Halcombe railway station
Halcombe railway station about 1878
- drawn by Edith Halcombe
General information
LocationNew Zealand
Coordinates40°08′46″S 175°29′41″E / 40.146058°S 175.49484°E / -40.146058; 175.49484
Elevation118 m (387 ft)
Line(s)North Island Main Trunk
DistanceWellington 165.73 km (102.98 mi)
History
Opened22 April 1878 (1878-04-22)[1]
Closed27 March 1983 (1983-03-27)[1]
ElectrifiedJune 1988
Services
Preceding station   Historical railways   Following station
Kakariki
Line open, station closed
5.48 km (3.41 mi)		   North Island Main Trunk
KiwiRail		   Maewa
Line open, station closed
7.12 km (4.42 mi)

Halcombe railway station was a station on the North Island Main Trunk (NIMT) in New Zealand, serving the village of Halcombe, in the Manawatū-Whanganui region.[2][3] It opened in 1878 and closed in 1983. Originally it was the main intermediate station on the 85 mi 34 ch (137.5 km) Whanganui to Foxton railway.[4] Only a single track remains through the station site,[5] as the passing loops here and at Kakariki were replaced by the Rangitawa loop, 3.03 km (1.88 mi) to the north,[2] on 14 December 1983.[6]

Halcombe in 1942 - Retrolens photo

History

The station had its first trains when the Feilding – Halcombe Section opened on Monday 22 April 1878.[7] When the Halcombe – Marton Section completed the railway, linking the ports of Foxton and Whanganui, on Monday 20 May 1878, the mayor of Palmerston North declared a public holiday.[8]

William Nicholson's contract for a 5th class station started on 17 January 1877 and was completed on 14 April 1877[9] for £157.5s.[10]

When it was decided that Halcombe should be the refreshment stop on the line, that original station was moved to Greatford and a much larger,[11] 104 ft (32 m) by 20 ft (6.1 m),[9] station was built[11] by J & C Bull. Their £2,845 9s 6d contract[12] got its final certificate on 23 August 1878 and was completed by 5 August 1879. To make way for expansion, the goods shed and loading bank were moved to a new site in 1881. By 1896 there was a special class station building,[9] including refreshment rooms, a kitchen, 180 ft (55 m) long passenger platform,[11] cart access to the platform, 40 ft (12 m) by 30 ft (9.1 m) goods shed, loading bank, cattle yards, stationmaster's house, urinals and a passing loop for 46 wagons. Two years later there were also sheep yards, a crane and a water service. Water tanks had been proposed in 1878, about 100 feet beyond the platform.[9] In 1910, after the NIMT opened, the need for more office accommodation was noted and a veranda[13] and longer platform were requested,[14] but rejected.[15] There was a Post Office at the station from 1895 to 1914.[9] A veranda was added in 1912[16] and was still in place in 1941.[17] Gangers houses were built in 1916 and a State house in 1955.[9]

An excursion train was derailed on the points at the station in 1902,[18] with its WD Class loco.[19][20]

Refreshment Rooms

From the start the choice of Halcombe, rather than Marton, for a refreshment stop had been criticised, by both Marton[21] and Palmerston North,[22] as had the route through Halcombe, rather than Sanson.[23] Initially the trains spent over 40 minutes at the refreshment stop,[24] but that was soon roughly halved.[25] The refreshment rooms were leased; for example, in 1883-4 the lease was £20 a year,[5] but only £12 in 1898.[26] In 1878 they were run by the Halcombe Hotel.[27] From Saturday 24 December 1898 they were replaced by rooms at Marton.[9]

Services

The line became part of the NIMT, when it fully opened in 1909, and Halcombe was one of the stopping points for Wellington to New Plymouth expresses in 1910[28] and in the 1940s.[29] In the 1920s the station was staffed by a grade 7 clerk.[30]

tickets sales 1880–1950 – derived from annual returns to Parliament of "Statement of Revenue for each Station for the Year ended"

Halcombe had its annual returns of traffic recorded, as did Greatford to the north and Feilding to the south.[31] Passenger numbers grew initially and during the World Wars, before tailing off towards 1950, as shown in the graph and table below.

