Hellenic Police
Ελληνική Αστυνομία
Elliniki Astynomia
AbbreviationΕΛΑΣ
Agency overview
Formed1 November 1984 (1984-11-01)
Preceding agencies
Jurisdictional structure
National agencyGreece
Operations jurisdictionGreece
Governing bodyGovernment of Greece
Constituting instrument
  • Law 1481/1-10-1984
General nature
Operational structure
Overviewed byMinistry of Citizen Protection
HeadquartersAthens, Greece
Sworn members65,000
Agency executive
Website
www.astynomia.gr

The Hellenic Police (Greek: Ελληνική Αστυνομία, Ellinikí Astynomía, abbreviated ΕΛ.ΑΣ.) is the national police service and one of the three security forces of Greece. It is a large agency with responsibilities ranging from road traffic control to counter-terrorism. Police Lieutenant General Lazaros Mavropoulos[1][2] currently serves as Chief of the Hellenic Police. He replaced Konstantinos Skoumas.[3] The Hellenic Police force was established in 1984 under Law 1481/1-10-1984 (Government Gazette 152/A/8-10-1984) as the result of the fusion of the Gendarmerie (Χωροφυλακή, Chorofylakí, 1833-1984) and the Cities Police (Αστυνομία Πόλεων, Astynomía Póleon, 1921-1984) forces.[4]

According to Law 2800/2000, the Hellenic Police is a security organ whose primary aims are:

  • Ensuring peace and order as well as citizens' unhindered social development, a mission that includes general policing duties and traffic safety.
  • Prevention and suppression of crime as well as protecting the state and its democratic form of government within the framework of the constitutional order, a mission which includes the implementation of public and state security policy.
  • Prevent illegal entry and exit of foreigners in and out of Greece and control of compliance with the provisions related to the entry, exit, residence and work of foreigners in the country, a mission that includes the implementation of foreigners and border protection policy duties.

The Hellenic Police is constituted along central and regional lines. The force takes direction from the Minister for Citizen Protection.

Structure

Overview

The Hellenic Police force[5][6] is headed in a de jure sense by the Minister for Citizen Protection, however, although the Minister sets the general policy direction of Greece's stance towards law and order as a whole, the Chief of Police is the day-to-day head of the force. Underneath the Chief of Police is the Deputy Chief of Police whose role is largely advisory, though in the event of the Chief of Police being unable to assume his duties the Deputy Chief will take over as the interim head. Regular meetings are also held with the Council of Planning and Crisis Management who are drawn from the heads of the main divisions of the police force and raise relevant issues with the Chief of Police him/herself. Underneath the Deputy Chief of Police is the Head of Staff, who, in addition to acting as 'Principal' of the Police Academy, heads the Security and Order Branch, Administrative Support Branch and Economical-Technical and Information Support Branch. Equal in rank to the Head of Staff are the General Inspectors of Southern and Northern Greece, who have under their jurisdiction the regional services of both these divisions. The Security and Order Branch is by far the most important, and includes the General Police Division, the Public Security Division and the State Security Division, among others.

Attica General Police Directorate (GADA).

Regional jurisdiction

Greece is divided into two sectors for policing, both headed by an Inspector General. These sectors both contain several regions, headed by an Inspector General.

Northern Greece

Southern Greece

Greek police helicopter
Men of the Units for the Reinstatement of Order (MAT)

Special services

The Hellenic Police force has several special services divisions under the authority of the Chief of Police and working in conjunction with regional and other police sectors where necessary, these are as follows:

  • Crime Prevention and Suppression Groups (Ο.Π.Κ.Ε. - Ομάδες Πρόληψης και Καταστολής Εγκλήματος - Omades Prolipsis kai Katastolis Egklimatos)
  • Cyber Crime Division (ΔΙ.Δ.Η.Ε. - Διεύθυνση Δίωξης Ηλεκτρονικού Εγκλήματος - Dieufthinsi Dioxis Ilektronikou Egklimatos)
  • Special Violent Crime Squad (Δ.Α.Ε.Ε.Β. - Διεύθυνση Αντιμετώπισης Ειδικών Εγκλημάτων Βίας - Dieufthinsi Antimetopisis Eidikon Egklimaton Vias)
  • Forensic Science Division (Δ.Ε.Ε. - Διεύθυνση Εγκληματολογικών Ερευνών - Dieufthinsi Egklimatologikon Ereunon)
  • Division of Internal Affairs (Δ.Ε.Υ. - Διεύθυνση Εσωτερικών Υποθέσεων - Dieufthinsi Esoterikon Hypotheseon)
  • International Police Cooperation Division (Δ.Δ.Α.Σ. - Διεύθυνση Διεθνούς Αστυνομικής Συνεργασίας - Dieufthinsi Diethnous Astynomikis Synergasias)
  • Informatics Division (Διεύθυνση Πληροφορικής - Dieufthinsi Plirophorikis)
  • Special Suppressive Antiterrorist Unit (E.K.A.M. - Ειδική Κατασταλτική Αντιτρομοκρατική Μονάδα - Eidiki Katastaltiki Antitromokratiki Monada)
  • Department of Explosive Devices Disposal (Τ.Ε.Ε.Μ. - Τμήμα Εξουδετέρωσης Εκρηκτικών Μηχανισμών - Tmima Exoudeterosis Ekriktikon Mechanismon)
  • Hellenic Police Air Force Service (Υ.Ε.Μ.Ε.Α. - Υπηρεσία Εναερίων Μέσων Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας - Hypiresia Enaerion Meson Hellinikis Astynomias)
  • Zeta Group (motorcycle police) (ΖΗΤΑ - Omada Zeta)
  • Groups of Bicycle-mounted Police (motorcycle police) (ΔΙ.ΑΣ. - Ομάδες Δίκυκλης Αστυνόμευσης - Omades Dicyclis Astynomeusis)
  • Action Group (motorcycle police) (Ομάδα Δράση - Omada Drasi, former Force of Control Fast Confrontation - Δ.ΕΛ.Τ.Α. - Δύναμη Ελέγχου Ταχείας Αντιμετώπισης - Dynami Elenchou Tachias Antimetopisis)
  • Special Guards (Ειδικοί Φρουροί - Eidikoi Frouroi)
  • Border Guards (Συνοριοφύλακες - Synoriophylakes)
  • Traffic Police (also known as Road Traffic Police) (Τροχαία - Trochaia)
  • Units for the Reinstatement of (Public) Order (Riot Police, or Police Riot Units) (M.A.T. - Μονάδες Αποκατάστασης Τάξης - Monades Apokatastasis Taxis)
  • Group of Police Dogs (Ομάδα Αστυνομικών Σκύλων - Omada Astynomikon Skylon)[7]
  • University Institutions Protection Groups (O.Π.Π.Ι - Ομάδες Προστασίας Πανεπιστημιακών Ιδρυμάτων - Omades Prostasias Panepistimiakon Idrimaton)[8][9]
  • Tourist Police (Τουριστική Αστυνομία - Touristiki Astynomia). With the law 6450/1935, Government Gazette 14/A/13-1-1935, was founded the Tourist Police Directorate (Διεύθυνση Τουριστικής Αστυνομίας)[10][11] which initially was Directorate of the Greek National Tourism Organization (EOT) having police officers from Hellenic Gendarmerie and the Cities Police. The Tourist Police Directorate of EOT was abolished by the Mandatory Law 297/1968, Government Gazette 38/A/22-2-1968, replacing by two Tourist Police directorates, one of the Hellenic Gendarmerie Headquarters and one of the Cities Police Headquarters respectively. With the law 1481/1984, Government Gazette 152/A/8-10-1984, the Tourist Police was abolished and its services assigned to the local police stations and units making in-house tourist offices in which were abolished thereafter by the Presidential Decree 508/1989, Government Gazette 216/A/3-10-1989. In 1993 Tourist Police re-founded. With the articles 101 and 105 of the Presidential Decree 7/2017, Government Gazette 14/A/9-2-2017, created the Stations and Units of the Tourist Police at the Hellenic Police Directorates at several prefectures.[12][13]

