Hayashi Hōkō
Hayashi Hōkō, 1st rector of Yushima Seidō
Hayashi Hōkō, 1st rector of Yushima Seidō
Born1644
Edo
Died1732
Edo
OccupationNeo-Confucian scholar, academic, administrator, writer
SubjectJapanese history, literature
ChildrenHayashi Ryūkō, son
RelativesHayashi Gahō, father
Hayashi Razan, grandfather

Hayashi Hōkō (林 鳳岡, January 11, 1644 – July 22, 1732), also known as Hayashi Nobutatsu, was a Japanese Neo-Confucian scholar, teacher and administrator in the system of higher education maintained by the Tokugawa bakufu during the Edo period. He was a member of the Hayashi clan of Confucian scholars.

Hōkō was the tutor of Tokugawa Tsuneyoshi.[1]

Following in the footsteps of his father, Hayashi Gahō, and his grandfather, Hayashi Razan, Hōkō would be the arbiter of official neo-Confucian doctrine of the Tokugawa shogunate. As a result of his urging, the shōgun invested Confucian scholars as samurai.[1]

Academician

Hōkō was the third Hayashi clan Daigaku-no-kami of the Edo period. After 1691, Hōkō is known as the first official rector of the Shōhei-kō (afterwards known as the Yushima Seidō) which was built on land provided by the shōgun.[1] This institution stood at the apex of the country-wide educational and training system which was created and maintained by the Tokugawa shogunate. Gahō's hereditary title was Daigaku-no-kami, which, in the context of the Tokugawa shogunate hierarchy, effectively translates as "head of the state university".[2]

The scholars of the Hayashi school were taught to apply what they had learned from a Confucian curriculum. Typically, they applied the Confucian texts conservatively, relying on Soong Confucian anlayis and metaphysical teachings.[3]

The neo-Confucianist scholar Arai Hakuseki generally expressed scant regard for opinions expressed by Hayashi Hōkō.[3]

Selected works

  • Kai hentai (Chinese Metamorphosis), reports of Chinese junks arriving in Nagasaki, 1640–1740.[4]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric et al. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia, p. 300.
  2. ↑ De Bary, William et al. (2005). Sources of Japanese Tradition, Vol. 2, p. 443.
  3. 1 2 Arakai, James et al. (2008). Early Modern Japanese Literature: an Anthology, 1600-1900, p. 378 n12.
  4. ↑ Tarling, Nicholas. (1998). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, Vol. 1, p. 161.

References

Flags mark the entrance to the reconstructed Yushima Seidō (Tokyo).
  • Arakai, James T. and Haruo Shirane. (2008). Early Modern Japanese Literature: an Anthology, 1600–1900 (abridged). New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-10990-1/ISBN 978-0-231-10991-8/ISBN 978-0-231-14414-8/ISBN 978-0-231-144155; OCLC 255022419
  • De Bary, William Theodore, Carol Gluck, Arthur E. Tiedemann. (2005). Sources of Japanese Tradition, Vol. 2. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231129848; OCLC 255020415
  • Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 48943301
  • Tarling, Nicholas. (1998). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-77864-0; ISBN 978-0-521-66369-4; ISBN 978-0-521-66370-0; ISBN 978-0-521-66371-7; ISBN 9780521663724; OCLC 43674066


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