Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) consist of infections primarily of the brain and spinal cord. They include mostly viral infections, less commonly bacterial infections, fungal infections, prion diseases and protozoan infections. Neonatal meningitis is a particular classification by age.
By anatomical site
- Brain abscess, Epidural abscess, including spinal epidural and cranial epidural
- Encephalitis
- Meningitis
By cause
There are five main causes of CNS infections, namely bacterial, viral, fungal, protozoal, protozoan infections and prionic infections.
Viral
- Most forms of aseptic meningitis are viral in origin, though neoplastic and Lyme disease meningitis are also aseptic.
- California encephalitis virus
- Central nervous system viral disease
- Cytomegalovirus encephalitis
- SARS-CoV-2
- Eastern equine encephalitis
- Enterovirus encephalitis
- Epstein Barr Virus encephalitis
- Herpes simplex encephalitis
- Influenza encephalitis
- Japanese encephalitis
- La Crosse encephalitis
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis by Arenavirus
- Measles encephalitis
- Mumps
- Nipah virus encephalitis[1]
- Poliomyelitis
- Progressive rubella panencephalitis, a late complication of congenital rubella syndrome
- St. Louis encephalitis
- Slow virus infections, which include:
- Rabies
- Tick-borne encephalitis
- Varicella
- Viral encephalitis lists 37 causes
- Viral meningitis
- Western equine encephalitis
Prionic
These are transmissible spongiform encephalopathies like:
Fungal
Protozoan
Post-infectious diseases of the central nervous system
These are not infections but post-infectious CNS diseases:
- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
- Guillain–Barré syndrome
- PANDAS (controversial hypothesis)[2][3][4]
- Sydenham's chorea
See also
References
- ↑ "Signs and Symptoms | Nipah Virus (NiV) | CDC". cdc.gov. 6 October 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
- ↑ Wilbur C, Bitnun A, Kronenberg S, Laxer RM, Levy DM, Logan WJ, Shouldice M, Yeh EA (May 2019). "PANDAS/PANS in childhood: Controversies and evidence". Paediatr Child Health. 24 (2): 85–91. doi:10.1093/pch/pxy145. PMC 6462125. PMID 30996598.
- ↑ Sigra S, Hesselmark E, Bejerot S (March 2018). "Treatment of PANDAS and PANS: a systematic review". Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 86: 51–65. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.01.001. PMID 29309797.
- ↑ Moretti G, Pasquini M, Mandarelli G, Tarsitani L, Biondi M (2008). "What every psychiatrist should know about PANDAS: a review". Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 4 (1): 13. doi:10.1186/1745-0179-4-13. PMC 2413218. PMID 18495013.
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