Hieu Minh Ngo
Born (1989-10-08) October 8, 1989
Gia Lai, Vietnam
NationalityVietnamese
Other namesHieuPC/Hiếu PC [1]
EducationHo Chi Minh City University of Science
OccupationCyber Security Specialist
OrganizationNational Cyber Security Centre
Known forSentenced to 13 years in U.S. federal prison for stealing user information[2]

Ngo Minh Hieu (also known as Hieu PC, born 8 October 1989) is a Vietnamese cyber security specialist and a former hacker and identity thief. He was convicted in the United States of stealing hundreds of thousands of persons' personally identifiable information and in 2015 was sentenced to 13 years in U.S. federal prison.[2] After his early release from prison in 2020, Hieu returned to Vietnam and was recruited by the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) under the Ministry of Information and Communications as a technical expert.[3][4]

Computer crimes

Ngo Minh Hieu is a Vietnamese national.[5] He was born in Gia Lai, Vietnam, on October 8, 1989.

In his late teens, he traveled to New Zealand to study English at a university there. By that time, he was already an administrator of several dark web hacker forums, and between his studies, he discovered a vulnerability in the school’s network that exposed payment card data. “I did contact the IT technician there to fix it, but nobody cared so I hacked the whole system,” Hieu recalled. “Then I used the same vulnerability to hack other websites. I was stealing lots of credit cards.” Hieu said he decided to use the card data to buy concert and event tickets from Ticketmaster, and then sell the tickets at a New Zealand auction site called TradeMe. The university later learned of the intrusion and Hieu’s role in it, and the Auckland police got involved.[1] Hieu’s travel visa was not renewed after his first semester ended, and in retribution ,he attacked the university’s site, shutting it down for at least two days.[1]

From 2007 to 2013, he operated a "massive international hacking and identity theft scheme from his home in Vietnam" in which he stole personally identifiable information (such as names, Social Security numbers, and bank account data) of 200 million U.S. citizens.[6] Hieu obtained this data by hacking companies' databases, then advertised and offered (on two websites he operated, which were later shuttered) the stolen information for purchase by other cybercriminals.[7] Hieu was also able to obtain data from Court Ventures, an Experian subsidiary,[8][9] by "posing as a private investigator operating out of Singapore."[10]

Hieu made nearly $2 million from his scheme.[5][6][2] The Internal Revenue Service has confirmed that 13,673 U.S. citizens, whose stolen PII was sold on Hieu’s websites, have been victimized through the filing of $65 million in fraudulent individual income tax returns.[11]

Prosecution, sentence, and release

In February 2013, Hieu entered the United States territory and was arrested[6] after U.S. Secret Service investigators lured Hieu to Guam "to consummate a business deal with a man he believed could deliver huge volumes of consumers' personal and financial data for resale."[10] He subsequently pleaded guilty to federal crimes: (1) wire fraud, (2) identity fraud, (3) access device fraud, and (4) four counts of computer fraud and abuse. Hieu had been facing more than 42 years in federal prison,[12] but his sentence was lightened because he cooperated with investigators to secure the arrest of at least a dozen of his U.S.-based customers.[13][14]

The Secret Service had difficulty pinning down the exact amount of financial damage inflicted by Hieu’s various ID theft services over the years, primarily because those services only kept records of what customers searched for — not which records they purchased. But based on the records they did have, the government estimated that Hieu’s service enabled approximately $1.1 billion in new account fraud at banks and retailers throughout the United States, and roughly $65 million in tax refund fraud with the states and the IRS.[15]

In July 2015, U.S. District Judge Paul Barbadoro sentenced Hieu, then age 25, to 13 years in prison.[5][6] The Bureau of Prisons lists his register number as 03664-093 and his release date was 11/20/2019. In the final months of his detention, Hieu started reading everything he could get his hands on about computer and Internet security, and even authored a lengthy guide written for the average Internet user with advice about how to avoid getting hacked or becoming the victim of identity theft. In the longer term, Hieu says, he wants to mentor young people and help guide them on the right path, and away from cybercrime. He’s been brutally honest about his crimes and the destruction he’s caused. His LinkedIn profile states up front that he’s a convicted cybercriminal. Hieu was described by the US government as "one of the most notorious thieves ever pardoned in a federal prison".[16][17]