Personnel

Ranks of the Hellenic Police Force

Ranks and insignia of the Hellenic Police Force[14]
Title Police Lieutenant General Police Major General Police Brigadier General Police Director Police Deputy Director Police Major Police Captain Police Lieutenant Police Second Lieutenant Police Warrant Officer Police Master Sergeant

(Investigative Duty - with promotion exam)

 Police Sergeant

(Investigative Duty)

 Police Sergeant

(non-Investigative Duty)

 Senior Constable

(Investigative Duty)

 Senior Constable

(non-Investigative Duty)

 Constable
Greek title ΑντιστράτηγοςΥποστράτηγοςΤαξίαρχοςΑστυνομικός ΔιευθυντήςΑστυνομικός ΥποδιευθυντήςΑστυνόμος Α΄Αστυνόμος Β΄Υπαστυνόμος Α΄Υπαστυνόμος B΄ΑνθυπαστυνόμοςΑρχιφύλακας (Ανακριτικός Υπάλληλος - Με εξετάσεις)Αρχιφύλακας (Ανακριτικός Υπάλληλος)Αρχιφύλακας

(Μη ανακριτικός υπάλληλος)

 Υπαρχιφύλακας (Ανακριτικός Υπάλληλος)Υπαρχιφύλακας

(Μη ανακριτικός υπάλληλος)

 Αστυφύλακας
Insignia
Hellenic Police ranks and insignia, 1985[4]-1986[15]
Title Police Lieutenant General Police Major General Police Director Police Deputy Director Police Major Police Captain Police Lieutenant Police Warrant Officer Police Sargeant Constable
Greek title Αντιστράτηγος Υποστράτηγος Αστυνομικός Διευθυντής Αστυνομικός Υποδιευθυντής Αστυνόμος Α΄ Αστυνόμος Β΄ Υπαστυνόμος Ανθυπαστυνόμος Αρχιφύλακας Αστυφύλακας
Insignia

History

19th century

Gendarmes in Chalcis, 1835

Though there was what constituted a police force under the provisional Government of Greece during the Greek War of Independence, the first organized police force in Greece was the Greek Gendarmerie which was established in 1833 after the enthronement of King Otho. It was at that time formally part of the army and under the authority of the Defence Ministry (later the entirety of the organization including the Police Academy was brought under its authority). A city police force was also established but its role remained a secondary one in comparison to the Army's role (mainly dealing with illegal gambling, a severe problem at the time), several foreign advisers (particularly from Bavaria, which emphasized elements of centralization and authoritarianism), were also brought in to provide training and tactical advice to the newly formed Police force. The main task of the police force under the army as a whole during this period was firstly to combat theft but also to contribute to the establishment of a strong executive government.

The army's links to the police and the nature of the structure of the police force and its hierarchy (that of being similar to the army) was maintained throughout the 19th century for a number of reasons. Largely the socio-political unrest that characterized the period including disproportionate poverty, governmental oppression, sporadic rebellions and political instability. As a result of this, as well as the input of the armed forces, the police force remained a largely conservative body throughout the period, there was also a certain amount of politicization during training as the police force were trained in military camps.

20th century

Road traffic policeman of the Cities Police in 1960

In 1906 the Greek police force underwent its first major restructuring at an administrative level. It acquired its own educational and training facilities independent of those of the army (though still remaining titularly part of the armed forces). Despite this the Gendarmerie still maintained a largely military based structured based on its involvement in the Macedonian Struggle, and the Balkan and First World Wars, as a result it tended to neglect civilian matters and was partially unresponsive to the needs of Greek society at the time. However, together with the establishment of a civilian city police force for Athens in 1920 (which would eventually be expanded to the entire country), it set a precedent for further change that came in 1935 because of rapid technological, demographic and economic changes which helped it to become more responsive to civilian policing needs of the time.

