949–1957 | |
| 1896–97 | 4-4-0 | WLWR 53 to 55 | 296 | 296 to 298 | 296 | D15 | 1928–1949 | |
| 1897 | 0-6-0 | WLWR 56 to 58 | 237 | 237 to 239 | 222 | J25 | 1934–1951 | |
| 1899 | 0-4-4T | WLWR 27 | 279 | 279 | 279 | E1 | 1953 | |
| 1900 | 0-6-0 | WLWR 2, 4, 11 | 222 | 222 | 222 | J25 | 1929–1950 | 4 and 11 sold before delivery to MGWR 141 and 142 |
| Introduced | Wheel Arrangement | Purpose | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1889 | 2-4-0 | Express Passenger | [6] |
| 1891 | 2-4-2T | Passenger Tank | for Limerick and Tralee line, 2 in class[6] |
| 1895 | 0-4-4T | Tank Engine | for Limerick, Ennis and Tuam Line, 2 in class[7] |
| 1896 | 4-4-2T | Tank Engine | 4 in class[7] |
| 1896 | 4-4-0 | Express Passenger | for Waterford to Limerick boat trains, 3 in class[8] |
| 1899 | 0-6-0 | Standard Goods Engine | 8 in class[8] |
Great Central Railway
| Introduced | Wheel Arrangement | GCR Class | LNER Class | Purpose | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 0-6-0 | 9J | J11 | Goods Engine | "Pom-poms"[9][10] |
| 1901 | 4-4-0 | 11B | D9 | Express Passenger | [9][11][12] |
| 1902 | 4-6-0 | 8 | B5 | Express Goods | "Fish Engines"[13][14] |
| 1902 | 0-8-0 | 8A | Q4 | Heavy Goods | "Tinies"[15][16][17] |
| 1903 | 4-4-2 | 8B | C4 | Express Passenger | two-cylinder 'simple' "Atlantics", the "Jersey Lillies"[18][19][20] |
| 1903 | 4-6-0 | 8C | B1 (B18 from 1943) | Express Passenger | [21][22] |
| 1903 | 4-4-2T | 9K | C13 | Suburban Passenger | [23][24] |
| 1905-06 | 4-4-2 | 8D | C5 | Express Passenger | 3-cylinder 'compound' "Atlantic"[25][26] |
| 1906 | 4-4-2 | 8E | C5 | Express Passenger | 8D with modified frames[26] |
| 1906 | 0-6-0T | 5A | J63 | Dock Tank | [27][28] |
| 1906 | 4-6-0 | 8F | B4 | Express Passenger and Goods | "Imminghams"[29][30] |
| 1906 | 4-6-0 | 8G | B9 | Express Goods | [31][32] |
| 1907 | 4-4-0 | 11C | D9 | Express Passenger | Large-boiler rebuild of two 11Bs[11][33] |
| 1907 | 4-4-2T | 9L | C14 | Suburban Passenger | [23][34][35] |
| 1907 | 0-8-4T | 8H | S1 | Hump Shunting Tank for Wath Yard | "Daisies"[17][36][37] |
| 1908 | 4-4-2 | 8J | - | Express Passenger | 3-cylinder 'simple' "Atlantic" rebuilt from 8B, 'de-rebuilt' 1922[26] |
| 1909 | 4-4-0 | 11D | D9 | Express Passenger | Large-boiler piston-valve rebuild of an 11B[11][33] |
| 1911 | 4-6-2T | 9N | A5 | Suburban Passenger Tank | "Coronation Tank"[38][39] |
| 1911 | 2-8-0 | 8K | O4 | Heavy Goods | "R.O.D."[40][41] |
| 1912 | 4-6-0 | 1 | B2 (B19 from 1945) | Express Passenger | "Sir Sam Fay"[42][43] |
| 1913 | 4-6-0 | 1A | B8 | Express Goods | "Glenalmonds"[44][45] |
| 1913 | 4-4-0 | 11E | D10 | Express Passenger | "Directors"[46][47] |
| 1914 | 2-6-4T | 1B | L1 (L3 from 1945) | Heavy Goods Tank | [48][49] |
| 1917 | 4-6-0 | 9P | B3 | Express Passenger | "Faringdon" 4-cylinder[50][51] |
| 1918 | 2-8-0 | 8M | O5 | Heavy Goods | large-boilered 8K[41][52] |
| 1918 | 4-6-0 | 8N | B6 | Fast Mixed Traffic | [53][54] |
| 1919 | 4-4-0 | 11F | D11 | Express Passenger | "Improved Director"[53][55] |
| 1921 | 4-6-0 | 9Q | B7 | Fast Mixed Traffic | "Black Pig" 4-cylinder[56][57] |
Preserved Robinson locomotives
Robinson GCR Class 11F 4-4-0 No. 506 Butler–Henderson on display at the National Railway Museum, York, in 2004
Two Robinson-designed locomotives are preserved in the UK:
- 4-4-0 Improved Director GCR Class 11F No. 506 Butler–Henderson (Later BR No. 62660), which is preserved at the National Railway Museum, York, and currently on display at Barrow Hill Roundhouse, near Chesterfield, Derbyshire
- 2-8-0 GCR Class 8K No. 102 (Later BR No. 63601), also owned by the National Railway Museum is on loan to the Great Central Railway (preserved) at Loughborough. It is currently (2008) operational and used on demonstration goods trains.
