Johann Cloppenburg[1] (1592 – 1652) was a Dutch Calvinist theologian. He is known as a controversialist, and as a contributor to federal theology. He also made some detailed comments on the moral status of financial and banking transactions.[2]

Johann Cloppenburg, 1644 engraving by Cornelis van Dalen.

Life

He was born in Amsterdam, and studied at the University of Leiden, where he made a lifelong friendship with Gisbertus Voetius.[3] With Voetius he opposed the appointment of Conrad Vorstius at Leiden, after the death of Jacobus Arminius.[4] He then spent a period studying and travelling abroad.[3] One journey in 1615 took him from Saumur to Basel, with a manuscript of Philippe de Mornay based on the Pugio Fidei of Ramón Martí.[5] In Germany he visited Herborn, Marburg and Heidelberg.[6]

Cloppenburg returned to the Netherlands in 1616 as a preacher at Aalburg.[3] A Gomarist, he took part in a disputation against Remonstrants at Bleiswijk.[7] He went to support Voetius at Heusden, who since 1617 had faced opposition from the Remonstrant Johannes Grevius.[8] He was a preacher at Amsterdam from 1621 to 1626, when he clashed with the local authorities over an Arminian merchant. He then moved on to Brielle.[9]

Cloppenburg was appointed professor at the University of Harderwijk in 1641.[10] There he quarrelled with his colleague Antonius Deusing in 1643; and left the following year.[11] He moved to the University of Franeker in the province of Fryslan, where Johannes Cocceius had arrived shortly before. Together they developed federal theology.[12][13]

Works

De foenore et usuris brevis institutio, 1640
  • Gangraena theologiae Anabaptisticae, first Dutch version 1625 with subtitle Cancker van de leere der weder-dooperen.[14] A Latin version was published in 1645. It was cited by Robert Baillie and William Prynne, and possible influenced the Gangraena (1646) of Thomas Edwards.[15] There was a further Latin edition (1656). Friedrich Spanheim supplied the appendix Diatriba historica de origine, progressu et sectis anabaptistarum.[16]
  • Trou-hertinge Aenwysinge van theologische Redenen (1627)
  • Trouhertige vermaninge (1629)
  • Kort begrijp van der Leere der Socinianer (1630). A Dutch work against the Socinians, it appeared with a Dutch translation of a work of Fausto Sozzini, the De officio hominis Christiani.[17] It was later republished (Kort begrijp van de opkomste ende leere der Socinianen) as part of the Latin Compendiolum Socinianismi Confutatum (1652). It also included writings of the Polish Socinians Krzysztof Ostorodt and Andrzej Wojdowski, confiscated at the end of the 16th century.[18]
  • Epistola ad virum Cl. D. Ludovicum de Dieu, qua expenditur controversia inter Baronium et Casaubonum (1634). Based on correspondence between Cloppenburg and Louis de Dieu at Leiden, it dealt with exegetical questions, and formed the basis of a contribution to the Critici Sacri.[19]
Title page from Kort begrijp van de opkomste ende leere der Socinianen (1652).
  • Sacrificiorum patriachalium Schola cum Spicilegio (1637)
  • Christelijcke onderwijsinge van woecker, interessen, coop van renten (1637)[20]
  • De foenore et usuris, brevis institutio: cum ejusdem epistola ad Cl. Salmasium (in Latin). Leiden: Bonaventura Elzevier et Abraham Elzevier. 1640. A response to his one-time friend Salmasius, in the controversy over usury, delayed by the printers.[21]
  • Vindiciae pro deitate spiritus sancti, adversus Pneumatomachum, Johan. Bidellum, Anglum (1652); a reply to the first book of John Biddle, which Cloppenburg had been shown on a visit to Bristol.[22]
  • Anti-Smalcius, de divinitate Jesu Christi (1652). This work against Valentinus Smalcius arose as one of many dissertations from Cloppenburg's Hungarian students at Franeker.[23]
  • Exercitationes super locos communes theologicos (1653)[24]
  • Syntagma selectarum exercitationum theologicarum (1655).

His Theologica opera omnia were published in 1684;[25] the editor Johannes à Marck was his grandson.[26]

