Grevillea stenobotrya
Grevillea stenobotrya habit
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Grevillea
Species:
G. stenobotrya
Binomial name
Grevillea stenobotrya
Synonyms[1]

Grevillea livea Ewart & M.E.L.Archer
Grevillea simulans Morrison

Grevillea stenobotrya is a shrub or small tree in the family Proteaceae that is endemic to arid regions of Australia. Common names include rattle-pod grevillea, sandhill grevillea, sandhill oak and sandhill spider flower.[2][3]

Description

Plants typically grow to a height of 1.5 to 6 m (4 ft 11 in to 19 ft 8 in) and branch near the base[2] and have smooth grey coloured bark[4] and a rounded habit.[5] The evergreen leaves are green on top and silver underneath with a linear shape. The long and thin leaves are linear and entire, or occasionally divided with a length of 6 to 28 cm (2.4 to 11.0 in) and a width of 0.7 to 2.5 mm (0.028 to 0.098 in). Flowers are cream, pale yellow or pale pink.[6] These appear in clustered spikes at the end of branches between May and December in the species' native range.[6][7] The erect inflorescences are 8 to 25 cm (3.1 to 9.8 in) in length with multiple cylindrical to narrow-subconical branches with a cream to pale yellow coloured perianth that is sparsely silky on the outside and with erect hairs or glabrous on the inside.[2] The fruits which follow are hard, flattened and rounded and have a short beak.[7]

Taxonomy

The species was formally described in 1875 by Victorian Government Botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in the ninth volume of his Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae.[8] Mueller's description was based on plant material collected in the MacDonnell Ranges in central Australia during an expedition by Ernest Giles.[9] The specific epithet is derived from the Greek words stenos (narrow) and botrys (bunch of grapes).[10][11] It occurs in red sandhill country in association with other shrub and Triodia species.[6] The Australian Plant Census lists two synonyms; Grevillea simulans Morrison (1912) and Grevillea livea Ewart & M.E.L.Archer (1917).[1]

Distribution

In Western Australia the plant is found in the Gascoyne, Pilbara, north-eastern Mid West, south Kimberley and north-eastern Goldfields regions. It is found as far west as Denham to between Port Hedland and Broome in the north and down to around the Great Victoria Desert in the south. The range extends as far east as the border with the Northern Territory and South Australia. It is commonly found situated on sand dunes growing in red sandy soils.[11] It is also found in central and southern parts of the Northern Territory[4] and northern parts of South Australia on sand flats, sand dunes and swales where it is can be a dominant or co-dominant plant in sclerophyllous woodland or shrubland communities.[12] The range extends into south western parts of Queensland and north western parts of New South Wales in the east. In New South Wales it is confined to a small area around Tibooburra where it is situated in sandhill country usually on or near the crests of active or stable dunes as a part of shrubland and Triodia communities.[2]

Cultivation

The plant is available commercially is seed form and is suitable for arid areas and can be used as a screen or hedge which will flower in winter and spring. It prefers an open sunny position in a well drained soil and is frost and drought tolerant. It is unsuitable for wet or humid areas.[5]

Other uses

Indigenous Australians used the leaves for medicinal purposes and the seeds as a food source. The dried seed pods were also used for rattles as part of ceremonial processes.[4]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Grevillea stenobotrya". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Makinson, R.O. "Grevillea stenobotrya F.Muell". PlantNET - New South Wales Flora Online. Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney Australia. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  3. ↑ "Grevillea stenobotrya F.Muell. Rattle-Pod Grevillea". Atlas of Living Australia. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 "Rattlepod Grevillea". Alice Springs Desert Park. Northern Territory Government. 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  5. 1 2 "Gevillea stenobotrya Sandhill Spider Flower". Australian Seed. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  6. 1 2 3 "Grevillea stenobotrya". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  7. 1 2 G.M. Cunningham; W.E. Mulham; P.L. Milthorpe; J.H. Leigh (28 July 2011). Plants of Western New South Wales. CSIRO Publishing. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-643-10363-4. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  8. ↑ "Grevillea stenobotrya". APNI. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  9. ↑ von Mueller, Ferdinand (1875). Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. Vol. 9. Victoria: Victorian Government Printer. p. 3. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  10. ↑ Sharr, Francis Aubi; George, Alex (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings (3rd ed.). Kardinya, WA: Four Gables Press. p. 313. ISBN 9780958034180.
  11. 1 2 "Grevillea stenobotrya F.Muell". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  12. ↑ "Grevillea stenobotrya". Electronic Flora of South Australia species Fact Sheet. Government of South Australia. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
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