Greta Fryxell
Born
Greta Albrecht

November 21, 1926
Princeton, New Jersey
DiedSeptember 24, 2017(2017-09-24) (aged 90)
Claremont, California
Alma materTexas A&M University
Scientific career
ThesisMorphology, taxonomy, and distribution of selected diatom species of Thalassiosira Cleve in the Gulf of Mexico and Antarctic waters (1975)
Doctoral advisorSayed El-Sayed

Greta Albrecht Fryxell (November 21, 1926 – September 24, 2017) was a marine scientist known for her work on the biology and taxonomy of diatoms. In 1996, she was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Education and career

Fryxell graduated summa cum laude from Augustana College in 1948 and then taught in junior high schools in Iowa. She was one of the first women admitted to Texas A&M University where she first earned a masters in education in 1969.[1] In 1975, she earned her Ph.D. from Texas A&M University working on the taxonomy of select diatoms.[2] Fryxell worked at Texas A&M University and the University of Texas at Austin.[3][4]

Research

Fryxell is known for her research on phytoplankton, especially diatoms, where she combined investigations of laboratory cultures with samples collected from a variety of locations including the North Atlantic,[5] Gulf of Mexico,[6] and Antarctica.[1] She established a framework for phytoplankton taxonomy and, on her 70th birthday, the Fryxelliella genus of diatoms was named after her to acknowledge her work on diatom taxonomy and biology.[7][8]

In 1970, Fryxell worked with Grethe Rytter Hasle to describe a means to prepare diatom samples for microscopy.[9] They would go on to jointly publish many species descriptions [10][11][12] As a part of her graduate work with Sayed El-Sayed, Fryxell described the diatoms in a sample collected by the Shackelton expedition on 20 August 1908; the sample was collected from 50 to 80 fathoms near Cape Royds, Ross Island.[13] She has described chain-forming diatoms[14] and the evolution of diatoms.[15] In the North Atlantic Ocean, she examined diatoms in Gulf Stream warm core rings [16][17][18] and how the warm core rings alter the distribution of diatoms.[19] In Antarctica, she examined phytoplankton found in Antarctic pack ice.[20][21] Fryxell's research includes investigations into multiple species of Pseudo-nitzschia,[22] and their role in toxin production in the Gulf of Mexico[23] and the west coast of the United States.[24][25] She has also worked on diatoms that produce domoic acid.[26]

Selected publications

Awards and honors

In 1997, the Genus Fryxelliella was named in honor of Fryxell's work on diatoms.[28][29] Other phytoplankton named after Fryxell include Actinocyclus fryxelliae Barron,[30] Poloniasira fryxelliana I. Kaczmarska & J.M. Ehrman,[31] and Thalassiosira fryxelliae.[32] In 1988, she received the Provasoli Award[33] of the Phycological Society of America for a paper she co-authored with A. Michelle Wood and Russell Lande.[34] In 1996, she received the Phycological Society of America's Award of Excellence.[35][3] She also received a Distinguished Achievement Award in Research from Texas A&M's Former Students' Association (1991)[36] and was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1996.[37][38] In 2008, there was a festschrift in her honor.[39][40][41]

