Jesus Christians in Manchester October 2005 Clockwise from left James (Alf) Montagu, Martin Filla, Ross Parry, Roland Gianstefani (centre), Susan Gianstefani, Ufuoma Emerhor, Barry Mendez, Daniel Gianstefani

The Jesus Christians are a Christian millennialist network of intentional communities[1][2] with groups on six continents.[3]

History and controversy

They were founded in Australia in 1981 by Dave and Cherry McKay, and have a three-decade-long history of controversy documented extensively by the media.[4] Their core beliefs are based on the teachings of Jesus[5] with special emphasis on his decree from the Sermon on the Mount, that his followers "cannot serve both God and money".[6][7]

While they are often involved in volunteering and political activism[8][9] their principal activity is evangelism, which they accomplish through the distribution of self-produced comics,[10] books,[11] pamphlets, and DVDs, and via videos published on Youtube and other social media. The majority of their publications are written by their co-founder, Dave McKay.[12][13] The videos on their Youtube channel, A Voice in the Desert, were originally narrated by Dave McKay, but have since been narrated by other members of the community.

The group announced in 2010 that they had "disbanded". There was an organizational restructuring that led to the formation of independent communities, which operated under different names, which maintained an affiliation with each other and with mutual collaboration on some projects.[14] It was during this time period that some of the new communities began making YouTube videos as a way of disseminating their message.[15]

In 2011, the community in South America launched a website, called Cómo Vivir Por Fe (How To Live By Faith) featuring Spanish translations of Jesus Christian material.[16] In 2015, they started producing evangelistic videos for a Spanish-language Youtube channel of the same name.[17] As of May 2023 the Cómo Vivir Por Fe YouTube channel has over 150,000 subscribers and over 11 million accumulated views on their videos.

In February 2016, some “disbanded” Jesus Christians collaborated to produce videos for the Youtube channel, End Time Survivors.[18] Videos on the End Time Survivors Youtube channel featured anonymous presenters who faces were digitally altered[19][20] or concealed with a mask.[21] The only named presenter was “Brother Dave”[22] who voiced the commentaries from the audio visual version of the Jesus Christian’s apocalyptic novel, Survivors.[23][24] Members and non-members alike participated in narrating videos on this channel.[25][26] An accompanying website of the same name was also created in 2016.[27][15]

The Youtube channel, 'A Voice in the Desert'[28] was created in October 2016. It features sermons on a broad range of Christian topics usually delivered by Dave McKay.[29][30] As of May 2023, the A Voice in the Desert channel has over 140,000 subscribers and close to 13 million accumulated views.[31] The group, which had been limited to about 30 members worldwide, reported a dramatic increase in numbers after starting its video ministry in 2016.[23]

In 2019, the group was profiled for inclusion in the World Religions and Spirituality Project,[32] which provides independent academic insight into the group, its beliefs, and history.[33]

The history and activities of the Jesus Christians over the years have been extensively documented by both the group and the mainstream media, attracting both positive and negative attention. Some older newspaper articles were reproduced on the group's website, and where these are used below this is noted in the references.

Early days

The group was started in Melbourne, Australia by Dave and Cherry McKay when Neville Williams moved in with the McKay family in early 1981.[34] David McKay was a former associate of the Children of God but cut ties with the group following the revelation of heretical practices such as flirty fishing.[35][36] The Jesus Christians operated under several names, including Christians, The Medowie Christian Volunteers, Australian Christian Volunteers, and Voices in the Wilderness. The name 'Jesus Christians' was selected in 1996. ("A Change of Name", August, 1996)[37]

Free work

In 1983, Australian media followed members of the community who offered to do free work for one day for any family or business which requested their assistance.[38]

Money burning

In 1984, group member Boyd Ellery was sentenced to three months prison in Sydney for burning an Australian dollar note in a statement about trusting God and not money. The protest was broadcast on national television by Mike Willisee.[38]

Messages with money

In January 1985, the group glued Australian $2 notes to pavements to spell out messages against greed and money outside post offices around Victoria and New South Wales.[39][40]

Christian messages also appeared written on a claimed AUS$100,000 worth of $2 notes in Sydney. The group claimed that as a result the federal police confiscated their mail until the Council for Civil Liberties intervened.[41]

Nullarbor Walk

Nullarbor Walkers clockwise from top left: Gary McKay, Robin Dunn, Roland Gianstefani, Christine McKay, Dane Frick, Malcolm Wrest, Rachel Sukamaran