However, modernization of the police force was stunted by the successive periods of political instability. The dictatorship of Ioannis Metaxas, compounded with both the Second World War and the Greek Civil War led to a retardation of reform throughout the late 1930s and early to mid-1940s. After the war however, British experts were brought in to help reform the police along the lines of the British Police, as a result, after 1946 the police force ceased to be a part of the Defence Ministry, however even then it did not abandon its military features and was still prevalently a military based institution. The Civil war of the period also contributed to excesses on both sides (government forces and the guerillas of the communist led Democratic Army of Greece),[16] torture and abuse of human rights were widespread especially during the early periods of the war when parts of the country where in a state of near lawlessness. Despite this, after the war the police force did reach a respectable level of civilian policing throughout the mid-1960s which was stunted by the rise to power of the Military dictatorship of the Colonels from 1967 to 1974 where it was largely employed as a method of quelling popular discontent along with the newly established Greek Military Police force of the dictatorship.

After the fall of the Colonels the Greek Military Police was eventually disbanded and Greece became a Republic. Despite strong opposition from the Gendarmerie, in 1984 both the city police and the Gendarmerie were merged into a single unified Greek Police Force which maintained elements of a military structure and hierarchy. Because of the long tradition of militaristic elements within the structure of the police even the Council of State of Greece ruled that the police should be regarded as a military body and that members are not civilians but members of the military engaged in a wider role together with the Armed Forces to supplement the Army in defence of the homeland. This has however in recent years been relegated to policing duties such as border patrols and combating illegal immigration and is not reflective of any de facto military duties outside of that of a defensive role in the event of an invasion. Today the Greek Police assist in training various emerging Eastern European and African police forces and Greece has one of the lowest crime rates within the European Union.

Social service

Police station in Nafplio

Since 2012, the Hellenic Police has operated the CyberKid website and an eponymous mobile application, which aims to provide useful information to children using the internet and their parents.[17] In 2013, the Cyber Crime Unit of the Hellenic Police, under the auspices of the Ministry of Citizen Protection, organised a number of conferences[18][19] to inform kids and parents about the dangers that a child can have while using the internet.[20][21]

A significant part of the training for all officers is protection and safeguarding of children, and any form of child abuse is faced with a "Zero Tolerance" policy.

Additionally, the Hellenic Police has shown active support to the Children's Smile (Greek: Το Χαμόγελο του Παιδιού) non-profit organization, via a financial donation[22] and the assurance that the agency was, is, and will remain "for life" an active supporter of the organization.

A free of charge digital application called Panic Button,[23][24][25][26][27][28] which operates 24 hours a day, was introduced in Attica and Thessaloniki on 27 March 2023. Installed on smartphones, its aim is to allow police to immediately intervene in incidents of domestic violence against women.[29][30] By pressing a button, it automatically sends a short text message to the police or another special service, and it locates where the user is through the phone's Global Positioning System (GPS). The application can be provided by Hellenic Police departments, the Offices to Manage Domestic Violence in Athens and Thessaloniki, and counseling centers of the network under the General Secretariat of Demographic and Family Policy and Equality of the Sexes at the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs in Attica and Thessaloniki. Currently, only females living in the Region of Attica and the Region of Thessaloniki are eligible for registration.

Current issues

There are several current issues affecting the police in Greece today. Of particular importance is the rise in drug related crimes, sometimes attributed to increased immigration from Albania and other former Eastern Bloc countries. This has particularly affected Athens (and in particular, Omonoia Square), which has become a central point for drug-related activities within Greece.[31]

Illegal immigration is also a problem as Greece remains both a destination and transit point for illegal immigrants, particularly from Albania (and, increasingly, African and Asian countries).[32] There has been an effort in recent years to step up the security procedures along Greece's borders, although some allege the government's approach has been heavy-handed. The issue of the recruitment of immigrants has also been brought up by opposition PASOK MPs in Parliament several times.

