Gunung Mas Regency
Kabupaten Gunung Mas
Regency
Duhung Roundabout in town of Kuala Kurun
Duhung Roundabout in town of Kuala Kurun
Coat of arms of Gunung Mas Regency
Coat of arms
Motto(s): 
"Habangkalan Penyang Karuhei Tatau"
Ngaju language: "Determination, passion, and effort to be prosperous"
Location within Central Kalimantan
Location within Central Kalimantan
Gunung Mas Regency is located in Kalimantan
Gunung Mas Regency
Gunung Mas Regency
Location in Kalimantan and Indonesia
Gunung Mas Regency is located in Indonesia
Gunung Mas Regency
Gunung Mas Regency
Gunung Mas Regency (Indonesia)
Coordinates: 0°57′00″S 113°30′00″E / 0.9500°S 113.5000°E / -0.9500; 113.5000
CountryIndonesia
ProvinceCentral Kalimantan
Regency seatKuala Kurun
Government
 • RegentJaya Samaya Monong
 • Vice RegentEfrensia Umbing
Area
 • Total4,171 sq mi (10,804 km2)
Population
 (mid 2022 estimate)
 • Total142,309
 • Density34/sq mi (13/km2)
 [1]
Time zoneUTC+7 (Western Indonesia Time)
Area code(+62) 537
HDI (2019)Increase 0.707 (High)
Websitegunungmaskab.go.id

Gunung Mas Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Gunung Mas) is one of the thirteen regencies of Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The regency seat is located at the town of Kuala Kurun in Kurun District. The population of Gunung Mas Regency was 96,900 at the 2010 census (an increase from 74,823 at the previous census in 2000);[2] and 135,373 at the 2020 census;[3] the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 142,309 (comprising 74,940 males and 67,369 females).[1]

The regency initially existed between 1965 and 1979, after which it was a district within Kapuas Regency. Its status as a separate regency was restored on 10 April 2002 following rapid decentralization and democratization after the fall of Suharto. The regency has the 5th highest Human Development Index in the province.

History

Etymology

The regency's name literally translates to "gold mountain".[4] The name originates the abundance of gold during the Dutch East Indies era, especially around the village of Sumur Mas, which name literally translates to "well of gold", while a nearby mountain is named "Gunung Mas".[5] Remains of the colonial era gold industry, such as abandoned factory chimneys and holes used to mine gold, can still be seen in the region today such .[5][6]

Due to its colonial origin, there have been calls to change the name of the regency,[6][4] such as by the local government, which argues that the name does not reflect the regency's motto, Habangkalan Penyang Karuhei Tatau, which is derived from the local Ngaju language and local wisdom.[6]

Creation

The regency was initially created on 1 October 1964 as Kahayan Hulu Administrative Regency, and was renamed Gunung Mas Administrative Regency on 1 May 1965. On 28 April 1979,the regency became a subdivision of the larger Kapuas Regency, while the title of its administrative head changed from a regent (bupati) to chief office of assistant for Gunung Mas region.[7]

In 1999, after Reformasi, the region became Kurun District (kecamatan).[7] Subsequently, demands were made by local figures, traditional Dayak chiefs, and residents of the region in the "Declaration by Gunung Mas Society" (Indonesian:Deklasari Masyarakat Gunung Mas).[7] The declaration resulted in three points, which:

  1. To acknowledge Wednesday the 21st of March 2001 as the birth date of Gunung Mas Regency with the regency seat in Kuala Kurun.
  2. To demand central government of Indonesia to proceed with the creation of the Gunung Mas Regency in accordance of the law.
  3. Other matters to fulfill the requirements for the establishment of a regency as written in the Government Regulation No. 129 of 2000 will be processed in the shortest possible time.[7]

The declaration was read on 21 March 2001, and as a result, the regency was formed on 10 April 2002 based on Law Number 5 of 2002.[7]

Governance

Local government

The Gunung Mas Regency is a second-level administrative division equivalent to a city, and is headed by a democratically elected regent. District heads are appointed directly by the regent on the recommendation of the regency secretary. Executive power lies with the regent and vice regent while legislative function is exercised by the regency's parliament.[8][9][10]

Politics

Together with Palangka Raya and Katingan Regency, the regency forms part of the 1st Central Kalimantan electoral district, electing 10 out of 45 representatives in the provincial parliament. At the local level, the regency is divided into three electoral districts which have a total of 25 representatives.[11]

Electoral districts Region Representatives
1st Gunung Mas Kurun, Mihing Raya, and Sepang District 8
2nd Gunung Mas Manuhing Raya, Manuhing, Rungan, West Rungan, and Rungan Hulu District 9
3rd Gunung Mas Damang Batu, North Kahayan Hulu, Miri Manasa, and Tewah District 8
Total 25

Administrative divisions

The regency is divided into 12 districts, listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010[2] and 2020[3] Censuses, together with the official estimates as at mid 2022.[1] Kurun, where the town of Kuala Kurun is located, is the regency's most populous district with 25.5% of regency's total population in 2022. The fastest growing district in 2021 was Mihing Raya with growth of 4.67% while the least was Miri Manasa with 1.27%. The most dense district is also Kurun, with density of 41.4 people per square kilometre in mid 2022, while the least dense was Miri Manasa with just 2.7 people per square kilometre. The gender ratio varies from district to district, from 116 males for every 100 females in Kahayan Hulu Utara to 107 males for every 100 females in Sepang. The statistics for all the districts are listed below.[12] The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the numbers of villages in each district (totaling 114 rural desa and 13 urban kelurahan), and its post codes.