Three Robinson-designed locomotives are preserved in Australia
- 2-8-0 ROD ROD 1984 (later J & A Brown No. 20) preserved by the Dorrigo Steam Railway and Museum
- 2-8-0 ROD ROD 2003 (later J & A Brown No. 24) this loco was actually built by the GCR at Gorton Works and is preserved by the Dorrigo Steam Railway and Museum
- 2-8-0 ROD ROD 2004 (later J & A Brown No. 23) this loco was actually built by the GCR at Gorton Works and is preserved by the Richmond Vale Railway Museum
References
- Notes
- ↑ Jackson 1996, p. 7
- ↑ Dow 1969, p. 7
- 1 2 Casserley 1974, p. 22
- ↑ Casserley 1974, p. 78
- ↑ Haresnape & Rowledge 1982, pp. 17–27
- 1 2 Hancox 1995, p. 5
- 1 2 Hancox 1995, p. 6
- 1 2 Hancox 1995, p. 7
- 1 2 Hancox 1995, p. 8
- ↑ Fry 1966, p. 63
- 1 2 3 Boddy et al. 1981, p. 62
- ↑ Smith 1993, p. 4
- ↑ Hancox 1995, p. 11
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1975, p. 29
- ↑ Hancox 1995, p. 10
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1984, p. 18
- 1 2 Russell 1997, p. 5
- ↑ Hancox 1995, p. 12
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1979, p. 66
- ↑ Aves 2002, p. 4
- ↑ Hancox 1995, p. 14
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1975, p. 6
- 1 2 Aves 2000, p. 8
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1984, p. 31
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1979, p. 83
- 1 2 3 Aves 2002, p. 7
- ↑ Hancox 1995, p. 16
- ↑ Allen et al. 1970, p. 66
- ↑ Hancox 1995, p. 25
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1975, p. 24
- ↑ Hancox 1995, p. 26
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1975, p. 46
- 1 2 Smith 1993, p. 5
- ↑ Hancox 1995, p. 15
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1984, p. 35
- ↑ Hancox 1995, p. 27
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1977, p. 22
- ↑ Hancox 1995, p. 28
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1984, p. 4
- ↑ Hancox 1995, p. 29
- 1 2 Boddy et al. 1983, p. 33
- ↑ Hancox 1995, p. 30
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1975, pp. 10–11
- ↑ Hancox 1995, p. 31
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1975, p. 43
- ↑ Hancox 1995, p. 32
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1981, p. 76
- ↑ Hancox 1995, p. 33
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1977, p. 4
- ↑ Hancox 1995, p. 34
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1975, p. 16
- ↑ Hancox 1995, p. 35
- 1 2 Hancox 1995, p. 36
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1975, p. 35
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1981, p. 84
- ↑ Hancox 1995, p. 38
- ↑ Boddy et al. 1975, p. 37
- Bibliography
- Allen, D. W.; Boddy, M. G.; Brown, W. A.; Fry, E. V.; Hennigan, W.; Manners, F.; Neve, E.; Proud, P.; Roundthwaite, T. E.; Tee, D. F.; Yeadon, W. B. (November 1970), Fry, E. V. (ed.), Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., part 8A: Tank Engines - Classes J50 to J70, Kenilworth: RCTS, ISBN 0-901115-05-3
- Aves, W.A.T. (March–April 2000), Locomotives Illustrated 130: The Great Central 2-4-2, 4-4-2 & 0-6-2 Tank Engines, Ashford, Kent: RAS Publishing, ISSN 0307-1804
- Aves, W.A.T. (September–October 2002), Locomotives Illustrated 145: Robinson Great Central Railway Atlantics, Ashford, Kent: RAS Publishing, ISSN 0307-1804