In May and June 1985, six of the youngest members of the community, 12-year-old Rachel Sukamaran, Malcolm Wrest, Roland Gianstefani, Robin Dunn, and Gary McKay, headed by 15-year-old Christine McKay, walked 1,000 miles across the Nullarbor Desert in the interior of Australia[42] without taking any money, provisions, or support vehicle for their journey, prompting controversy and media interest.[43][44] A book based on the diaries of the Nullarbor Walkers was published in 1985 by John Sands, shortly after the walk was completed.[45] An Easy English version of the diaries was later published by New Century Book House (India)[46] and Smashwords.[47]

Fall of America prophecy

In 1990, members of the group travelled to the United States to hand out 290,000 booklets entitled "The Fall of America,"[48] prophesying America's destruction. They wore T-shirts with an upside down American flag (as a symbol of distress) and the caption "Pride Goeth Before a Fall"[49]

India

In 1994, Rob and Christine Dunn, Gary, Dave and Cherry McKay, Ross Parry, Rachel Sukamaran, Malcolm Wrest, Craig, Kevin, Rols, Sue, Sinni, Liz, Boyd, Chris, Roshini, and Sheri were among Jesus Christian members who voluntarily cleaned sewers and toilets in India.[50] After one protest, where members stood in the sewer for a week to draw attention to the filth that spread disease, Craig Hendry contracted typhoid.[51]

In 1995, the Jesus Christians converted a section of open sewer in Chennai into a children's playground. The real estate created by covering the sewer was estimated to be worth AUD $950,000.[52] After one year, the project was handed over to Indian charities to run; However the Indian government eventually demolished the site because it had been built on government land without permission.

Nappy Chappies / Children of God

In April 1997 and 1998, several Jesus Christians were arrested at the Royal Easter Show in Sydney dressed as babies in over-sized nappies while distributing "The Baby Books", highlighting how Jesus said his followers need to become like children to enter into God's Kingdom. The introduction of the books stated "We are children of God"[53] which led to confusion about the group being the same as the Children of God group started by David Berg. This continuing confusion can be seen in a 2013 article which uses a photograph of the "Nappy Chappies" labelled as the Children of God.[54]

Split

In 1998, there was a split in the community. Craig and Yesamma Hendry and their family, Kevin and Elisabeth McKay, Boyd and Sheri Ellery and their family, Darren and Donna Cooke, Ray Sippel, Josh, and Tim left the community in Australia. Boyd wrote to the remaining community "The Spirit you are following is not Christ's. We will have no part of your hierarchies and fleshly importance."[55] The remaining community were "encouraged to avoid private correspondence or discussions with them..."[56]

Kyri and Berni Sheridan

In July 1999, 19-year-old Kyri Sheridan joined the Jesus Christians in the UK. His mother reported him missing to the Guildford Police in Surrey. Kyri presented himself at the Guildford police station to state that he was not actually "missing". The police confirmed Kyri was happy and making his own decision to be with the Jesus Christians. When his mother held Kyri to stop him from leaving, she was pinned down, handcuffed, and arrested by the police.[57]

2000-2010

Bobby Kelly (left) caused a British tabloid media frenzy by "disappearing" with the religious group "Jesus Christians" in June 2000 as a teenager. 17 years later Bobby poses with friends Roland and Sue Gianstefani who were convicted of contempt for refusing to reveal his whereabouts to a High Court judge.

Bobby Kelly controversy

On 14 July 2000 the group was splashed across the front page of the British tabloid Daily Express, which declared that members Susan and Roland Gianstefani had kidnapped a 16-year-old boy, Bobby Kelly.[39] Bobby had picked up a Jesus Christians cartoon book called The Liberator in Romford High Street, Essex near the end of June 2000,[58] and gone home to tell his grandmother about the Christian man he met. Bobby went out again that afternoon and returned to tell his grandmother he wanted to join the Jesus Christians. A few days later, "an Australian couple with their young son, a German, and two English men" from the group visited and met Bobby's grandmother.[59] In the first two weeks of July, while Bobby was with the group and before the scandal had hit the headlines, Bobby visited his youth worker from St. Peters Anglican Church in Harold Wood. He had previously attended that church. The youth worker, David Whitehouse, told the press a week later, "The group has a veneer of respectability, but there is something very disturbing about them. When I saw Bobby a week ago, he was with three of them, and he seemed very scared, which was unlike him".[60]

