Birth and Ancestry

Ji Cheong-cheon was born as the youngest son of his father, Ji Jae-seon (池在善), and his mother, who was of the Gyeongju Lee clan, at 30 Samcheong-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul. His hometown was Chungju, his childhood name was Subong, and his official name was Seokgyu. His father, Ji Jae-seon, is the 31st generation descendant of Ji-gyeong (池鏡), the founder of the Chungju Ji clan. He is a descendant of Ji Yong-gi (池湧奇), who served as a scholar-chanchanseongsa of Goryeo. His family was one that produced military officers such as Ji Gye-choi (池繼催) who suppressed the rebellion of Yi Gwal (李适) in the mid-Joseon Dynasty and died heroically while fighting against Qing soldiers at Shingye (新溪) during the Byeongjahoran.

The late 1880s, around the time Ji Cheong-cheon was born, was a time when the fate of the country was very precarious, like a candle in the wind, as the invasion of Western powers and Japanese imperialism became more blatant. While the armies of world powers, including Japan, the Qing Dynasty, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Russia, were constantly strengthening their efforts to invade Joseon, the British illegal occupation of Geomun-do occurred in 1885. Domestically, it was also a time when the confrontational relationship between the enlightenment faction, which was the main force behind the Gapsin Coup, which wanted to dismantle feudal society and achieve enlightenment by accepting Western civilization, and the anti-foreign forces and feudal forces that wanted to absolutely repel the invasion of foreign powers, became acute. . In 1882, Heungseon Daewongun, the leader of the anti-foreign forces movement, was kidnapped by Qing soldiers and imprisoned in Baoding which is in Hebei Province. Additionally, socially, it was a time when the weakening of national defense was exposed as the Imo Incident broke out due to corruption within the military along with the dissolution of feudal society.

Childhood

When he was 5 years old, his father died of intestinal paralysis, and he was raised by a single mother. Ji's mother in raising never spoiled him despite him being her only son. She sometimes played the role of mother and father, and even in difficult economic conditions without a head of the family, she educated him with all her heart focusing on the three organs: intelligence, virtue, and body.

Independence Army

In 1920, Ji Cheong-cheon was in the Provisional Government in Shanghai and moved over to the Manchurian Military Government, an affiliate organization of the Provisional Government. After receiving an invitation, he moved to the Western Military Government and took office as an executive in the Western Military Government. However, after the Battle of Cheongsanri, to avoid large-scale retaliation against Koreans by the Japanese army, he closed the Shinheung Military Academy and led his troops to Gando, where he organized the Korean Independence Corps with Seo Il, Hong Beom-do, Kim Kyu-sik, and Kim Chwa-chin. After the Free City Incident in June 1921, he moved to Irkutsk, where he formed the Koryo Revolutionary Army (August 1921) with Oh Hamuk and others. → It is a separate organization from the Goryeo Revolutionary Army (May 1923), located in Jilin Province, founded by Kim Kyu-sik and Lee Beom-seok. In October of the same year, he took office as principal of the Goryeo Revolutionary Military Academy. He was arrested around April 1922 due to a conflict between the educational policy of the military academy and the regulations of the Soviet authorities, but was released through the efforts of the Provisional Government in July.

He organized the Righteous Government with Yang Gi-tak, Oh Dong-jin, and later organized the newly integrated Innovation Council. In July 1930, after Kim Chwa-Chin was assassinated, he participated in the founding of the Korean Independence Party (not the same one as Kim Ku's party), and separately created the Korean Independence Army and took office as the commander-in-chief of the independence army.

In Manchuria, they joined forces with the Chinese Tiger Army and conducted joint Korean-Chinese operations (Daejeonjaryeong, Battle of Ssangseongbo), but around May and June 1933, Ji Cheong-cheon and Lee Beom-seok led about 100 men and crossed to mainland China.^[3] He joined Kim Ku's faction in late 1933, but in 1934, Ji Cheong-cheon left the party and founded the New Korea Independence Party and went out separately.^[4]

In 1935, he participated in the National Revolutionary Party of Kim Won-bong and Kim Kyu-sik. However, after conflict with Kim Won-bong, he rebelled against Kim Won-bong's policy of appeasing and embracing left-wing careerists, so he left the party in April 1937 and founded the Joseon Revolutionary Party.

Korean Liberation Army

In the aftermath of the Sino-Japanese War in 1940, he followed the Provisional Government to Chongqing, attended the establishment ceremony of the Liberation Army in September of that year, and was appointed commander-in-chief of the Liberation Army to carry out the anti-Japanese war. Afterwards, he approved the proposal to dispatch the liberation army to India. In 1942, the Joseon Volunteer Corps led by Kim Won-bong was incorporated into the 1st Zone of the Liberation Army, and Kim Won-bong became the deputy commander of the Liberation Army and the commander of the 1st Zone, but acted independently, and the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Zones of the Liberation Army also worked independently, each expanding the power of their own faction. Because they focused only on the military, Ji Cheong-cheon was the nominal commander, but had difficulty leading them.