Kode
Wilayah		 Name of
District
(kecamatan)		 Area
in
km2		 Pop'n
census
2010		 Pop'n
census
2020		 Pop'n
estimate
mid 2022		 Admin
centre		 No.
of
villages		 Post
codes
62.10.06Manuhing 1,113 7,288 11,278 12,013 Tumbang Talaken 12 74562
62.10.11Manuhing Raya 601 4,965 6,311 6,471 Tehang 6 74563
62.10.05Rungan 710 14,061 12,851 13,372 Jakatan Raya 14 74560
62.10.10Rungan Hulu 738 6,526 7,456 7,678 Tumbang Rahuyan 9 74561
62.10.12Rungan Barat
(West Rungan)		 391 [lower-alpha 1] 6,699 6,818 Ramambang 11 74561

[lower-alpha 2]

62.10.01Sepang 397 6,112 9,014 9,955 Sepang Simin 7 74570
62.10.07Mihing Raya 343 4,833 7,748 8,309 Kampuri 6 74571
62.10.02Kurun 876 21,825 33,617 36,249 Kuala Kurun 15 74511
62.10.03Tewah 1,079 16,679 22,028 22,776 Tewah 16 74552
62.10.04Kahayan Hulu Utara
(Upper North Kahayan}		 1,589 7,421 8,746 8,914 Tumbang Miri 12 74554
62.10.08Damang Batu 1,425 3,638 5,475 5,588 Tumbang Marikoi 8 74553
62.10.09Miri Manasa 1,542 3,642 4,150 4,166 Tumbang Napoi 11 74555
Totals 10,804 96,900 135,373 142,309 Kuala Kurun 127

The 13 kelurahan comprise the administrative centres of each of the districts, plus the further town of Tampang Tumbang Anjir in Kurun District.

Demographics

Religious Adherence in Gunung Mas Regency (2022)

  Protestant (64.94%)
  Islam (20.04%)
  Kaharingan/Hindu (12.76%)
  Catholic (2.21%)
  Buddhism, Confucianism, and others (0.05%)
Population growth
YearPop.±%
200076,067—    
200581,933+7.7%
201096,990+18.4%
2015109,947+13.4%
2020135,400+23.2%
Source:Central Bureau of Statistics[13][2][1]

As of 2022, the estimated population of Gunung Mas regency is 142,309 people which includes 74,940 male population and 67,369 female population. The sex ratio in Gunung Mas is roughly 111 which can be translated as there are 111 male population for a 100 female population. The population density of this regency on average is 13,2 people/km² with the highest density of 41,4 people/km² located in Kurun district and the lowest density of only 2,7 people/km² in Miri Manasa district.[1] The average rate of population growth of Gunung Mas Regency is ranging from 2% to 4% and as of 2022 the rate is about 2,9% from the number of the last census in 2020.

In terms of religious adherence, Gunung Mas Regency is the only regency in Central Kalimantan with predominant Christian population. Almost 68% of the population nominally claimed as Christians which consist of 65% claimed as Protestants and roughly 2% claimed as Roman Catholics. Islam comes the second after Christianity with only 20%. And the rest with rough 12% claimed as either Kaharingan believers, Hindus, Buddhists, and others.

Economy

In 2021, the regency had a total gross regional domestic product (GRDP) of 3,619 billion rupiahs. While the region's economy was historically centered around mining, especially that of gold,[6] the largest economic sector in the regency as of 2021 is agriculture and fisheries, making up 29.24% of the regency's GRDP, followed by construction with 11.89%, trade with 10.08%, and manufacturing with 8.25%.[12] The regency's agricultural output includes 100,347 tons of palm oil, 1,152 tons of rice, 5,004 quintals of durian, 414 quintals of mango, and 730 quintals of banana.[12] As of 2021, the fastest growing sector in the economy was internet and communication, with 18.43% growth, followed by electricity and gas with 15.59%, and healthcare with 9.71%.[12]

In 2021, the regency had 15 operating banks, and 218 registered cooperatives, an increase of 2.83% from the previous year.[12] In addition, the regency had a 2.49% unemployment rate and a 4.75% poverty rate in the same year.[12]

Infrastructure

Education

There are 382 kindergartens, 181 elementary schools, 60 junior high schools, 15 senior high schools and four vocational high schools in the regency as of 2021, as well as a special education school in Kurun.[12] The regency has no higher education institutions,[12] and the regency government frequently awards scholarships to students in the region to pursue higher education outside of the regency.[14] The regency has a literacy rate of 99.21%, slightly higher than in neighbouring regions.[12]