Sometime before July 14, anti-cult expert Graham Baldwin was reportedly contacted by "someone close to the family who suspected that something was wrong, and did something to try to save him". It has not been established that David Whitehouse was the person who contacted him. Baldwin worked for the charity Catalyst, which helps families of people caught up in groups with whom the family disagrees. A solicitor who "specialises in cases against cults" was hired after legal aid was acquired, and the solicitor succeeded in getting an emergency High Court action to try to "rescue the schoolboy".[59] The front page newspaper report in The Express was published two weeks after Bobby first met the Jesus Christians with the story that Bobby had "disappeared" after he met the group: "Within hours Bobby had forsaken his possessions and moved in with the group. The police were called and the airports and docks were put on the highest alert".[61] After The Express broke the story, instead of handing the boy over to the police, the Jesus Christians with Bobby "in tow", panicked and went "on the run". The UK Jesus Christians became fugitives for two weeks.

When the Jesus Christians could not be found in the nationwide search, and when Bobby started doing telephone interviews with the media declaring that he had not been kidnapped,[62][63] an emergency court ruling was made banning the broadcast of interviews with Bobby or the group, which the BBC successfully challenged.[64] Bobby was eventually located hiding out with two Jesus Christian men, including Reinhard Zeuner, in a Hampshire forest,[65] and placed in a foster home. No members of the Jesus Christians were charged with kidnapping but a charge of contempt of court (for failing to answer questions from the High Court judge) resulted in six-month sentences for Susan and Roland Gianstefani. The solicitor for the Gianstefani's told the court that the Gianstefani's feared Bobby might be subjected to the deprogramming of his religious beliefs if they had revealed his whereabouts.[66] Minutes before the Gianstefanis were due to be sentenced, Bobby, who was kept in a separate room at the High Court, sent a note to the judge through the representative of the Official Solicitor saying that the Gianstefani's had acted nobly and they feared he (Bobby) might be subjected to the deprogramming of his religious beliefs if they had revealed his whereabouts.[67] Bobby said: "I hope they don't get into trouble. They were willing to go to prison for me".[58] The Gianstefanis' sentences were suspended after Bobby had pleaded with the judge in their defence.[68]

In 2003, Jon Ronson, briefly interviewed Bobby Kelly about his alleged abduction, in his Channel 4 documentary Kidneys for Jesus.[69] Bobby clearly states, "I definitely wasn't kidnapped…" and that media coverage about the alleged kidnapping was "absolutely stupid, and silly, and just, over the top big time".[69]

In May 2010, the Jesus Christians interviewed Bobby Kelly personally. Bobby explains in detail what happened while he was visiting with the Jesus Christians, the lies that were told to his grandmother to convince her to sign over her guardianship for him to become a ward of court, and the effect the lies, and living with a foster family with restricted access to his grandmother, had on his life over the next years.[70]

In October 2017 Roland and Susan Gianstefani had a live radio interview with Bobby Kelly on a Welsh radio station where they discussed their life and the controversies they were involved in when they were a part of the Jesus Christians community.[71]

Kidney donations

Over half of the Jesus Christian members donated a kidney to people they did not know prior to agreeing to donate, thus earning them the nickname 'the kidney cult'.[72]

In January 2003, Jon Ronson's documentary called Kidneys for Jesus aired on Channel 4 in the UK. After an invitation from Dave McKay, Jon Ronson followed the group over a year as they attempted to donate their kidneys to strangers in the UK and the US. The successful donations of members Casey Crouch, Robin Dunn and Susan Gianstefani are featured.[73] The film also documents the tension that arose between Ronson and McKay during filming: McKay became increasingly concerned that Ronson was portraying the Jesus Christians in a poor light and Ronson was concerned about McKay's ideas to try to manipulate a media storm around the donations as well as his role in the decisions made by members to donate kidneys.[74]

In 2004, the group made headlines in Australia when David McKay revealed that members in Australia had lied to health authorities in order to be able to donate their kidneys.[75][76]

In June 2007, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Australian Story broadcast the first of a two-part report on Ash Falkingham's fight for his right to donate a kidney to a stranger.[77] The documentary, 'Ash's Anatomy',[78] covers the attempts of his parents to thwart his attempts to donate a kidney. The follow-up report, 'Body and Soul', broadcast in June 2008[79][80] follows Ash's continued attempt, and his final success, at donating his kidney. Ash left the community shortly after donating to work restoring bicycles for a charity.