year tickets season tickets staff ref.
1881 4870 4 [32]
1882 10056 4 [33]
1883 9875 4 [34]
1884 9606 4 [35]
1885 6374 3 [36]
1886 6204 3 [37]
1887 5527 3 [38]
1888 5217 3 [39]
1889 5328 1 2 [40]
1890 5564 3 3 [41]
1891 5918 3 3 [42]
1892 6021 7 3 [43]
1893 7017 15 3 [44]
1894 7361 9 3 [45]
1895 7193 3 3 [46]
1896 Page 11 missing
1897 5343 5 3 [47]
1898 5938 5 3 [48]
1899 5706 6 3 [49]
1900 5862 8 3 [50]
1901 Pages 30–35 missing
1902 7291 2 3 [51]
1903 8658 5 3 [52]
1904 8790 15 3 [53]
1905 8747 27 3 [54]
1906 9175 13 3 [55]
1907 9897 8 3 [56]
1908 9995 2 3 [57]
1909 9245 9 11 [58]
1910 9608 2 3 [59]
1911 8957 14 3 [60]
1912 9423 29 3 [61]
1913 9666 30 4 [62]
1914 9227 28 [63]
1915 9245 40 [64]
1916 8671 17 [65]
1917 8685 72 [66]
1918 10307 130 [67]
1919 11461 155 [68]
1920 11029 133 [69]
1921 12039 90 [70]
1922 9539 123 [71]
1923 8393 165 [72]
1924 7904 100 [73]
1925 6371 66 [74]
1926 6776 118 [75]
1927 5835 84 [76]
1928 4986 73 [77]
1929 4791 76 [78]
1930 4811 108 [79]
1931 6319 100 [80]
1932 6091 96 [81]
1933 6758 50 [82]
1934 6599 55 [83]
1935 7036 50 [84]
1936 7295 58 [85]
1937 7633 87 [86]
1938 7713 206 [87]
1939 6941 193 [88]
1940 7113 58 [89]
1941 8060 63 [90]
1942 8786 69 [91]
1943 9649 61 [92]
1944 9707 76 [93]
1945 8513 87 [94]
1946 8269 68 [95]
1947 7538 83 [96]
1948 6333 90 [97]
1949 5749 53 [98]
1950 5398 39 [99]

Engine shed

A large engine shed was built as part of the J & C Bull contract.[27] Nathan & Wilkie built an extra engine shed and coal store for £795.10.4 in 1878-79.[9] Initially a winch and chain was used to lift engines.[100] Another shed seems to have been added in 1894.[101]

Closure

From Saturday 6 December 1958 Halcombe was closed as an officered station. On Saturday 31 March 1962 the station building burnt down and a small storeroom was used as a temporary station. Removal of the goods shed and stockyards was approved in 1973.[9] Most of the station buildings had gone by 1974,[102] though in 1980 a station building, platform and loading bank remained. On Sunday 27 March 1983 the station closed to all traffic, but a service siding remained.[9]