Work as a Cybersecurity expert

Three months after his return to Vietnam, Hieu posted a photo of his application for the National Cyber Security Monitoring Center (NCSC) on his personal Facebook page on December 3, 2020.[18] The next day, a representative of NCSC officially confirmed that Hieu would work for them as a technical expert.[19] Less than a month after officially starting work for NCSC, Hieu PC publicly demolished two bogus websites Vietnam Airlines and Vietjet Air designed to defraud passengers.[20][21] These two sizable fake websites, which have been around for a while, are regarded as sizable fake websites. Hieu PC's decision to publicly knock both down gained attention and received backing from online users.[22] Additionally, he removed profiles on social media that were created in his name with the intention of stealing consumers' confidence and making money.[23] In light of the numerous scams that have recently cropped up and are causing Vietnamese users a great deal of harm, including impersonation scams,[24][25] malwares disguising themselves as free applications,[26][27][28] illegal virtual currency trading,[29] etc. Hieu frequently makes appearances in campaigns against these scams, as well as providing users with advice and warnings.[30] These scams include targeted attacks on business systems,[31] and disinformation regarding information security understanding that creates public confusion.[32][33] Along with the moniker "former hacker",[34] Hieu is frequently referred to in Vietnamese media as a security engineer,[35][36] and cyber security specialist.[37]

From "black hat",[38] Ngo Minh Hieu turned "white hat" after returning to Vietnam.[39] He is continually awarded by several technological businesses as well as cellular service providers for his efforts in finding and correcting security issues. In May 2022, he was honored by Apple Inc. as one of the security specialists who contributed to this firm by identifying security weaknesses in Apple web servers.[40][41] This is the first time he has been awarded in the capacity of "white hat".[42] In February 2023, he was handed a certificate by the US carrier Verizon to congratulate him for uncovering two vulnerabilities that might damage data and two faults connected to the web management system of their network.[43][44] In a meeting with Lao Dong Newspaper, Ngo Minh Hieu remarked that there are often a lot of financial companies and banks that request him to cooperate to figure out the system's security weaknesses. He undertakes these works by contract, but 60% of his time is generally devoted to social projects.[43] In March 2023, he was invited to Dubai to attend and give a lecture on cybersecurity at the Gulf Information Security Expo & Conference (GISEC).[45][46] This is the first time he has gone overseas since returning to Vietnam at the end of 2020.[47]

Besides humanitarian projects, Ngo Minh Hieu regularly appears in sharing sessions, discussion shows, seminars or conferences on information security at home and abroad.

Events
Times Event Organization Nation Ref
September 2021 TEDxRMIT 2021: The One Lagacy TED, RMIT Online [48][49]
November 2021 Global Online Scam Summit ScamAdviser [50]
CISO Online ASEAN Corinium Global Intelligence [51]
December 2021 GDG DevFest HCMC Google Developer Groups [52]
March 2022 CISO Sydney Corinium Global Intelligence  Australia [53]
December 2022 Microsoft Technology Summit Microsoft  Vietnam [54][55]
March 2023 GISEC Cyber Security Council  United Arab Emirates [45][46]
CyberSecurity Awareness Events CloudDefense Online [56]
Raising Cyber Security Awareness TED, Đakao  Vietnam [57][58]
April 2023 Smarter Faster Payments NACHA  United States [59]
June 2023 Scam Investigators Meet-up GASA Online [60]
July 2023 Google I/O Extended MienTrung Google Developer Groups  Vietnam [61]
August 2023 FIDO APAC Summit 2023 FIDO Alliance, VinCSS [62]
October 2023 Tech Week Singapore 2023 CloserStill  Singapore [63]
Gitex Global: Dubai 2023  United Arab Emirates [64]
November 2023 IT Fest 2023 FPT Software  Vietnam [65]
Seminar
Times Seminar topic Organization Nation Ref
May 2021 Safety in the digital environment VANJ Online [66]
February 2022 Security Perspective during Product Development Gambaru [67]
November 2022 Information technology orientation HUFLIT  Vietnam [68]
March 2023 Cybersecurity in digital space – Trends and opportunities PTIT, Naver [69]
May 2023 Risk warning and cyber fraud prevention Southern VNISA [70][71]

