Provinces of Indonesia
Provinsi di Indonesia
CategoryFirst-level administrative division of a decentralized unitary state
LocationRepublic of Indonesia
Created
  • 18 August 1945
Number38
PopulationsSouth Papua (522,215) – West Java (49,405,800)
AreasJakarta 661 km2 (255 sq mi) – Central Kalimantan 153,444 km2 (59,245 sq mi)
Government
Subdivisions

Provinces are the first-level administrative divisions of Indonesia. It is formerly called the first-level provincial region provinsi daerah tingkat I) before the Reform era. Provinces have a local government, consisting of a governor (Gubernur) and a regional legislative body (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Provinsi). The governor and members of local representative bodies are elected by popular vote for five-year terms, but governors can only serve for two terms. Provincial governments have the authority to regulate and manage their own government affairs, subject to the limits of the central government.

Currently, Indonesia is divided into 38 provinces, nine of which have special autonomous status. The terminology for special status are "Istimewa" and "Khusus", which translates to 'special' or 'designated' in English. Provinces are further divided into regencies and cities (formerly called second-level region regencies and cities or kabupaten/kotamadya daerah tingkat II), which are in turn subdivided into districts (kecamatan).

Background

Article 18 paragraph 1 of The 1945 Constitution states that "The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is divided into provincial regions and those provincial regions are divided into regencies and city, whereby every one of those provinces, regencies, and municipalities has its regional government, which shall be regulated by laws."

According to the Law on Regional Government (UU 23/2014) the authority of the Provincial Government includes:

  1. Development planning and control;
  2. Planning, utilization, and community peace;
  3. Implementation of public order and public peace;
  4. Provision of public facilities and infrastructure;
  5. Handling the health sector;
  6. Education and allocation of potential human resources;
  7. Handling social problems across regencies/cities;
  8. Services in the field of manpower across regencies/cities;
  9. Facilitating the development of cooperatives, small and medium enterprises, including across districts/cities;
  10. Environmental control;
  11. Defense services, including across regencies/cities;
  12. Population and civil registration services;
  13. Government general administration services;
  14. Investment administration services, including across regencies/cities;
  15. The implementation of other basic services that cannot be carried out by regencies/cities; and
  16. Other mandatory affairs mandated by laws and regulations.

The authority of the provincial government are government affairs which are located across regencies/municipalities, government affairs whose users are across regencies/municipalities, government affairs whose benefits or negative impacts lie across regencies/municipalities, government affairs which use more resources. efficient if carried out by the province.

Each province has a local government, headed by a governor and a legislative body (DPRD). The governor and members of local representative bodies are elected by popular vote for five-year terms, but governors can only serve for two terms. The general election to elect members of the DPRDs is conducted simultaneously with the national general election. Previously, the general elections for Governor and Vice Governor were not held simultaneously. However, since 2015 regional head elections have been held simultaneously. Under the plan, simultaneous partial local elections will be held in February 2017, June 2018, December 2020, culminating in simultaneous elections for all local executive posts on November 2024 and then every five years.

Current provinces

Seven provinces in Indonesia that have special characteristics are:

One province has "privileged" characteristics:

One province has both characteristics:

  • Aceh Aceh, which has the special and privileged status of implementation of Islamic sharia law in religious life, customary life, and education.

Geographical units

The provinces are officially grouped into seven geographical units for statistical and national planning purposes, but without administrative function.[1]

Geographical unit Provinces Population
(mid-2022)[2]		 Largest city Highest point
Sumatra Aceh, the Bangka Belitung Islands, Bengkulu, Jambi, Lampung, North Sumatra, Riau, the Riau Islands, South Sumatra, and West Sumatra 59,977,300 Medan Mount Kerinci
3,805 m (12484 ft)
Java Banten, Central Java, East Java, the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, the Special Region of Yogyakarta, and West Java 154,282,100 Jakarta Mount Semeru
3,678 m (12067 ft)
Kalimantan Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, and West Kalimantan 17,052,200 Samarinda Mount Bukit Raya
2,278 m (7,474 ft)
Nusa Tenggara (Lesser Sunda Islands) Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, and East Nusa Tenggara 15,355,100 Denpasar Mount Rinjani
3,726 m (12,224 ft)
Sulawesi Central Sulawesi, Gorontalo, North Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, and West Sulawesi 20,304,400 Makassar Latimojong
3,478 m (11,411 ft)
Maluku Islands Maluku and North Maluku 3,201,000 Ambon Mount Binaiya
3,027 m (9,931 ft)
Papua (Western New Guinea) Central Papua, Highland Papua, Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, and West Papua 5,601,900 Jayapura Puncak Jaya
4,884 m (16,024 ft)