Greece is one of the few EU countries where there is a rising crime rate (although it is still very low by EU standards). Some also allege there is a division within the Greek Police force between 'Modern' and 'Traditional' elements; the 'Traditional' element is underpinned by a long history of links with the military, whereas the 'Modern' element is geared towards the police playing a greater social role in society (for example, through drug rehabilitation).

Controversies

Drugs case of Minister of Citizen Protection

During a check on four persons in the area of Amarousiou on 22 November 2021 by motorcycle police unit DIAS officers, in particular the procedure of identity document (ID) checks and body search after having first ordered from them to place out the items who carry with them, they found drugs.[33][34] Among the persons was reportedly Dimitris Theodorikakos son of Citizen Protection Minister Panagiotis (Takis) Theodorikakos.[35][36][37][38][39][40] The revelation made by a retired police brigadier and the newspaper journalist and police editor of Ta Nea and To Vima Vasilis Labropoulos on Mega TV’s Mega Gegonona news[41] on 2 February 2023 where it presents photographs from the drugs and recording of data of four, referring to the Panagiotis Theodorikakos who reportedly had done intervention in order to cover up and manipulate the case file, to destroy incriminating evidences and material, and to avoid arrest and transfer before a prosecutor. Vasilis Labropoulos commented that "Mega TV and other media had not have intention to refer who is the person checked, hence they referred only [they did not name who are] are from the surrounding of mister Theodorikakos. The revelation of person who is his son he is himself revealed the minister [Panagiotis Theodorikakos]".[42][43][44][45][46]

Panagiotis (Takis) Theodorikakos announced he will file a criminal complaint[47][48] against the retired police brigadier and Vasilis Labropoulos. Also Dimitris Theodorikakos and former Chief of Hellenic Police Michail Karamalakis[49][50][51] announced they will file a criminal complaint against the retired police brigadier.[52][53]

Violence

According to some organizations Greek police has been accused of overt and, generally unpunished, brutality, in specific cases like after the 2008 Greek riots and during the 2010–2012 Greek protests sparked by the Greek government-debt crisis. Amnesty international has issued a detailed report[54] on police violence in Greece, concerning its practices in patrolling demonstrations, treatment of illegal immigrants, and other, while the Human Rights Watch has criticized the organization concerning its stance against immigrants[55][56] and allegations of torture of detainees[57] and the Reporters Without Borders have accused the police of deliberately targeting journalists.[58]

Furthermore, it has been accused of allegedly planting evidence on detainees[59][60] and mistreatment of arrested individuals. A 29-year-old Cypriot man, Avgoustinos Dimitriou, has been awarded €300,000 in damages following his videotaped beating by plainclothed police officers during a 2006 demonstration in Thessaloniki.[61][62][63][64]

In November 2019, Amnesty International again made a report regarding the police violence and the use of torture methods.[65] In 2020, 26-year-old Vasilis Maggos from Volos, was found dead one month after his arrest (during an environmental demonstration) and his beating by police officers that caused him serious organ damage.[66][67][68]

In 2021, the Border Violence Monitoring Network published a report into the use of torture and inhuman treatment during pushbacks by Greek police.[69][70][71] They assert that:

  • 89% of pushbacks carried out by Greek authorities contained one or more forms of violence and abuse that we assert amounts to torture or inhuman treatment
  • 52% of pushback groups subjected to torture or inhuman treatment by Greek authorities contained minors