Kenya abduction charges

Jesus Christians James Montagu and Barry Mendez campaigning outside the Kenyan High Commission in London in July 2005 for the charges against Roland and Susan Gianstefani to be dropped.

In 2005, a charge of abduction was made against Roland and Susan Gianstefani in Kenya, this time by the father of a 27-year-old single mother Betty Njoroge, who had joined the community with her 7-year-old son. The woman released a video on the group's website declaring that she and her son had not been kidnapped and that her father was responsible for the case being pursued as he wanted custody of her son.[81] Roland Gianstefani was arrested, questioned by police, and held for several days without charge until the Australian embassy insisted he be charged or released.[82] Roland and his wife Susan were charged[83] and Roland was held in a remand prison in Nairobi until 600,000 Kenyan shillings bail was paid.[84] The charges against him and Susan were dropped when Betty Njoroge appeared in court and presented an affidavit confirming she was acting of her own free will.[85] Roland contracted tuberculosis in prison and Susan, who had earlier told the media that she and her husband would never stoop to bribery,[76] not even to save their lives, claimed she had to resort to bribery to get basic amenities provided for Roland from the prison guards.[86]

Californian whipping trial

Jesus Christian, Joseph Johnson, South London, 2006

In October 2006, Jesus Christians in the United States, along with Dave and Cherry McKay, held a mock trial in Long Beach, California where they charged the parents and two brothers of one of their members, Joseph Johnson, with attempted murder and with aiding and abetting others in doing this. It followed an attack on one of their members, Reinhard Zeuner, in which he received a fractured spine, bleeding on the brain, broken teeth, and numerous cuts to the head and face. An amateur video was made of the attack[87] but the police never prosecuted the case. Although the family did not attend the trial, various sentences of 5-25 lashes of the whip were carried out on volunteers from the Jesus Christians themselves, as an attempt to illustrate their understanding of the cross of Christ. "God hates the sin, but loves the sinner", they said, in an effort to summarize what they were doing. ("The Trial")[88]

The Jeremy Kyle Show

On 11 December 2007, Dave and Cherry McKay and Roland and Susan Gianstefani were interviewed on stage as part of a two-day feature on religious cults on the UK television programme The Jeremy Kyle Show.[89] The show attempted to link the Jesus Christians with such groups as Jim Jones' People's Temple and the Children of God. Dave, Cherry, Roland, and Sue were questioned by Jeremy Kyle and opponents of David McKay. At one point, due to the nature of the questioning, Dave McKay refused to reply to any more questions and walked out of the interview, then returned to say "Just let them do their thing".

Freeganism and Wife Swap show

In February 2008, Roland, Susan, and Daniel Gianstefani were featured on the Channel 4 program Wife Swap,[90] where freegan Susan went to live with the millionaire family of an IT consultant.

Gianstefanis leave

In August 2010, long term members Roland, Susan, and Daniel Gianstefani left the community after "numerous tensions over their parenting skills". This followed "a number of community discussions", according to the Jesus Christians Newsletter.[91] Susan and Roland had been members of the group for more than twenty years.

"Disbanding"

In November 2010 the Jesus Christians announced that they had “disbanded”, though there was some confusion with regard to what that meant for the continuing organisation of members of the Jesus Christians.[92]

Following this announcement, long-term members Roland and Sue Gianstefani and Ross Parry, claimed they had been excommunicated, and later shunned, for objecting to the changes in which they believed the group was to operate.[93] Another member, Alan Wright, later claimed he was disfellowshipped from the group for refusing to sue his wife for more money in a divorce settlement.[94]

Roland and Susan Gianstefani, went on to establish their current ministry, Making It Real,[95] which is focused primarily on anti-war and human rights activism, and promoting altruistic organ donation.[96]

2011-Present

End Time Survivors and A Voice in the Desert

Paul Henry End Time Survivors - Jesus Christian, London, 2017
Paul Henry, AKA Bruce, Jesus Christian and End Time Survivor, distributes literature outside of Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, November 7, 2017

In February 2016, new and old members of the affiliated ex-Jesus Christian communities launched a Youtube channel called End Time Survivors [97] which focused on teachings about the End Times. The videos were presented by ‘anonymous’ narrators, using masks and digitally altered voices, and included both members and non-members of the affiliated communities.