In 1944, after he received a report from Chang Chun-ha, who had served in the Chinese army and then defected to the Liberation army, that Kim Won-bong was using a trick to encourage distrust of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea and the Liberation Army among Koreans who had served in the Japanese army, he personally inspected the Liberation army.^[5]

As the tyranny of some members of the Liberation Army continued, Kim Won-bong tried to take advantage of it.^[6] Distrust of the Provisional Government and the Liberation Army was exerted on units from the Japanese military.^[7] On October 7, 1945, Chongqing's Liberation army commander Li Cheong-cheon came to Shanghai, but the Japanese military units refused to inspect Commander Lee Cheong-cheon. Chang Chun-ha and others began discussing this issue by personally visiting a certain officer among them.^[8] Later, Jang Jun-ha said of him, 'Discussions began, but in reality, it was a conciliation operation.^[9] Chang Chun-ha and others reported Kim Won-bong's plan to Lee Cheong-cheon. On the other hand, he also informed the deserters from the Japanese army and gave them information on Hwang Mo and Lee So-min, the people in charge who acted as their agents, to discredit them.^[10] The persuasion was effective and Lee Cheong-cheon was inspected in person.^[11]

In April 1946, the following year after Liberation in 1945, he returned to Korea as an individual and hoped to rebuild the Liberation Army, but was unable to do so due to opposition from the U.S. military government and founded the Daedong Youth Corps.

After liberation

He returned to Korea through Gimpo Airport on April 22, 1946. On his return to Korea, Syngman Rhee, Kim Ku, Kim Kyu-sik, Franziska Donner, and Lee Beom-seok personally came to meet him.

When Ji returned to Korea, Syngman Rhee recommended him to form a youth group. In September 1946, Ji integrated 26 youth organizations into the Daedong Youth Group. He expanded and reorganized the Daedong Youth Group, a right-wing youth group, and took office as its leader. When Ji returned to Korea, Syngman Rhee absorbed Jokcheong into the Daedong Youth Group centered around him. Afterwards, Ji served as the supreme member of the National Association for the Promotion of Independence and the president of the Korea-China Association.

From January 1948, when the theory of government establishment became divided between the theory of inter-Korean negotiations and the establishment of an independent government, he supported the theory of establishing an independent government, resigned from the Provisional Government and joined the National Association for the Promotion of Independence.

In March 1948, during the conflict between the left and the right, Kim Du-han, who was sentenced to death by the US military government for violating the proclamation, Ji along with Lee Beom-seok petitioned John Hodge for a commutation of the sentence, and launched a movement to save the life of Kim. In April 1948, he did not participate in the inter-Korean negotiations between Kim Ku and Kim Kyu-sik and left the Korea Independence Party with Sin Ik-hui and others.

In May, he ran for election in Seongdong-gu, Seoul in the May 10 Constitutional Assembly election and was elected, and on June 1, he was appointed as a member of the Constitutional Basic Committee. From June 17, he was also elected as a member of the Foreign Affairs and Defense Subcommittee of the Constituent National Assembly.

After establishment of the government

After the establishment of the government on August 15, he was appointed as the first State Council member and non-appointed minister. Afterwards, in 1949, he founded the Korea Nationalist Party, a pro-Rhee political party, with Sin Ik-hui, Louise Yim, and Yun Chi-young, and served as a member of the Supreme Council of the Korean National Party. He then left the party and moved to the Democratic National Party, where he served as a Supreme Council member of the Democratic Nationalist Party and a Supreme Council member of the Democratic National Party. On December 19, 1949, when the Korean Youth League was formed, he was appointed as the highest member of the Korean Youth League. He ran for the second National Assembly seat in 1950 and was elected. He fled from Seoul during the Korean War, but returned to Seoul after the armistice.

He ran as a vice-presidential candidate in the second vice-presidential election on May 16, 1951,^[12] but was defeated. He received 2 votes in the first nomination, and 2 votes in the second nomination.

Afterwards, he served as Chairman of the National Assembly Plenary Committee, Chairman of the National Assembly Foreign Affairs Committee, and Chairman of the National Defense Committee of the National Assembly. He joined the Liberal Party and served as a floor leader of the LiberalParty and a member of the Central Committee of the Liberal Party's Central Party. Other social activities included serving as a member of the Central Executive Committee of the Korean Red Cross, president of the Korean Soldiers' Bereaved Families Association, and supreme member of the Korean Anti-Communist Unification League.