| Hexaplex Temporal range: 61.7 - 0 Ma | |
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| Two views of a shell of Hexaplex cichoreum | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Muricidae |
| Subfamily: | Muricinae |
| Genus: | Hexaplex Perry, 1811 |
| Type species | |
| Hexaplex cichoreum (Gmelin, 1791) | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Hexaplex is a genus of medium-sized to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily muracinae of the family Muricidae, the murex shells or rock snails.[1]
This genus is known in the fossil record from the Paleocene to the Quaternary period (age range: from 61.7 to 0.012 million years ago.). Fossil shells within this genus have been found all over the world.[2]
Description
This genus includes shells in the family Muricidae that are solid and globose. They contain five to eight varices that are more or less foliaceous.
Species
Species within the genus Hexaplex include :[1]
- Hexaplex angularis (Lamarck, 1822)
- †Hexaplex arietinus (Millet, 1865)
- Hexaplex bifasciatus (A. Adams, 1853)
- † Hexaplex bourgeoisi (Tournouër, 1875)
- Hexaplex brassica (Lamarck, 1822)
- Hexaplex cichoreum (Gmelin, 1791)
- Hexaplex conatus (McMichael, 1964)
- Hexaplex duplex Röding, 1798
- Hexaplex erythrostomus (Swainson, 1831)
- Hexaplex fulvescens (Sowerby II, 1834)
- Hexaplex kuesterianus (Tapparone-Canefri, 1875)
- † Hexaplex ledoni Ceulemans, van Dingenen, Merle & Landau, 2016
- Hexaplex megacerus (G.B. Sowerby II, 1834)
- Hexaplex pecchiolianus (d'Ancona, 1871)
- Hexaplex princeps (Broderip, 1833)
- Hexaplex regius (Swainson, 1821)
- Hexaplex rileyi D'Attilio & Myers, 1984
- Hexaplex rosarium (Röding, 1798)
- Hexaplex saharicus (Locard, 1897)
- Hexaplex stainforthi (Reeve, 1843)
- † Hexaplex tapparonii (Bellardi, 1873)
- † Hexaplex tridentatus (Tate, 1888)
- Hexaplex trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- † Hexaplex turonensis (Dujardin, 1837)
- Species brought into synonymy
- Hexaplex ambiguus (Reeve, 1845): synonym of Muricanthus ambiguus (Reeve, 1845)
- Hexaplex anatomica Perry, 1811: synonym of Homalocantha anatomica (Perry, 1811) (original combination)
- Hexaplex bojadorensis (Locard, 1897): synonym of Favartia bojadorensis (Locard, 1897)
- Hexaplex bozzadamii (Franchi, 1990): synonym of Hexaplex kusterianus bozzadamii (Franchi, 1990),: synonym of Hexaplex kuesterianus bozzadamii (Franchi, 1990)
- Hexaplex foliacea Perry, 1811: synonym of Hexaplex cichoreum (Gmelin, 1791) (synonym)
- Hexaplex fusca Perry, 1811: synonym of Homalocantha scorpio (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonym)
- Hexaplex kusterianus: synonym of Hexaplex kuesterianus (Tapparone Canefri, 1875) (misspelling)
- Hexaplex nigritus (Philippi, 1845): synonym of Muricanthus nigritus (Philippi, 1845)
- Hexaplex punctuata Perry, 1811: synonym of Hexaplex fulvescens (G. B. Sowerby II, 1834) (nomen oblitum)
- Hexaplex puniceus W. R. B. Oliver, 1915: synonym of Favartia garrettii (Pease, 1868)
- Hexaplex radix (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Muricanthus radix (Gmelin, 1791)
- Hexaplex ryalli Houart, 1993: synonym of Hexaplex saharicus ryalli Houart, 1993 (original combination)
- Hexaplex strausi (A.H. Verrill, 1950): synonym of Muricanthus strausi (A. H. Verrill, 1950)
- Hexaplex tenuis Perry, 1811: synonym of Homalocantha scorpio (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonym)
- Hexaplex turbinatus : synonym of Hexaplex duplex (Röding, 1798)
- Hexaplex varius (Sowerby II, 1834): synonym of Chicoreus varius (G. B. Sowerby II, 1834)
Extinct species
Extinct species within the genus Hexaplex include:[2]
- †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) colei Palmer 1937
- †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) engonatus Conrad 1833
- †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) etheringtoni Vokes 1968
- †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) katherinae Vokes 1968
- †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) marksi Harris 1894
- †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) silvaticus Palmer 1937
- †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) supernus Palmer 1947
- †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) texanus Vokes 1968
- †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) vanuxemi Conrad 1865
- †Hexaplex (Hexaplex) veatchi Maury 1910
- †Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) bourgeoisi Tournouër 1875
- †Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) brevicanthos Sismonda 1847
- †Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) campanii De Stefani and Pantanelli 1878
- †Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) rudis Borson 1821
- †Hexaplex hertweckorum Petuch 1988
Fossil shell of Hexaplex trunculus
References
- 1 2 3 Houart, R.; Gofas, S. (2010). Hexaplex Perry, 1810. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138194 on 2010-11-01
- 1 2 Fossilworks
Further reading
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hexaplex.
- Radwin G. E. & D'Attilio A. (1986) Murex shells of the world. An illustrated guide to the Muricidae. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, x + pp. 1–284 incl 192 figs. + 32 pls.
- Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
- Merle D., Garrigues B. & Pointier J.-P. (2011) Fossil and Recent Muricidae of the world. Part Muricinae. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 648 pp.
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