AEK fan 29-year-old Greek Michalis Katsouris was stabbed multiple times and died shortly after in hospital, when in the late hours on 7 August 2023 a group of around 100-120 hooligans supporters of Dinamo Zagreb, reportedly met up with members-accomplices of an affiliated Athens club at a pre-arranged location and together made their way by car and train to AEK’s stadium in Nea Filadelfia, went to Perissos, where fans of AEK were assembled in the broader vicinity.[72][73][74] Clashes ensued between the two groups, which threw flares, makeshift explosives, projectiles and rocks, and used makeshift clubs.[75] Hellenic Police have come under criticism for allowing the Dinamo Zagreb fans to assemble near the stadium and not stopping the brawl, intended to prevent the murder that occurred.[76][77][78][79][80]

A prosecutor has ordered a preliminary investigation into an incident which occurred on Akadimias Street in Athens on 16 March 2023 during general strike where a police tow truck drove at high speed into dumpsters that were being wheeled into the middle of a street by protestors.[81][82][83]

Four police officers were arrested on 11 March 2023, include a higher officer, two lower-ranking policemen and a member of the Special Guard unit were responsible for guarding and transferring detainees, for allegedly beating and torturing a detainee.[84]

On December 5, 2022, in Thessaloniki a 16-year-old Roma youth was fatally shot in the head by a 34-year-old motorcycle police unit DIAS officer involved in a chase after the teenager allegedly filled up his pickup truck at a gas station and left without paying the 20 euro bill triggered days of often violent protests in the Thessaloniki and Athens and other parts of Greece. He had been hospitalized for more than a week but he died on 13 December 2022.[85][86][87][88]

Two motorcycle police unit DIAS officers, aged 24 and 27, were charged with raping a 19-year-old woman in Omonia Police Station on 12 October 2022.[89]

A disabled woman brutalized by two policemen at the Omonia Police Station on 29 October 2019, Hellenic Police (ELAS) confirmed the violent incident.[90][91][92]

A special police guard Epaminondas Korkoneas killed 15-year-old Alexandros Grigoropoulos on the night of December 6, 2008, following a verbal altercation with the teenager and his friends.[93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100]

Michalis Kaltezas 15-year-old was fatally shot at the back of his head by the 27-year-old police officer Athanasios Melistas[101][102][103][104] on 17 November 1985 during the annual 17 November protests remembrance day.

Iakovos Koumis (Sorira Ammochostos, 1956 – Athens, 23 November 1980) was a Cypriot law student who was fatally injured to death, along 20-year-old worker Stamatina Kanellopoulou, by the Police Riot Units (M.A.T.) on 16 November 1980 during the annual 17 November protests remembrance day.[105][106][101]

Syriza controversy

In 2012, Syriza political party, disagreed with the measures taken by the State authorities and the police against illegal immigration.[107]

At early November 2012, the Minister of Public Order, Nikos Dendias, accused various MPs of the Coalition of Radical Left of "impersonating authority". According to the accusations the members of the party stopped a number of policemen while they were on duty in order to check their credentials. Moreover, they took photographs of the plainclothes police officers and uploaded them on the internet site of the party (left.gr).[108][109] The accusations prompted an angry reply from the party's spokesperson, who replied that they are "dirty accusations".[110][111]

Allegations of ties with the far Right

In a 1998 interview with the newspaper Eleftherotypia, Minister for Public Order Georgios Romaios (PASOK) alleged the existence of "fascist elements in the Greek police", and vowed to suppress them.[112]

Before the surrender of Androutsopoulos, an article by the newspaper Ta Nea claimed that the neo-Nazi political party Golden Dawn had close relationships with some parts of the Greek police force.[113] Since the 1990s, the Hellenic Police has been condemned for the association of many of its officers with the far right movement, in particular the Golden Dawn party.