Personal life

She married the botanist Paul Fryxell in 1947.[1] Three of her children contributed to the 2008 festschrift in her honor: Karl J Fryxell, Joan E. Fryxell, and Glen E. Fryxell.[4]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Medlin, Linda K. (2018-01-02). "Obituary – Greta A. Fryxell". Diatom Research. 33 (1): 123–133. Bibcode:2018DiaRe..33..123M. doi:10.1080/0269249X.2017.1419988. ISSN 0269-249X. S2CID 90844546.
  2. ↑ Fryxell, Greta A (1975). Morphology, taxonomy, and distribution of selected diatom species of Thalassiosira Cleve in the Gulf of Mexico and Antarctic waters (Thesis). OCLC 42675078.
  3. 1 2 "NEWS FROM The University of Texas at Austin MARINE SCIENCE INSTITUTE". The Lazarette Gazette. Vol. 5, no. 12. 23 August 1996. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
  4. 1 2 "Greta Fryxell Honored". Phycological Society of America. September 1, 2008. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
  5. ↑ Fryxell, G.A.; Gould, R.W.; Watkins, T.P. (1984). "Gelatinous colonies of the diatom Thalassiosira in Gulf Stream Warm Core Rings including T. fragilis , sp. nov". British Phycological Journal. 19 (2): 141–156. doi:10.1080/00071618400650151. ISSN 0007-1617.
  6. ↑ Dortch, Q; Robichaux, R; Pool, S; Milsted, D; Mire, G; Rabalais, NN; Soniat, TM; Fryxell, GA; Turner, RE; Parsons, Ml (1997). "Abundance and vertical flux of Pseudo-nitzschia in the northern Gulf of Mexico". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 146: 249–264. Bibcode:1997MEPS..146..249D. doi:10.3354/meps146249. ISSN 0171-8630.
  7. ↑ Prasad, A. K. S. K.; Riddle, K. A.; Livingston, R. J. (1997-07-01). "Fine structure, taxonomy, and systematics of the centric diatom Fryxelliella gen. nov. (Eupodiscaceae, Bacillariophyta) having a new valve structure, the circumferential marginal tube, with descriptions of F. floridana sp. nov. and F. inconspicua (Rattray) comb. nov". Phycologia. 36 (4): 305–323. Bibcode:1997Phyco..36..305P. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-36-4-305.1. ISSN 0031-8884.
  8. ↑ "Fantastic Voyage" (PDF). Texas A&M Foundation. Spring 2002. pp. 6–7. Retrieved October 30, 2021. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
  9. ↑ Hasle, Grethe R.; Fryxell, Greta A. (1970). "Diatoms: Cleaning and Mounting for Light and Electron Microscopy". Transactions of the American Microscopical Society. 89 (4): 469. doi:10.2307/3224555. JSTOR 3224555.
  10. ↑ Fryxell, Greta A.; Hasle, Grethe R. (1972). "Thalassiosira Eccentrica(Ehrenb.) Cleve,T. Symmetricasp. Nov., and Some Related Centric Diatoms1". Journal of Phycology. 8 (4): 297–317. Bibcode:1972JPcgy...8..297F. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1972.tb04044.x. S2CID 86683111.
  11. ↑ Fryxell, G. A.; Hasle, G. R. (1979). "The genus Thalassiosira: species with internal extensions of the strutted processes". Phycologia. 18 (4): 378–393. Bibcode:1979Phyco..18..378F. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-18-4-378.1. ISSN 0031-8884.
  12. ↑ Fryxell, G. A.; Hasle, G. R. (1980). "The Marine Diatom Thalassiosira Oestrupii: Structure, Taxonomy and Distribution". American Journal of Botany. 67 (5): 804–814. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1980.tb07709.x. ISSN 1537-2197.
  13. ↑ Fryxell, Greta A.; El-Sayed, Sayed Z. (1976). "Diatoms in a Phytoplankton Sample fran the Shackleton South Pole Expedition". Antarctic Journal of the United States. National Science Foundation, [Division of Polar Programs. 10 (1): 33–36.
  14. ↑ Fryxell, Greta A. (1978). "Chain-Forming Diatoms: Three Species of Chaetoceraceae1,2". Journal of Phycology. 14 (1): 62–71. Bibcode:1978JPcgy..14...62F. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1978.tb00633.x. S2CID 83856728.
  15. ↑ Fryxell, Greta A. (1983). "New Evolutionary Patterns in Diatoms". BioScience. 33 (2): 92–98. doi:10.2307/1309170. JSTOR 1309170.
  16. ↑ Fryxell, Greta A.; Gould, R. W.; Balmori, E. Rocio; Theriot, E. C. (1985). "Gulf Stream warm core rings: phytoplankton in two fall rings of different ages". Journal of Plankton Research. 7 (3): 339–364. doi:10.1093/plankt/7.3.339. ISSN 0142-7873.
  17. ↑ Joyce, Terrence; Backus, Richard; Baker, Karen; Blackwelder, Patricia; Brown, Otis; Cowles, Timothy; Evans, Robert; Fryxell, Greta; Mountain, David; Olson, Donald; Schlitz, Ronald (1984). "Rapid evolution of a Gulf Stream warm-core ring". Nature. 308 (5962): 837–840. Bibcode:1984Natur.308..837J. doi:10.1038/308837a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4333694.
  18. ↑ Gould Jr., R. W.; Balmori, E. R.; Fryxell, G. A. (1986). "Multivariate statistics applied to phytoplankton data from two Gulf Stream warm core rings1: Warm core ring phytoplankton". Limnology and Oceanography. 31 (5): 951–968. doi:10.4319/lo.1986.31.5.0951.
  19. ↑ Kaczmarska, Irena; Fryxell, Greta A.; Watkins, T.Phillip (1986). "Effect of two Gulf Stream warm-core rings on distribution patterns of the diatom genus Nitzschia". Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers. 33 (11–12): 1843–1868. Bibcode:1986DSRA...33.1843K. doi:10.1016/0198-0149(86)90082-8.
  20. ↑ Garrison, David L.; Buck, Kurt R.; Fryxell, Greta A. (1987). "Algal Assemblages in Antarctic Pack Ice and in Ice-Edge Plankton1". Journal of Phycology. 23 (4): 564–572. Bibcode:1987JPcgy..23..564G. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1987.tb04206.x. ISSN 1529-8817. S2CID 86799187.