An accompanying website of the same name was also launched in conjunction with the Youtube channel.[98]

In October 2016 another Youtube channel was launched, ‘A Voice in the Desert’.[99] The videos primarily featured Dave as narrator of teaching videos on topics of a more general spiritual nature. The group, which had been limited to about 30 members worldwide for decades, reported a dramatic increase in numbers after starting its video ministry in 2016.[100] As of May 2023 A Voice in the Desert channel has over 140,000 subscribers and close to 13 million accumulated views.[101]

Academic Interest

On December 7, 2017, at the annual conference of The Australian Association for the Study of Religion[102] in Sydney, Australia, Geraldine Smith[103] presented an academic paper accompanied by formal discussion about the new religious movement that Dave and Cherry McKay founded in the 1980s.[104]

In May 2019, a shortened excerpt of Geraldine Smith’s longer thesis[105] was published on the World Religions and Spirituality Project web site.[106]

Regrouping

In August 2019 ,a video was published on the Youtube channel A Voice in the Desert explaining that although the Jesus Christians had formed separate ministries in 2010, due to the influx of people wanting to be part of the movement as a result of the success of the channel, many of the teams and former members of the Jesus Christians agreed to use the Jesus Christians name to represent the wider movement.[107] Along with this announcement the Jesus Christian website,[108] which had been largely dormant for nine years, was reinstituted and now included material published on the A Voice in the Desert YouTube channel.

Also in 2019, the Jesus Christians protested the arrest of Paul Nthenge Mackenzie, leader of Good News International Ministries on the grounds of religious liberty relating to his stance against the Huduma Namba biometric ID card.[109]

Beliefs and teachings

Obedience to Jesus

Obedience, as opposed to a kind of "faith" that does not require obedience.[110]

When an individual rejects the teachings of Jesus,[111] they are in fact rejecting God.[112][113]

Living by faith (and not working for money)

God will provide the material needs of people who stop working for money,[114][115] and dedicate their lives to obeying the teachings of Jesus.[116] (21. "A Unique Teaching", circa 1996)[117][118]

Forsaking all

Jesus expects his followers to give up all their worldly wealth.[119] ("How to Be Saved")[120][121]

The secret name of Jesus - the word of God

Jesus[122] (not the Bible) is the Word of God.[123] Although holy writings may be inspired, they are all fallible.[124] ("The Word of God", Jesus Christians, August, 1995)[125][126]

The teachings of Jesus,[127][128] not religious traditions,[129] should be the basis of faith. ("We Believe in Jesus Christ", circa 2000)[130][131]

Sincerity

Sincerity as opposed to doctrinal perfection.[132][133] Non-Christians[134] can be saved on the basis of their faith in God,[135][136] even if they have never heard of Jesus.[137] This was made possible through the death of Jesus on the cross. See Inclusivism.[138]

Sincerity is more important spiritually than being theologically correct ("The Good Hindu")[139] ("In Search of Truth", November, 1986).[140]

The Mark of The Beast

The technology needed to implement the "Mark of the Beast"[141] is now in place[142][143] in the form of microchipped ID cards and subdermal RFID chips.[144][145][146]

Economic, technological and political developments[147] are all moving towards a one world government,[148] under the control of The Antichrist.

The world's population will become trapped in a global system of control[149] because they are unable to forsake their attachment to money.[150]

The return of Jesus is likely to occur soon,[151] although not until after the Great Tribulation.[152] ("Signs of the Times,[153]" June, 1986)[154][155][156]

Christians will judge the world after Jesus returns, and Jesus will reign over the world for a thousand years.[157][158]

Grievances

Resolving differences through the grievance system[159] is a very strong teaching within Jesus Christian communities[160][161] based on Matthew 18:15-17.

Living communally

Like the early Christians, the Jesus Christians do not have private ownership in their communities (Act 2:44-45, 4:32-35), but share their money and possessions.[115]

Accountability

Accountability is seen as an important part of everyday life and the responsibility of everyone.[162]

Secret piety

Based on Matthew 6:1-18, Jesus Christian members pray secretly in accordance with Jesus' teachings.[163][164] Fasting and giving to the poor is seen in the same light.[165]

Not using titles

Based on Matt 23:9 where Jesus instructs his followers to "call no man on earth Father", the Jesus Christians refuse to use all titles, including "Mr", "Sir", "Dr' and even "Mom".[166]

Pacifism and non-violence

Jesus taught "love your enemies" in Luke 6:27. The Jesus Christians teach[167] and try to practice "turning the other cheek"[168] (Matthew 5:38-40).