List of provinces

Click on a province name to go to its main article

Former provinces

Evolution of Indonesia's provinces from 1945 until North Kalimantan's establishment in 2012
Three-province Sumatra (1948–56) (L) and two-province Sulawesi (1960–64) with present-day regency borders

Upon the independence of Indonesia, eight provinces were established. West Java, Central Java, East Java, and Maluku still exist as of today despite later divisions, while Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Nusa Tenggara, formerly Lesser Sunda (Sunda Kecil) were fully liquidated by dividing them into new provinces. The province of Central Sumatra existed from 1948 to 1957, while East Timor was annexed as a province from 1976 until its power transfer to UNTAET in 1999 prior to its independence as a country in 2002.

Province Capital Period Successor(s)
Special Region of Surakarta
(Daerah Istimewa Surakarta)[10]		 Surakarta 1945–1946 Central Java
Sumatra[11] Bukittinggi / Medan 1945–1948 Central Sumatra
North Sumatra
South Sumatra
Kalimantan[12] Banjarmasin 1945–1956 East Kalimantan
South Kalimantan
West Kalimantan
Nusa Tenggara[13] Singaraja 1945–1958 Bali
East Nusa Tenggara
West Nusa Tenggara
Sulawesi[14] Makassar / Manado 1945–1960 North-Central Sulawesi
South-Southeast Sulawesi
Central Sumatra
(Sumatera Tengah)[11][15]		 Bukittinggi 1948–1957 Jambi
Riau
West Sumatra
North-Central Sulawesi
(Sulawesi Utara-Tengah)[16]		 Manado 1960–1964 North Sulawesi
Central Sulawesi
South-Southeast Sulawesi
(Sulawesi Selatan-Tenggara)[16]		 Makassar 1960–1964 South Sulawesi
Southeast Sulawesi
East Timor
(Timor Timur)[17]		 Dili 1976–1999 Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste

New provinces made from currently-existing provinces

Pre-1999 Maluku (L) and Irian Jaya (now Papua, R) with present-day regency borders
Provinces in Western New Guinea, after the split of Papua Province into four provinces in June 2022[18] and after the split of West Papua Province into two provinces in December 2022[19]
New province
(current name)		 Year New province
(then name)		 Province of origin
Special Region of Yogyakarta1950YogyakartaCentral Java
Aceh1956AcehNorth Sumatra
Central Kalimantan1958Central KalimantanSouth Kalimantan
Jakarta Special Capital Region1959Greater JakartaWest Java
Lampung1964LampungSouth Sumatra
Bengkulu1967BengkuluSouth Sumatra
North Maluku1999North MalukuMaluku
Banten2000BantenWest Java
Bangka Belitung Islands2000Bangka Belitung IslandsSouth Sumatra
Gorontalo2000GorontaloNorth Sulawesi
Riau Islands2002Riau IslandsRiau
West Papua2003West Irian JayaIrian Jaya
West Sulawesi2004West SulawesiSouth Sulawesi
North Kalimantan2012North KalimantanEast Kalimantan
Central Papua2022Central PapuaPapua
Highland Papua2022Highland PapuaPapua
South Papua2022South PapuaPapua
Southwest Papua2022Southwest PapuaWest Papua