Social projects

In February 2021, he established the non-profit initiative "ChongLuaDao" (English: Scam Fighters, Vietnamese: Chống Lừa Đảo) together with the related website and add-on extension.[72][73] This is a project to alert clients about websites with undesirable material, false content, phishing, scam or harboring malware.[74] After just one day of availability, the ChongLuaDao extension has received more than 3,500 downloads, more than 70 thousand views, and banned more than 1000 phishing websites from more than 1400 reports from users.[75] Since returning to Vietnam, he has regularly participated in providing knowledge about information security in cyberspace, helping users avoid harmful websites.[76][77] In addition, he has put up a blog called 7onez to help many individuals and companies enhance their knowledge of attacks from hackers.[78] Some comments argue that these are all activities that this hacker does to atone for society.[79]

In May 2021, Ngo Minh Hieu and Coc Coc established the "Green Shield Campaign" with the purpose of providing a secure online environment for Vietnamese people.[80][81] This is quite a campaign that attracted the attention of the media and Vietnamese people during its start.[82][83][84] In less than 4 weeks, more than 24,000 hazardous websites have been reported by users, and more than 12,000 websites with harmful and phishing features have been warned.[85] This makes Hieu PC's cyber security projects efforts attract greater attention.[86] Also during this time, he took on the role of professional consultant for CyberKid Vietnam – a non-profit organization that supports children in cyberspace.[87][88] This is also a particular project that focuses on the protection of children, one of the most susceptible victims of cyberattacks.[89][90]

In the context of the breakout of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam, the issue of stealing personal information and scamming users is taking place more and more severely.[91][92] Hieu PC and his fanpage on the social network Facebook are presently one of the most noted information security channels when continuously updating preventative measures and associated warnings.[93][94] The members of the ChongLuaDao initiative not only periodically issue warnings about the status and scams that are happening often,[95][96] but also offer remedies and help for victims of scammers.[97][98] On November 24, 2021, Ngo Minh Hieu announced the foundation of ChongLuaDao Company, a social enterprise private limited company. This non-profit company is the next evolution of the non-profit project of the same name that launched in late 2020.[99]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Confessions of an ID Theft Kingpin, Part I". Krebs on Security. August 26, 2020. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 "Hacker Việt trộm dữ liệu của 200 triệu người Mỹ lĩnh 13 năm tù". VnExpress. July 15, 2015. Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
  3. ↑ "Vietnam's National Cybersecurity Center hires former cybercriminal". VnExpress. December 5, 2020. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
  4. ↑ "Hacker Hieupc đầu quân cho Trung tâm Giám sát an toàn không gian mạng quốc gia". Tuổi Trẻ Online. December 4, 2020. Archived from the original on December 6, 2020. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 Vietnamese National Sentenced to 13 Years in Prison for Operating a Massive International Hacking and Identity Theft Scheme Archived March 25, 2021, at the Wayback Machine (press release), U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs (July 14, 2015).
  6. 1 2 3 4 James Eng, Hacker Gets 13 Years in Prison for Massive International ID Theft Archived March 23, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, NBC News (July 14, 2015).
  7. ↑ Alyssa Bereznak (July 14, 2015). "This 25-Year-Old Vietnamese Man Stole the Identities of Nearly 200 Million Americans". Yahoo.com. Archived from the original on October 30, 2016. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
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  20. ↑ Nguyên Anh (December 16, 2020). "Hiếu PC gây sốt khi "đánh sập" hai trang web mạo danh hãng hàng không" [When Hieu PC "knocked down" two websites posing as the airline, the public was shocked.]. Yan News (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on December 24, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  21. ↑ Bí Ngô (December 16, 2020). "Hiếu PC "đánh sập" 2 website mạo danh hãng hàng không, nhận về cú "phản dame" cực gắt" [Two websites mimicking the airline were "taken down" by Hieu PC, who was given a severe "counter-dame."]. Tiền Phong (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
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