Hilda Cid Araneda
Born (1933-02-20) 20 February 1933
Talcahuano, Chile
NationalityChilean
Alma materUniversity of Concepción, Chile, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
Known forChilean scientist who excelled in the field of crystallography

Hilda Cid Araneda (20 February 1933, Talcahuano, Chile) is a Chilean scientist who excelled in the field of crystallography. She was the first Chilean female to complete a PhD in Exact Sciences. She made remarkable contributions both as a professor of mathematics and physics and as influential researcher on structural biology, specially in protein crystallography.[1][2]

Biography and scientific career

Hilda Cid Araneda was born on 20 February 1933 in the port city of Talcahuano (Chile), where she completed her primary and secondary studies. She was the daughter of two school teachers, well aware of the importance of the education of their children.[3]

In 1951, Hilda enrolled in the Teacher's career in physics and mathematics at the University of Concepción and in 1955 won the university prize awarded to the best undergraduate student. She moved then to the Pedagogical Institute of the University of Chile in Santiago (Chile), where she joined the laboratory of crystallography and did some research in physics while she was an assistant professor in the Optics lab.[4] These research led her to write her thesis degree, with the title “Some optical methods in determining the crystal structures by X-ray” and later to publish one of her first scientific papers in the field.[5] In 1958 she completed the requirements for obtaining the title of Teacher of Physics and Mathematics, with distinction (summa cum laude).[4]

In 1960 she moved, with her husband and two sons, to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States) to continue her crystallography studies under the Professor Martin J. Buerger. Her MSc Thesis, written in 1962, reported the determination, by X-ray crystallography, of the structure of hexatitanate potassium.[6] During these years, she developed high expertise in the use of X-rays to determine the crystal structure of complex large molecules and she played a role in the determination of the structure terramycin (oxytetracycline).[7] In 1964, she completed her PhD in Exact Sciences, “Crystal structure of the turquoise group minerals”. Only four women had graduated before her in this department at MIT.[4][8]

After her doctorate studies, she returned to Chile, where she created a new team of academics and researchers in the relatively new field of crystallography at the University of Chile. Later, she began to work as a full professor of Biophysics at the Austral University of Chile in Valdivia.[9][10]

In 1974, after the military coup, Hilda and her family went into exile to Uppsala (Sweden). She joined the Wallenberg Protein Laboratory at the University of Uppsala, where she worked on the characterization by X-ray diffraction of large biological molecules.[3] The team managed to determine the three-dimensional structure of carbonic anhydrase[11] and a particular structure of G-actin binding to DNase I.[12]

In 1979, she returned from exile carrying some scientific equipment from the University of Uppsala to the Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics at the University of Concepción.[13] She continued to work at her alma mater until her retirement in 1996.[3]

Legacy

On top of her great contributions to scientific research, Hilda is known for being an excellent professor, an advocate for science education, an early visionary of the potential of interdisciplinary work and for her strong commitment to social justice and democracy.[8]

In 1965, she participated in the foundation of the Chilean Physical Society (Sociedad Chilena de Física, SOCHIFI), where she remained as the only woman in the managing board until 2013.[14][15]

In 1972, she actively participated in the First National Congress of Scientists, where the responsibility of the science community in the progress of society was recognised.[16]

In the decade of 1980, she was essential for the organization of the Association of Academics of the University of Concepción, being elected president, and supported the student movement against the military intervention of universities.[8]

In 2018, a hall auditorium was named after her at the University of Concepción.[17][18]

References

  1. ↑ "Hilda Cid: La primera chilena en doctorarse en Ciencias Exactas y cuyos logros han caído en el olvido". Sociedad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Chile (in Spanish). 3 August 2016. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  2. ↑ Concepción, TVU | Televisión Universidad de. "8 de marzo: cuatro mujeres pioneras en la historia de la Universidad de Concepción". TVU | Televisión Universidad de Concepción (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 August 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 "Hilda Cid, una pionera chilena en cristalografía | Vidas científicas". Mujeres con ciencia (in Spanish). 13 October 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
  4. 1 2 3 Gutiérrez, Gonzalo (2016). "Hilda Cid: physicist, crystallographer, structural biologist". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 720 (1): 012058. Bibcode:2016JPhCS.720a2058G. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/720/1/012058. ISSN 1742-6596.
  5. ↑ Garaycochea, I.; Cid-Dresdner, H. (10 February 1961). "On the setting of crystals for X-ray diffraction work". Acta Crystallographica. 14 (2): 200–201. doi:10.1107/S0365110X61000681. ISSN 0365-110X.
  6. ↑ Cid-Dresdner, Hilda; Buerger, M. J. (1 December 1962). "The crystal structure of potassium hexatitanate K2Ti6O13". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 117 (5–6): 411–430. Bibcode:1962ZK....117..411C. doi:10.1524/zkri.1962.117.5-6.411. hdl:1721.1/58354. ISSN 0044-2968. S2CID 101192105.
  7. ↑ Cid-Dresdner, Hilda (1 April 1965). "The crystal structure of terramycin hydrochloride, C22H24N2O9 · HCl*". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 121 (2–4): 170–189. Bibcode:1965ZK....121..170C. doi:10.1524/zkri.1965.121.2-4.170. ISSN 0044-2968.
  8. 1 2 3 Administradora. "Hilda Cid: La primera chilena en doctorarse en Ciencias Químicas y cuyos logros han caído en el olvido". Asociación de Académicos y Académicas Enrique Molina Garmendia UDEC (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  9. ↑ Shrock, Robert Rakes (23 September 1982). Geology at MIT 1865-1965: A History of the First Hundred Years of Geology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology: Department Operations and Projects. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-19211-8.
  10. ↑ "The first women who opened the way in Chile - El Mercurio". Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Chile. 17 July 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  11. ↑ Kannan, K. K.; Petef, M.; Fridborg, K.; Cid-Dresdner, H.; Lövgren, S. (15 January 1977). "Structure and function of carbonic anhydrases. Imidazole binding to human carbonic anhydrase B and the mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrases". FEBS Letters. 73 (1): 115–119. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(77)80027-6. ISSN 0014-5793. PMID 402287.
  12. ↑ Carlsson, L.; Nyström, L.-E.; Lindberg, U.; Kannan, K.K.; Cid-Dresdner, H.; Lövgren, S.; Jörnvall, Hans (15 August 1976). "Crystallization of a non-muscle actin". Journal of Molecular Biology. 105 (3): 353–366. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(76)90098-X. ISSN 0022-2836. PMID 972388.
  13. ↑ "- CRECES". www.creces.cl. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  14. ↑ "Directorios | Sociedad Chilena de Física" (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  15. ↑ "Mujeres y ciencias físicas en Chile | Sociedad Chilena de Física" (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  16. ↑ "Hilda Cid y el campo de la Cristalografía". O'Higgins (in Spanish). 3 April 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  17. ↑ "Directora de Género UdeC: Necesitamos hacer justicia a la contribución de nuestras mujeres | PanoramaWeb UdeC". www.udec.cl. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  18. ↑ Concepción, Diario. "UdeC: una universidad con inclusión femenina". Diario Concepción (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 August 2021.
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