Renamed provinces

Year Old name
(Indonesian)		 Old name
(English)		 New name
(Indonesian)		 New name
(English)		 Current name
1954Sunda KecilLesser SundaNusa TenggaraNusa Tenggaranon-existent
1959AcehAcehDaerah Istimewa AcehAceh Special RegionAceh
1961Jakarta RayaGreater JakartaDaerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta RayaGreater Jakarta Special Capital RegionJakarta Special Capital Region
1973Irian BaratWest IrianIrian JayaIrian JayaPapua
1990Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta RayaGreater Jakarta Special Capital RegionDaerah Khusus Ibukota JakartaJakarta Special Capital RegionJakarta Special Capital Region
2001Daerah Istimewa AcehAceh Special RegionNanggroë Aceh DarussalamState of Aceh, the Abode of PeaceAceh
2002Irian JayaIrian JayaPapuaPapuaPapua
2007Irian Jaya BaratWest Irian JayaPapua BaratWest PapuaWest Papua
2009Nanggroë Aceh DarussalamState of Aceh, the Abode of PeaceAcehAcehAceh

Former provincial capitals

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Jakarta is a province-level Capital Special Region comprising five Kota Administrasis (administrative cities/municipalities) and one Kabupaten Administrasi (administrative regency). It has no de jure capital, but many governmental buildings are located at Central Jakarta.

    References

    1. ↑ ISO 3166-2:ID
    2. ↑ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023.
    3. ↑ "Data Wilayah – Kementerian Dalam Negeri – Republik Indonesia". Archived from the original on 2012-02-22. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
    4. ↑ Buku Induk—Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan per Provinsi, Kabupaten/Kota dan Kecamatan Seluruh Indonesia (PDF) (in Indonesian), Kementerian Dalam Negeri [Ministry of Home Affairs], archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-19
    5. ↑ ISO 3166-2:ID (ISO 3166-2 codes for the provinces of Indonesia)
    6. ↑ Badan Pusat Statistik/Statistics Indonesia, Jakarta, 2023.
    7. ↑ Badan Pusat Statistik/Statistics Indonesia, Jakarta, 2023.
    8. ↑ Figures adjusted to take account of the separation of Tarakan city and four regencies, as confirmed by Badan Pusat Statistik, to form the new province of North Kalimantan, listed separately in this table.
    9. ↑ West Papua was created from the western portion of Papua province in February 2003, initially under the name of Irian Jaya Barat, and was renamed Papua Barat (West Papua) on 7 February 2007. The split remains controversial. In November 2004, the Constitutional Court of Indonesia ruled that the split violated Papua's autonomy laws. However, since the western province had already been created, it should remain separate from Papua. The ruling also aborted the creation of another proposed province, Central Irian Jaya, because the split was not yet completed. As of June 2008, an ISO 3166-2 code has not yet been published for West Papua. If one were to follow precedent, it would be ID-PB. Note: ISO 3166-2 Newsletter II-1 (corrected 2010-02-19) page 18-19 confirms this as ID-PB. See http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_3166-2_newsletter_ii-1_corrected_2010-02-19.pdf Archived 2011-01-01 at the Wayback Machine. The code ID-IJ now refers to the larger geographical region including Papua and West Papua.
    10. ↑ "Pangeran Surakarta Ajukan Piagam Soekarno Jadi Bukti Keistimewaan". Constitutional Court of Indonesia. Retrieved 2023-06-20.
    11. 1 2 "Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 21 Tahun 1950" [Government Regulation Number 21 of 1950]. Government Regulation No. 21 of 1950 (PDF) (in Indonesian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-12-11.
    12. ↑ "Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 1956" [Act Number 25 of 1956]. Act No. 25 of 1956 (in Indonesian). {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
    13. ↑ "Undang-Undang Nomor 64 Tahun 1958" [Act Number 64 of 1958]. Act No. 64 of 1958 (in Indonesian). {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
    14. ↑ "Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 47 Tahun 1960" [Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 47 of 1960]. Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 47 of 1970 (in Indonesian).
    15. ↑ "Undang-Undang Darurat Nomor 19 Tahun 1957" [Emergency Act Number 19 Year 1957]. Emergency Act No. 19 of 1957 (in Indonesian).
    16. 1 2 "Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 1964" [Act Number 13 of 1964]. Act No. 13 of 1964 (in Indonesian). {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
    17. ↑ "Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 1976" [Act of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 1976]. Act No. 7 of 1976 (PDF) (in Indonesian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-11-14.
    18. ↑ Meilani, Tri; Adji, Raka. "The long-awaited birth of South Papua province". antaranews.com. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
    19. ↑ "Southwest Papua Province inaugurated, Indonesia now has 38 provinces". Indonesiawindow.com. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
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