References

  1. 1 2 Names & Opening & Closing Dates of Railway Stations in New Zealand by Juliet Scoble (2012)
  2. 1 2 New Zealand Railway and Tramway Atlas (First ed.). Quail Map Co. 1965. pp. 3 & 4.
  3. ↑ Pierre, Bill (1981). North Island Main Trunk. Wellington: A.H&A.W Reed. pp. 289–290. ISBN 0589013165.
  4. ↑ "WANGANUI CHRONICLE". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 21 August 1879. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
  5. 1 2 "Google Maps". Google Maps. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  6. ↑ "Juliet Scoble: Names & Opening & Closing Dates of Railway Stations in New Zealand" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  7. ↑ "PALMERSTON NORTH. WANGANUI HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 20 April 1878. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  8. ↑ "OPENING OF THE WANGANUI MANAWATU LINE. MANAWATU TIMES". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 22 May 1878. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Stations" (PDF). NZR Rolling Stock Lists. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  10. ↑ "SCHEDULE of CONTRACTS for the CONSTRUCTION of RAILWAYS from 1st July, 1876. to 30th June, 1877". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
  11. 1 2 3 "HALCOMBE. WANGANUI HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 25 January 1878. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  12. ↑ "SCHEDULE of CONTRACTS for the CONSTRUCTION of RAILWAYS from 1st July, 1877, to 30th June, 1878". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
  13. ↑ "HALCOMBE. MANAWATU STANDARD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 30 August 1910. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  14. ↑ "HALCOMBE NOTES. WANGANUI CHRONICLE". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 29 January 1908. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  15. ↑ Representatives, New Zealand Parliament House of (1910). Parliamentary Debates.
  16. ↑ "HALCOMBE. RANGITIKEI ADVOCATE AND MANAWATU ARGUS". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 20 November 1912. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  17. ↑ "Halcombe Railway Station in 1941". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  18. ↑ "RAILWAY MISHAP. WAIRARAPA DAILY TIMES". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 15 November 1902. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  19. ↑ "Train Derailment, Halcombe". manawatuheritage.pncc.govt.nz. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  20. ↑ "Train derailment at Halcombe". Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  21. ↑ "MARTON. WANGANUI CHRONICLE". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 24 April 1878. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  22. ↑ "PALMERSTON NORTH. WANGANUI HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 13 April 1878. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  23. ↑ "THE RAILWAY. WANGANUI HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 5 May 1877. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  24. ↑ "THE RAILWAY SERVICE. WANGANUI HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 30 March 1878. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  25. ↑ "WANGANUI CHRONICLE". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 21 August 1879. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  26. ↑ "AtoJs Online — Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives — 1898 Session I — D-11 RAILWAY REFRESHMENT-ROOMS (RENTS RECEIVED FOR)". atojs.natlib.govt.nz. 1898. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  27. 1 2 "HALCOMBE. WANGANUI HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 3 August 1878. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  28. ↑ "RAILWAY TIME-TABLES. DOMINION". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 28 March 1910. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  29. ↑ "PATEA MAIL". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 4 April 1941. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  30. ↑ "Railway Department Classification, 1923". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  31. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. Statement of Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1923". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  32. ↑ "RETURN No. 9. Statement of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Year ending 31st March, 1881". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  33. ↑ "RETURN No. 10. Statement of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Year ending 31st March, 1882". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  34. ↑ "RETURN No. 10. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1883". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  35. ↑ "RETURN No. 10. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Twelve Months ending 31st March, 1884". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  36. ↑ "RETURN No. 10. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Twelve Months ending 31st March, 1885". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  37. ↑ "RETURN No. 10. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Twelve Months ending 31st March, 1886". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  38. ↑ "RETURN No. 10. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Twelve Months ending 31st March, 1887". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  39. ↑ "RETURN No. 10. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Twelve Months ending 31st March, 1888". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  40. ↑ "RETURN No. 10. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Twelve Months ending 31st March, 1889". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  41. ↑ "RETURN No. 10. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Twelve Months ending 31st March, 1890". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  42. ↑ "RETURN No. 10. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Twelve Months ending 31st March, 1891". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  43. ↑ "RETURN No. 10. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Twelve Months ending 31st March, 1892". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  44. ↑ "RETURN No. 10. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Twelve Months ending 31st March, 1893". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  45. ↑ "RETURN No. 10. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Twelve Months ending 31st March, 1894". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  46. ↑ "RETURN No. 10. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Twelve Months ending 31st March, 1895". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  47. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1897". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  48. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1898". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  49. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1899". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  50. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1900". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  51. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1902". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  52. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1903". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  53. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1904". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  54. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1905". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  55. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1906". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  56. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1907". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  57. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1908". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  58. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1909". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  59. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1910". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  60. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1911". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  61. ↑ "RETURN No. 11". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  62. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. STATEMENT of Revenue and Expenditure of each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1913". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  63. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. Statement of Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1914". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  64. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. Statement of Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1915". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  65. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. Statement of Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1916". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  66. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. Statement of Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1917". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  67. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. Statement of Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1918". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  68. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. Statement of Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1919". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  69. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. Statement of Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1920". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  70. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. Statement of Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1921". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  71. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. Statement of Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1922". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  72. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. Statement of Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1923". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  73. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. Statement of Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1924". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  74. ↑ "RETURN No. 12. Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1925". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  75. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1926". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  76. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1927". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  77. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1928". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  78. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1929". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  79. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1930". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  80. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1931". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  81. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1932". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  82. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1933". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  83. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1934". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  84. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1935". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  85. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1936". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  86. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1937". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  87. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1938". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  88. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1939". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  89. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1940". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  90. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1941". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  91. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1942". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  92. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1943". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  93. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1944". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  94. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1945". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  95. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1946". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  96. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1947". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  97. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1948". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  98. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1949". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  99. ↑ "STATEMENT No. 18 Statement of Traffic and Revenue for each Station for the Year ended 31st March, 1950". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  100. ↑ "MANAWATU HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 1 April 1879. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  101. ↑ "NEW ZEALAND MAIL". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 12 January 1894. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  102. ↑ "Retrolens Survey Number: SN3720 Photo Number: 1". 28 March 1974.
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