Captain Harl Pease Jr.
United States Army Air Corps
Born(1917-04-10)April 10, 1917
Plymouth, New Hampshire
DiedOctober 8, 1942(1942-10-08) (aged 25)
Rabaul, New Britain
Place of burial
remains never recovered. A cenotaph is located in Trinity Churchyard Cemetery, Holderness, New Hampshire and a memorial in the Manila American Cemetery and Memorial, Manila, Philippine Islands.
Allegiance United States of America
Service/branchUnited States Army Air Corps
Years of service1939–1942
RankCaptain
Service number0-395206[1]
Unit93rd Bombardment Squadron, 19th Bombardment Group
Battles/warsWorld War II
AwardsMedal of Honor
Distinguished Flying Cross (2)
Purple Heart
Air Medal
Alma materUniversity of New Hampshire

Harl Pease Jr. (April 10, 1917 – October 8, 1942) was a United States Army Air Corps officer and a recipient of the United States military's highest award, the Medal of Honor, for his actions during World War II. He was the namesake for Pease Air Force Base, now Pease Air National Guard Base.

Biography

Pease was born and raised in Plymouth, New Hampshire, and graduated from Tilton School,[2] a college-preparatory school. He then attended the University of New Hampshire, where he became a brother of Theta Chi fraternity.[3] In 1939, he graduated with a degree in business administration and enlisted in the Army Air Corps.[4]

He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in June 1940 and awarded pilot rating upon completion of flight training at Kelly Field, Texas. Pease was assigned to the 19th Bombardment Group (19th BG) as a B-17 pilot at Albuquerque Army Air Base, and in October 1941 flew with the group to Clark Field in the Philippines. As part of the Far East Air Force, Pease was present at Clark Field when it was bombed by Japanese aircraft on December 8, 1941, flew missions in defense of the Philippines, and evacuated with the group to Darwin, Northern Territory, on December 20, 1941. Pease continued to fly missions with the group in defense of Java until the end of February 1942.

As the Japanese advanced in the Philippines, Pease was ordered to lead three B-17s of the 19th BG to Del Monte Field on Mindanao to evacuate General Douglas MacArthur, along with the general's family and staff, to Australia. One of the battered planes was forced to abort early, while another developed engine trouble and crashed south of Del Monte. Pease landed his Fortress safely, despite its inoperative wheel brakes. MacArthur was shocked at the sight of Pease's aircraft, upon which the ground crews of the undersupplied 19th BG had used cut-up ration cans to patch bullet holes, as well as Pease himself, whom MacArthur described as a "child". MacArthur flatly refused to place his wife and son aboard Pease's B-17 and instead waited for another plane to arrive two days later.

In May, from a base near Townsville, Queensland, the 19th BG supported naval carrier aircraft in the Battle of the Coral Sea, and bombed targets on the north coast of New Guinea, 16–18 hour missions that necessitated staging through Port Moresby. During the first six months of the war, the 19th BG was awarded four Distinguished Unit Citations.

A B-17E of the 19th Bombardment Group, similar to the one Pease flew in his final mission (41-2429)[5]

On August 6, 1942, one engine of Pease's B-17 failed during a mission, forcing a return to its base at Mareeba Airfield for repairs.[6] The 19th BG had already scheduled a "maximum effort" mission against Rabaul, New Britain, on August 7 but Pease and his crew, with their aircraft out of commission, were not scheduled. Pease understood the importance of the mission and was determined to rejoin the group. Only one B-17 at Mareeba was able to fly, a "war-weary" bomber relegated to training. Its engines needed an overhaul, some armament had been dismounted, and the electric fuel-transfer pump had been used for replacement parts. Pease had a fuel tank installed in the bomb bay, with a handpump rigged to transfer fuel, and in less than three hours, was en route to Port Moresby with his crew, all of whom had also volunteered for the mission. They landed at 1:00 a.m. after working or flying almost continuously since 6:00 a.m. the previous day.

With only three hours' crew rest, Pease took off with the group to attack Rabaul's Vunakanau airdrome. While 40 to 50 miles (64 to 80 km) from the target, the group was attacked by more than 30 Japanese fighters. Pease and his crew claimed several of the fighters, fought their way to the target, and bombed successfully, but sustained heavy damage in the attacks.

After leaving the target area, Pease's crippled B-17 fell behind the rest of the formation. Once again attacked by fighters, he was seen to jettison the burning bomb bay fuel tank before falling back out of sight. Pease and his crew were presumed killed in action. Before the B-17 crashed, however, Pease and another crew member were able to bail out; both were captured and taken to a POW camp in Rabaul.[7] Pease languished there until October 8, 1942. On that date, Pease, three other Americans, and two Australians were forced to dig their own grave, then were beheaded. Postwar, the remains of three of Pease's crew were found and identified; however, the remains of Pease and those killed with him were not recovered.[5]

Entrance sign at Pease Air Force Base in 1987

On December 2, 1942, the Medal of Honor, awarded posthumously to Pease, was presented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to his parents.[6][8] The recommendation for the award had been issued by Major General George Kenney, with an endorsement General MacArthur had personally written when Kenney notified him of Pease's death.

In June 1957, Portsmouth Air Force Base in New Hampshire was renamed Pease Air Force Base in his honor.[9] It closed in March 1991;[10] a portion continues to operate as Pease Air National Guard Base.