Celibacy/chastity

The Jesus Christians teach that it is better to remain single[169] and that sex is not allowed before marriage.[170][171]

There are spiritual advantages to remaining single; however marriage is not forbidden even though it is regarded as an inferior option to celibacy.[172][173]

No divorce and re-marriage

Jesus allows for divorce but not for remarriage. The Jesus Christians teach (based on Matt 5:31-32) that if you divorce you are to remain single.[174]

Masturbation

There is nothing sinful about masturbation. ("Wanking, the Last Taboo")[175]

Jesus Christians see masturbation as a legitimate way to release sexual tension[176] and the key to remaining celibate.[177]

Water baptism

Jesus Christians do not believe that water baptism is necessary for salvation, and that the decision to be water baptised should be determined by the individual and their conscience.[178] The Jesus Christians quote John the Baptist and Jesus in affirming that John's baptism was with water[179] but that the baptism of Jesus Christ is with the Holy Spirit (Luke 3:16, Acts 1:4-5).[180][181] They understand "The Great Commission" to mean that we "cover" or 'baptise' people with the teachings of Jesus[182][183]

The Trinity

Beliefs about the doctrine of the Trinity are of little consequence. ("Father and Son--Two for One", January, 1994)[184]

Practices

Members forsake all private ownership,[185] with the option of either handing over all of their earthly possessions to the Jesus Christian community, or giving it all to charity. ("Forsaking All", from Jesus and Money)[186][187] The group teaches that all members must have equal say in how funds are to be used. ("Power--Good or Evil",[188] and "Setting Up Your Own Community"[189])

Publications

Survivors[190] is a response to the popular Left Behind series of novels on Bible prophecy, written by Tim LaHaye and Jerry Jenkins. In its own words, Survivors attempts to include material that was left out of the LaHaye-Jenkins series. In 2006, they reported that sales for this book had exceeded one million.[191] McKay has also published a second book in the series, entitled Listening.[192] It purports to be an "equel" (sic) to Survivors, taking place during the same time period, although from another viewpoint. A third book, also set during the same time period as the first two, is entitled Destroyers.[193] It is also available on the JC website,[194] and was released in paperback form at around Christmas 2008. The story for that mostly takes place in Kenya and is told through the perspective of someone who takes the mark of the beast (Destroyers [2014 Paper back edition] Chapter 17 - "Implanted". Page 98.)[195]

As of 2009, the Jesus Christians had produced several videos, including a documentary expounding on various aspects of their lifestyle. They had also produced several music videos. Their latest videos included a documentary (The Tyrant Within)[196] about the implementation of RFID microchip implants and a video about the justice system, its effect on society and a radical Christian approach to mixing justice with mercy (Beyond Justice).[197]

Books by David McKay

  • Without Thought for Food or Clothing[198] 1985 ISBN 0-9589327-0-0 (Also available as "Walk of Faith" on www.smashwords.com).[199]
  • Bin Raiders copyright 2000[200] (also available from the Jesus Christians website)[201]
  • Armageddon for Beginners,[202] copyright 1999 ISBN 9966-755-14-4. (Also published as Not for Everyone by Anonymous ISBN 9966-755-14-4.)[203]
  • Survivors, copyright 2002 ISBN 9966-755-00-4.[204]
  • Strong Meat, copyright 2003 (Note: Articles in the book are contained in the section of the same name, on the Jesus Christian website.)[205]
  • Listening, copyright 2008 ISBN 9966-755-40-3.[206]
  • Destroyers, copyright 2008 ISBN 9966-755-42-X.[207]

Jesus Christian pamphlets

  • Jeremiah's Lament – A modern paraphrase of the Book of Jeremiah.[208]
  • Christian...but not religious![209]
  • Radical Christian Truths. ISBN 9966-755-15-2[210]
  • Churchianity vs Christianity.[211]