Notes

  1. ↑ Also Cloppenburgh, Cloppenburch.
  2. ↑ Neil De Marchi; Mary S. Morgan (1 November 1994). Higgling: Transactors and Their Markets in the History of Economics. Duke University Press. pp. 56–7. ISBN 978-0-8223-1530-8. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  3. 1 2 3 GAMEO page, Cloppenburch, Johannes.
  4. ↑ Peter T. Van Rooden (1989). Theology, Biblical Scholarship, and Rabbinical Studies in the Seventeenth Century: Constantijn L'Empereur (1591-1648), Professor of Hebrew and Theology at Leiden. BRILL. p. 22. ISBN 978-90-04-09035-4. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  5. ↑ Stephen G. Burnett (1996). From Christian Hebraism to Jewish Studies: Johannes Buxtorf (1564-1629) and Hebrew Learning in the Seventeenth Century. BRILL. p. 96. ISBN 978-90-04-10346-7. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  6. ↑ Carl Joseph Bouginé (1790). Handbuch der allgemeinen Litteraturgeschichte nach Heumanns Grundriß (in German). Orell. p. 519. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  7. ↑ Barbara Sher Tinsley (2001). Pierre Bayle's Reformation: Conscience and Criticism on the Eve of the Enlightenment. Susquehanna University Press. pp. 338–. ISBN 978-1-57591-043-7. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  8. ↑ Andreas J. Beck (2007). Gisbertus Voetius(1589-1676): Sein Theologieverständnis und seine Gotteslehre (in German). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 43. ISBN 978-3-525-55100-4. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  9. ↑ W. J. Van Asselt (2001). The Federal Theology of Johannes Cocceius (1603-1669). BRILL. p. 25 note 5. ISBN 978-90-04-11998-7. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  10. ↑ Tjitze Baarda (1978). Miscellanea Neotestamentica: Studia Ad Novum Testamentum Praesertim Pertinentia a Sociis Sodalicii Batavi C.n. Studiosorum Novi Testamenti Conventus Anno MCMLXXVI Quintum Lustrum Feliciter Complentis Suscepta. BRILL. p. 109 note 12. ISBN 978-90-04-05685-5. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  11. ↑ "Deusing, Drijfhout, Oosten de Bruyn". Archived from the original on 2011-01-03. Retrieved 2012-09-02.
  12. ↑ W. J. Van Asselt (2001). The Federal Theology of Johannes Cocceius (1603-1669). BRILL. p. 28. ISBN 978-90-04-11998-7. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  13. ↑ Horst Robert Balz (1983). Theologische Realenzyklopädie (in German). Walter de Gruyter. p. 250. ISBN 978-3-11-008577-8. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  14. ↑ Johannes Cloppenburch (1625). Gangraena theologiae anabaptisticae, dat is: Cancker van de leere der weder-dooperen. voor Hans Walschaert. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  15. ↑ David Loewenstein; John Marshall (21 December 2006). Heresy, Literature and Politics in Early Modern English Culture. Cambridge University Press. p. 156 note 6. ISBN 978-0-521-82076-9. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  16. ↑ Michael Heyd (1995). Be Sober and Reasonable: The Critique of Enthusiasm in the Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Centuries. BRILL. p. 288. ISBN 978-90-04-10118-0. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  17. ↑ The Decline of Hell. Taylor & Francis. p. 83. GGKEY:RCHNJY3C1EC. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  18. ↑ Koenraad Oege Meinsma (1983). Spinoza et son Cercle: étude critique historique sur les hétérodoxes hollandais (in French). Vrin. p. 93. ISBN 978-2-7116-8246-1. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  19. ↑ Tjitze Baarda (1978). Miscellanea Neotestamentica: Studia Ad Novum Testamentum Praesertim Pertinentia a Sociis Sodalicii Batavi C.n. Studiosorum Novi Testamenti Conventus Anno MCMLXXVI Quintum Lustrum Feliciter Complentis Suscepta. BRILL. pp. 106–7. ISBN 978-90-04-05685-5. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  20. ↑ Johannes Cloppenburg (1637). Christelijcke onderwijsinge van woecker, interessen, coop van renten ...: waer inne aen Godts H. Woordt ghetoetst werden de keyserlijcke ende de pausselijcke rechten ende de daghelijckse prackijcke der Christenen ... Theunis Jacobsz. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  21. ↑ Sociologie critique et critique de la sociologie. Librairie Droz. 1976. p. 9. ISBN 978-2-600-04194-2. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  22. ↑ Anthony à Wood; Philip Bliss (1817). Athenae Oxonienses: An Exact History of All the Writers and Bishops who Have Had Their Education in the University of Oxford : to which are Added the Fasti Or Annals of the Said University. Rivington. p. 596. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  23. ↑ Péter Eredics (9 September 2008). Ungarische Studenten und Ihre Übersetzungen Aus Dem Niederländischen Ins Ungarische in Der Frühen Neuzeit. Peter Lang. p. 38 note 94. ISBN 978-3-631-57520-8. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  24. ↑ Johannes Cloppenburg (1653). J. Cloppenburg exercitationes super locos communes theologicos. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  25. ↑ Johannes Cloppenburch (1684). Theologica opera omnia, nunc demum conjunctim edita, dilig. recensita cet. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  26. ↑ W. J. Van Asselt (2001). The Federal Theology of Johannes Cocceius (1603-1669). BRILL. p. 29 note 13. ISBN 978-90-04-11998-7. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
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