Awards and decorations

Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze star
Bronze star
Bronze star
Bronze star
Army Air Forces Pilot Badge
Medal of Honor
Distinguished Flying Cross
with bronze oak leaf cluster		 Purple Heart Air Medal
Prisoner of War Medal American Defense Service Medal
with service star		 American Campaign Medal
Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
with three bronze campaign stars		 World War II Victory Medal Philippine Defense Medal
Army Presidential Unit Citation Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation

Medal of Honor citation

  • Pease, Harl, Jr.

(Air Mission)

Rank and organization: captain, U.S. Army Air Corps, 93rd Bombardment Squadron. Place and date near Rabaul, New Britain, 6 – August 7, 1942. Entered service at: Plymouth, N.H. Birth: Plymouth, N.H. G.O. No.: 59, November 4, 1942.

Citation

For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action with the enemy on 6–7 August 1942. When 1 engine of the bombardment airplane of which he was pilot failed during a bombing mission over New Guinea, Capt. Pease was forced to return to a base in Australia. Knowing that all available airplanes of his group were to participate the next day in an attack on an enemy-held airdrome near Rabaul, New Britain, although he was not scheduled to take part in this mission, Capt. Pease selected the most serviceable airplane at this base and prepared it for combat, knowing that it had been found and declared unserviceable for combat missions. With the members of his combat crew, who volunteered to accompany him, he rejoined his squadron at Port Moresby, New Guinea, at 1 a.m. on 7 August, after having flown almost continuously since early the preceding morning. With only 3 hours' rest, he took off with his squadron for the attack. Throughout the long flight to Rabaul, New Britain, he managed by skillful flying of his unserviceable airplane to maintain his position in the group. When the formation was intercepted by about 30 enemy fighter airplanes before reaching the target, Capt. Pease, on the wing which bore the brunt of the hostile attack, by gallant action and the accurate shooting by his crew, succeeded in destroying several Zeros before dropping his bombs on the hostile base as planned, this in spite of continuous enemy attacks. The fight with the enemy pursuit lasted 25 minutes until the group dived into cloud cover. After leaving the target, Capt. Pease's aircraft fell behind the balance of the group due to unknown difficulties as a result of the combat, and was unable to reach this cover before the enemy pursuit succeeded in igniting 1 of his bomb bay tanks. He was seen to drop the flaming tank. It is believed that Capt. Pease's airplane and crew were subsequently shot down in flames, as they did not return to their base. In voluntarily performing this mission Capt. Pease contributed materially to the success of the group, and displayed high devotion to duty, valor, and complete contempt for personal danger. His undaunted bravery has been a great inspiration to the officers and men of his unit.[11]

See also

Sources

  • Jablonski, Edward (1968). Flying Fortress—The Illustrated Biography of The B-17s and The Men Who Flew Them. Doubleday. ISBN 978-0385038553.
  • Murphy, Edward F. (1990). Heroes of World War II. Presidio Press. ISBN 978-0891413677.

References

  1. ↑ "Harl Pease, Jr". American Battle Monuments Commission. Retrieved April 24, 2020 – via fold3.com.
  2. ↑ The Granite. Durham, New Hampshire: University of New Hampshire. 1939. p. 80. Retrieved April 24, 2020 – via library.unh.edu.
  3. ↑ "Three Receive D.F.C.'s, Two for Tokyo Raid". The Rattle of Theta Chi. Vol. XXXI, no. 1. September 1942. p. 3. Retrieved July 7, 2017 – via Google Books.
  4. ↑ Eaton, Aurore (January 14, 2015). "The story of WWII hero Harl Pease Jr. of Plymouth". New Hampshire Union Leader. Manchester, New Hampshire. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  5. 1 2 "B-17E 'Why Don't We Do This More Often' Serial Number 41-2429". Pacific Wrecks.
  6. 1 2 Eaton, Aurore (January 29, 2015). "Captain Harl Pease Jr. and the mission to Rabaul". New Hampshire Union Leader. Manchester, New Hampshire. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  7. ↑ Eaton, Aurore (February 4, 2015). "The true fate of Captain Harl Pease Jr". New Hampshire Union Leader. Manchester, New Hampshire. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  8. ↑ "Honors Flyer Thought Dead". The Baltimore Sun. AP. December 3, 1942. Retrieved July 1, 2017 – via newspapers.com.
  9. ↑ "It's To Be Pease Air Force Base". The Portsmouth Herald. Portsmouth, New Hampshire. June 22, 1957. Retrieved July 1, 2017 – via newspapers.com.
  10. ↑ Chiacu, Doina (April 1, 1991). "Budget Ax Falls On 1st Air Base". Albuquerque Journal. Albuquerque, New Mexico. AP. Retrieved June 29, 2017 – via newspapers.com.
  11. ↑ "Medal of Honor Recipients – World War II". history.army.mil. United States Army Center of Military History. June 8, 2009. Archived from the original on April 30, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2007.

Further reading

  • Bixby, Roland (2007). And Some Gave All (The Story of Plymouth's N.H.'s Congressional Medal of Honor Winner, Captain Harl Pease, Jr.). Granite State Copy. ISBN 978-1879321526.
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