Choni
Thewo-Chone
Cone Tibetan
tço.ne
Pronunciation[tɕo.ne]
Native toChina
RegionGansu, Sichuan
Native speakers
150,000 (2004)[1]
Dialects
  • Thewo
  • Hbrugchu
Language codes
ISO 639-3cda
Glottologchon1285
ELPChoni

Choni (Jonê) and Thewo are dialects of a Tibetic language spoken in western China in the vicinity of Jonê County.

Choni has four contrastive aspirated fricatives: /sʰ/ /ɕʰ/, /ʂʰ/, /xʰ/.[2]

Phonology

Consonant phonemes of Nyinpa Choni
Bilabial Alveolar Retroflex (Alveolo-)
palatal		 Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive tenuis p t k
aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ
voiced b d ɡ
prenasalized ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ
Affricate tenuis t͡s t͡ʂ t͡ɕ
aspirated t͡sʰ t͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ
voiced d͡z d͡ʐ d͡ʑ
prenasalized ⁿd͡z ⁿd͡ʐ ⁿd͡ʑ
Fricative tenuis s ʂ ɕ x h
aspirated sʰ ʂʰ ɕʰ xʰ
voiced z (ʐ) ʑ ɣ (ʁ)
Sonorant r j w
Lateral fricative ɬ
approximant l
  • /r/ is phonetically a fricativized alveolar trill [r̝], and may be heard as [ʐ] as an allophone.
  • A syllable-initial /k/ can be heard as a uvular fricative [χ] before voiceless consonants and as a voiced [ʁ] before voiced consonants. A syllable-final /k/ can be heard as a uvular stop [q] after /æ/ or /ɔ/ vowel sounds.
  • [ʁ] can also be heard as an allophone of /ɣ/ between /æ/ or /ɔ/ and another vowel.[3]
Vowel phonemes
Front Central Back
short long short long short long
Close i iː ʉ ʉː u uː
ɪ ɪː
Close-mid e eː o oː
Mid ə
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open æ ɑ ɑː
Nasal vowels
Front Central Back
Close ĩː (ũː)
Close-mid ẽː õː
Open ã ãː
  • [ũː] rarely exists as a phoneme, and is only attested in a few words with a palatal or alveolo-palatal initial.

References

  1. ↑ Choni at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ↑ Jacques, Guillaume (2011). "A panchronic study of aspirated fricatives, with new evidence from Pumi" (PDF). Lingua. 121 (9): 1518–1538. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2011.04.003. S2CID 56166344.
  3. ↑ Jacques, Guillaume (April 2012). "A phonological profile of Cone" (PDF). HAL. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
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