References

  1. ↑ A Voice in the Desert: A Teachings of Jesus Movement (Part 1), retrieved 2020-05-11
  2. ↑ How to Live by Faith: Coming Together Like the First Christians, retrieved 2020-05-11
  3. ↑ Smith, Geraldine. "Voices in the Wilderness: An Ethnography of Endtime Survivors - Introduction". jesuschristians.com. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  4. ↑ "Jesus Christians - Official Website - MEDIA". jesuschristians.com. Retrieved 2020-05-12.
  5. ↑ "Our Mission". jesuschristians.com. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  6. ↑ Jesus or Money, archived from the original on 2021-12-22, retrieved 2020-05-11
  7. ↑ "You Cannot Serve Three Masters". jesuschristians.com. Retrieved 2020-05-12.
  8. ↑ Sydney Morning Herald. "Big Fines The Last Straw for Rappville Christians in Sydney". jesuschristians.com. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  9. ↑ "Dave McKay's The Worst of Woomera - part 1". www.safecom.org.au. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  10. ↑ comics
  11. ↑ books
  12. ↑ "Books by Dave Mckay". Smashwords. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  13. ↑ Smith, Geraldine. Voices in the Wilderness: An Ethnography of Endtime Survivors - World Religions and Spirituality Project - Rituals and Practices. 2019-05-25
  14. ↑ Smith, Geraldine. "Voices In The Wilderness: An Ethnography of The Endtime Survivors - Chapter 2: Money burning, The Kidney Cult and YouTube charisma".
  15. 1 2 Smith, Geraldine. "Voices in the Wilderness: An Ethnography of Endtime Survivors - The Third period - Making YouTube Videos". jesuschristians.com. Retrieved 2020-05-10.
  16. ↑ "Como Vivir Por Fe". Como Vivir Por Fe.
  17. ↑ "Cómo Vivir Por Fe". YouTube. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  18. ↑ End Time Survivors - Start Preparing for the Apocalypse!!, archived from the original on 2021-12-22, retrieved 2020-05-10
  19. ↑ Interested in Alternative Living? Live Like the Early Church!, archived from the original on 2021-12-22, retrieved 2020-05-10
  20. ↑ September 23 2017 and the YouTube False Prophets!!, archived from the original on 2021-12-22, retrieved 2020-05-10
  21. ↑ Cockroaches for Christ - Learn to Survive the End Times!, archived from the original on 2021-12-22, retrieved 2020-05-10
  22. ↑ Bro Dave Ch. #1 - When Will Jesus Return? - Apocalyptic Movie Commentary, archived from the original on 2021-12-22, retrieved 2020-05-10
  23. 1 2 Smith. "Thesis on The Jesus Christian Movement". jesuschristians.com. Retrieved 2020-05-10.
  24. ↑ "Survivors". Smashwords. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  25. ↑ TOP PRIORITY—THE MARK— DON'T MISS IT!, archived from the original on 2021-12-22, retrieved 2020-05-10
  26. ↑ End Time Survivors is a Worldwide Movement! Help Us by Contributing Subtitles!, archived from the original on 2021-12-22, retrieved 2020-05-10
  27. ↑ "End Time Survivors". endtimesurvivors.com. Retrieved 2020-05-10.
  28. ↑ A Voice in the Desert
  29. ↑ The Most HATED of All Jesus' Teachings, retrieved 2020-05-11
  30. ↑ What You Need to Know About AI and the Mark of the Beast, archived from the original on 2021-12-22, retrieved 2020-05-11
  31. ↑ "A Voice In The Desert". YouTube. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  32. ↑ World Religions and Spirituality Project 2019-06-24
  33. ↑ "Search Results for "jesus christians" – WRSP". Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  34. ↑ "JC History 1981-1996". Jesus Christians. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  35. ↑ Barker, Eileen (2016). "From the Children of God to the Family International - A Story of Radical Christianity and De-Radicalising Transformation". Handbook of Global Contemporary Christianity Movements, Institutions, and Allegiance. Brill. pp. 414–415. ISBN 9789004310780. Another schism, the Jesus Christians, was founded in Australia in 1981 by Dave MacKay (1944– ) following disagreements over practices such as flirty fishing.
  36. ↑ Smith. "Thesis on The Jesus Christian Movement - An Academic Review: The Influence of the Counter-Cult Movement". jesuschristians.com. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  37. ↑ A Change of Name. Article from The Jesus Christian's website
  38. 1 2 "Excommunicated". Jesus Christians. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
  39. 1 2 Hall, Sarah; Vasagar, Jeevan; Bates, Stephen (28 July 2000). "Boy Camped with Cult as Hunt Went On". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 28 May 2013.
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