  21. ↑ Fryxell, Greta A.; Kendrick, Gary A. (1988). "Austral spring microalgae across the Weddell Sea ice edge: spatial relationships found along a northward transect during AMERIEZ 83". Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers. 35 (1): 1–20. Bibcode:1988DSRA...35....1F. doi:10.1016/0198-0149(88)90054-4.
  22. ↑ Lundholm, Nina; Hasle, Grethe Rytter; Fryxell, Greta A.; Hargraves, Paul E. (2002-09-01). "Morphology, phylogeny and taxonomy of species within the Pseudo-nitzschia americana complex (Bacillariophyceae) with descriptions of two new species, Pseudo-nitzschia brasiliana and Pseudo-nitzschia linea". Phycologia. 41 (5): 480–497. Bibcode:2002Phyco..41..480L. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-41-5-480.1. ISSN 0031-8884. S2CID 85308820.
  23. ↑ Dickey, Robert W.; Fryxell, Greta A.; Granade, H.Ray; Roelke, Daniel (1992). "Detection of the marine toxins okadaic acid and domoic acid in shellfish and phytoplankton in the Gulf of Mexico". Toxicon. 30 (3): 355–359. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(92)90877-8. PMID 1529467.
  24. ↑ Buck, Kr; Uttal-Cooke, L; Pilskaln, Ch; Roelke, Dl; Villac, Mc; Fryxell, Ga; Cifuentes, L; Chavez, Fp (1992). "Autecology of the diatom Pseudonitzschia australis, a domoic acid producer, from Monterey Bay, California" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 84: 293–302. Bibcode:1992MEPS...84..293B. doi:10.3354/meps084293. ISSN 0171-8630.
  25. ↑ Fryxell, Greta A.; Villac, M. Célia; Shapiro, Lynda P. (1997). "The occurrence of the toxic diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) on the West Coast of the USA, 1920–1996: a review". Phycologia. 36 (6): 419–437. Bibcode:1997Phyco..36..419F. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-36-6-419.1. ISSN 0031-8884.
  26. ↑ Villac, M.C.; Roelke, D.L.; Villareal, T.A.; Fryxell, G.A. (1993). "Comparison of two domoic acid-producing diatoms: a review". Hydrobiologia. 269–270 (1): 213–224. doi:10.1007/BF00028020. ISSN 0018-8158. S2CID 20818.
  27. ↑ International Plant Names Index.  G.A.Fryxell.
  28. ↑ Prasad, A. K. S. K.; Riddle, K. A.; Livingston, R. J. (1997-07-01). "Fine structure, taxonomy, and systematics of the centric diatom Fryxelliella gen. nov. (Eupodiscaceae, Bacillariophyta) having a new valve structure, the circumferential marginal tube, with descriptions of F. floridana sp. nov. and F. inconspicua (Rattray) comb. nov". Phycologia. 36 (4): 305–323. Bibcode:1997Phyco..36..305P. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-36-4-305.1. ISSN 0031-8884.
  29. ↑ Aké-Castillo, José Antolín; DEL CASTILLO, MARÍA ESTHER MEAVE; ZAMUDIO-RESENDIZ, MARÍA EUGENIA (7 February 2014). "Nomenclatural priority of the diatom name Fryxelliella sepulvedana over Fryxelliella pacifica (Triceratiaceae, Bacillariophyta)". Phytotaxa. 159 (1): 11. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.159.1.2. ISSN 1179-3163. S2CID 55304368.
  30. ↑ Baldauf, J. G.; Barron, J. A. (1991). "Diatom biostratigraphy: Kerguelen Plateau and Prydz Bay regions of the Southern Ocean". Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. 119: 547–598.
  31. ↑ "Poloniasira fryxelliana Kaczmarska and Ehrman, a new thalassiosiroid diatom (Bacillariophyta) from the Lower Ologocene diatomites in Polish Flysch Carpathians, southern Poland". Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia. 133: 217–230.
  32. ↑ Sunesen, Inés; Sar, Eugenia A. (2004-07-12). "Thalassiosira fryxelliae nov. spec. (Bacillariophyceae) from Argentinian coastal waters". Botanica Marina. 47 (3): 238–247. doi:10.1515/BOT.2004.025. S2CID 86200784.
  33. ↑ "Provasoli Award". Phycological Society of America. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
  34. ↑ Wood, A. Michelle; Lande, Russell; Fryxell, Greta A. (1987). "Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Morphological Variation in an Antarctic Diatom Grown at Two Light Intensities1". Journal of Phycology. 23 (2): 42–54. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1987.tb04425.x. ISSN 1529-8817. S2CID 85666613.
  35. ↑ "Award of Excellence". Phycological Society of America. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
  36. ↑ "Greta Fryxell '69". www.aggienetwork.com. 1991. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
  37. ↑ "Historic Fellows | American Association for the Advancement of Science". www.aaas.org. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
  38. ↑ University of Texas Marine Science Institute (1996-11-08). "Greta Fryxell named AAAS Fellow". Lazarette Gazette. 5 (15): 8. doi:10.15781/T2125QB42.
  39. ↑ Phytoplankton evolution, taxonomy and ecology. Linda Karen Medlin, Gregory J. Doucette, Maria Célia Villac. Berlin: J. Cramer. 2008. ISBN 978-3-443-51055-8. OCLC 213446835.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  40. ↑ Zingone, A. (2008-09-22). "Phytoplankton Evolution, Taxonomy and Ecology". Journal of Plankton Research. 31 (1): 119–120. doi:10.1093/plankt/fbn106. ISSN 0142-7873.
  41. ↑ "Festschrift surprises Fryxell '48" (PDF). Augustana Magazine. Summer 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-30. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
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