Kuala Kurun Regional Hospital

Healthcare

There are two hospitals, one polyclinic, 86 puskesmas, and seven pharmacies in the regency. The main hospital of the regency, Kuala Kurun Regional Hospital, is located in the town of Kuala Kurun and classified as C-class hospital by Ministry of Health.[15] The other hospital, Pratama Tumbang Talaken Hospital, is a private hospital located in Manuhing district and classified as D-class.[16] The regency had a life expectancy of 70.40 years in 2021, close to the national average.[12]

A bridge in Gunung Mas

Transportation

The regency is served by Sangkalemu Airport in Kuala Kurun, which has weekly scheduled flights to Banjarmasin.[17][18] The regency has a total road network length of 738.992 km (459.188 mi) and a road connection to Palangka Raya. The road to Palangka Raya is often in poor condition due to its use by overweight vehicles,[19] and frequently experiences traffic congestion.[20]

Others

The regency has 45 mosques, 252 churches, and 77 Balinese temples. Urban parks are found across the regency, most notably in Kuala Kurun.[21] In Kuala Kurun, the town park has shelter built for street vendors as part of relocation program by the government to reduce their presence in main roads.[22] There are 22 hotels registered in the regency, which more than half is located on Kurun District.[12]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Gunung Mas Regency in Figures, 2023". www.gumaskab.bps.go.id. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2023-10-17. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 "Gunung Mas Regency in Figures, 2011" (in Indonesian). Central Bureau of Statistics of Gunung Mas Regency. 2011. Archived from the original on 2022-07-23. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  3. 1 2 Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
  4. 1 2 Sholih, Mufti. "Sejarah Gunung Mas, Lokasi Ibu Kota Baru RI Pilihan Jokowi". tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-12-25.
  5. 1 2 "Ini Asal Mula Nama Gunung Mas". www.borneonews.co.id. Retrieved 2021-12-25.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Says, Dehon. "Nama Kabupaten 'Gunung Mas' Merupakan Pelecehan terhadap Identitas Dayak – IndependensI". Retrieved 2021-12-25.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Swastika, Hendra (2018-03-14). "Sejarah Singkat Pembentukan Kabupaten Gunung Mas". Pemerinthah Kabupaten Gunung Mas (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-12-26.
  8. ↑ "PP No. 17 Tahun 2018 tentang Kecamatan [JDIH BPK RI]". peraturan.bpk.go.id. Retrieved 2021-04-16.
  9. ↑ "UU 22 1999" (PDF).
  10. ↑ "Indonesia Regencies". www.statoids.com. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  11. ↑ "Keputusan KPU Nomor 284/PL.01.3-Kpt/06/KPU/IV/2018 tentang Penetapan Daerah Pemilihan dan Alokasi Kursi Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten/Kota di Wilayah Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah dalam Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2019" (PDF). KPU RI. 2018-04-04. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Gunung Mas". gumaskab.bps.go.id. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
  13. ↑ "Gunung Mas Regency in Figures, 2016" (in Indonesian). Central Bureau of Statistics of Gunung Mas. 2016. Archived from the original on 2022-08-05. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  14. ↑ Baritaitah.co.id. "Ada Beasiswa untuk Mahasiswa dari Gunung Mas, Ini Syarat dan Cara Pengajuannya". baritaitah.co.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-12-26.
  15. ↑ "Informasi SDM Kesehatan Nasional". bppsdmk.kemkes.go.id. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
  16. ↑ Iswanto (2019-05-14). "RS Pratama Tumbang Talaken, Untuk Menjamin Akses Layanan Kesehatan". Pemerintah Kabupaten Gunung Mas (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-12-26.
  17. ↑ Nadhira, Puti (2021-04-22). "Bandara Kuala Kurun Siapkan Lahan Kembangkan Bandara". Majalah Bandara (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-12-26.
  18. ↑ Febriyana, Wahyu. "Penerbangan Antara Kuala Kurun - Banjarmasin Bisa Terlaksana Tahun 2020". mmckalteng (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-12-26.
  19. ↑ "Kuwu Senilawati Dorong Perbaikan Kerusakan Ruas Jalan Palangka Raya – Gunung Mas". BeritaKalteng.Com (in Indonesian). 2021-11-12. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
  20. ↑ prokal.co. "Angkutan Berat Hancurkan Jalan Kuala Kurun-Palangka Raya". sampit.prokal.co (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-12-26.
  21. ↑ "Ratusan Warga Padati Taman Kota Kuala Kurun". www.borneonews.co.id. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  22. ↑ prokal.co. "Pedagang di Kuala Kurun Diminta Pandai Manfaatkan Fasilitas Jalur Hijau | Radar Sampit". sampit.prokal.co (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-12-27.

Notes

  1. ↑ The 2010 population of West Rungan is included in the figures for Rungan and Rungan Hulu Districts, from which it was split.
  2. ↑ Except for the village of Mangkawuk, which has a post code of 74562.

0°57′00″S 113°30′00″E / 0.9500°S 113.5000°E / -0.9500; 113.5000

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