- Boddy, M. G.; Brown, W. A.; Fry, E. V.; Hennigan, W.; Hoole, Ken; Manners, F.; Neve, E.; Platt, E. N. T.; Proud, P.; Yeadon, W. B. (March 1975), Fry, E. V. (ed.), Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Part 2B: Tender Engines—Classes B1 to B19, Lincoln: RCTS, ISBN 0-901115-73-8
- Boddy, M. G.; Brown, W. A.; Fry, E. V.; Hennigan, W.; Hoole, Ken; Manners, F.; Neve, E.; Platt, E. N. T.; Russell, O.; Yeadon, W. B. (November 1979), Fry, E. V. (ed.), Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Part 3A: Tender Engines—Classes C1 to C11, Kenilworth: RCTS, ISBN 0-901115-45-2
- Boddy, M. G.; Brown, W. A.; Hennigan, W.; Neve, E.; Platt, E. N. T.; Russell, O.; Yeadon, W. B. (January 1981), Fry, E. V. (ed.), Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Part 3B: Tender Engines—Classes D1 to D12, Kenilworth: RCTS, ISBN 0-901115-46-0
- Boddy, M.G.; Brown, W.A.; Neve, E.; Yeadon, W.B. (November 1983), Fry, E.V. (ed.), Part 6B: Tender Engines - Classes O1 to P2, Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Kenilworth: RCTS, ISBN 0-901115-54-1
- Boddy, M. G.; Brown, W. A.; Hennigan, W.; Hoole, Ken; Neve, E.; Yeadon, W. B. (September 1984), Fry, E. V. (ed.), Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Part 6C: Tender Engines—Classes Q1 to Y10, Kenilworth: RCTS, ISBN 0-901115-55-X
- Boddy, M. G.; Brown, W. A.; Fry, E. V.; Hennigan, W.; Hoole, Ken; Manners, F.; Neve, E.; Platt, E. N. T.; Proud, P.; Yeadon, W. B. (March 1977), Fry, E. V. (ed.), Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Part 9A: Tank Engines—Classes L1 to N19, Kenilworth: RCTS, ISBN 0-901115-40-1
- Boddy, M. G.; Brown, W. A.; Fry, E. V.; Hennigan, W.; Hoole, Ken; Manners, F.; Neve, E.; Platt, E. N. T.; Proud, P.; Yeadon, W. B. (June 1977), Fry, E. V. (ed.), Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Part 9B: Tank Engines—Classes Q1 to Z5, Kenilworth: RCTS, ISBN 0-901115-41-X
- Casserley, H.C. (1974), Locomotives at the Grouping - 2 - London & North Eastern Railway, Ian Allan Limited, ISBN 0-7110-0553-2
- Dow, George (1969), Great Central Album, Ian Allan Limited, ISBN 0-7110-0070-0
- Fry, E.V., ed. (September 1966), Part 5: Tender Engines - Classes J1 to J37, Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Kenilworth: RCTS, ISBN 0-901115-12-6
- Fry, E.V., ed. (April 1964), Part 7: Tank Engines - Classes A5 to H2, Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Kenilworth: RCTS, ISBN 0-901115-13-4
- Hancox, A.C. (1995), The Harmonious Blacksmith Robinson, The Stephenson Locomotive Society, ISBN 0-903881-03-9
- Haresnape, Brian; Rowledge, Peter (1982), Robinson Locomotives, a pictorial history, Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Limited, ISBN 0-7110-1151-6
- Jackson, David (1996), J.G. Robinson: A Lifetime's Work, Headington: Oakwood Press, ISBN 0-85361-497-0, OL98
- Russell, Patrick (March–April 1997), Locomotives Illustrated 112: Robinson Eight-coupled Locomotives, Worcester Park, Surrey: RAS Publishing, ISSN 0307-1804
- Smith, Martin (July–August 1993), Locomotives Illustrated 90: The Robinson Great Central 4-4-0s, Worcester Park, Surrey: RAS Publishing, ISSN 0307-1804
- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Robinson, John George by George W. Carpenter
External links
- Robinson 2-8-0
- John G. Robinson at www.lner.info
- http://www.steamindex.com/people/robinson.htm
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