The newspaper published then a photograph of a typewritten paragraph with no identifiable insignia as evidence of the secret investigation. In the article, the Minister for Public Order, Michalis Chrysochoidis, responded that he did not recollect such a probe. Chrysochoidis also denied accusations that far right connections within the police force delayed the arrest of Periandros. He said that leftist groups, including the ultra-left anti-state resistance group 17 November, responsible for several murders, had similarly evaded the police for decades. In both cases, he attributed the failures to "stupidity and incompetence" on behalf of the force.[113]

Golden Dawn stated that rumors about the organisation having connections to the Greek police and the government are untrue, and that the police had intervened in Golden Dawn's rallies and had arrested members of the Party several times while the New Democracy party was in power (for example, during a rally in Thessaloniki in June 2006, and at a rally for the anniversary of the Greek genocide, in Athens, also in 2006). Also, on January 2, 2005, anti-fascist and leftist groups invaded Golden Dawn's headquarters in Thessaloniki, under heavy police surveillance. Although riot police units were near the entrance of the building alongside the intruders, they allegedly did not attempt to stop their actions.[114]

The "communicating vessels" between Police and Neo-Nazis re-surfaced on the occasion of riot that broke during protest on march June 28, 2011, when squads of riot police rushed to protect agents provocateurs[115] isolated by the angry crowd, two of them A. Soukaras and A. Koumoutsos both unionists of ETHEL (ΕΘΕΛ) well known for both their extreme opinions, as well as their frequent presence in riots.[116]

In July 2012, it was reported that Nils Muižnieks, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, had placed the alleged ties of Greek Police and Golden Dawn under scrutiny,[117] following reports of the Greek state's continued failure to acknowledge the problem.[118][119]

According to political analyst Paschos Mandravelis, "A lot of the party's backing comes from the police, young recruits who are a-political and know nothing about the Nazis or Hitler. For them, Golden Dawn supporters are their only allies on the frontline when there are clashes between riot police and leftists.[120]

Following the May 6, 2012 Greek Parliamentary election, in which Golden Dawn entered the Greek parliament, it was said that more than one out of two police officers voted for the party in districts adjacent to Athens' Attica General Police Directorate (GADA)[121] The Hellenic Police falsified those claims, some of their arguments were that "The Hellenic Police falsified those claims, some of their arguments were that "the Special Electoral Lists also included civilians and people who reside in municipalities that are different from the municipalities that are registered in their elector lists, a big number of civilians and of non-civilians include, other categories of civil servants (army, navy, airforce, coast guard, firefighting staff, etc.), while in addition many police officers vote in their local constituencies." and "1048th electoral department of the 7th District of the Municipality of Athens, in which motorcycle police unit DIAS officers / Attica Directorate of Immediate Action exercised their right to vote, golden dawn also gained 11%, ranking third (as in national elections). Finally, in the vast majority of polling stations, in which police officers also voted during the European elections, in various areas (Kaisariani, Ampelokipi, etc.) golden dawn ranked third[122][123][124] Since the election, Greek police officers have been implicated in violent incidents between Golden Dawn members and migrants. In September, one police officer was suspended for participating in a Golden Dawn raid against migrant-owned kiosks in an open market at Mesolongi; seven other officers were identified.[125] Anti-fascist demonstrators were allegedly tortured in police custody that same month.[126] In October, Greek police allegedly stood by while Golden Dawn members attacked a theater holding a production of the controversial play Corpus Christi.[127][128]

Police action for human rights

The Police Action for Human Rights (DADA) union founded, in 2018 in Athens, to protect the rights of LGBT and female police officers. Some of their basic principles are the protection of human rights, the fight against prejudice and discrimination and the equal treatment of all citizens.[129][130][131] The union has participated in events, against homophobia and racism in support of human rights, of the Athens Police Officers Association (EASYA) and representatives in the Panhellenic Federation of Police Employees.[132][133] They have also participated in the pride together with those who belong to the Democratic Union Police Movement (DEKA), of the Athens Police Officers Association (EASYA) and representatives in the Panhellenic Federation of Police Employees (POASY).[134][135]

Transportation

Skoda Octavia Greek police cars
Police Jeep
Water cannon
Police vehicle
Sfakianakis police bus
Honda Transalp 650 is the main motorcycle of the Greek police

The most common police vehicles in Greece are the white with blue stripes Citroën Xsara, Škoda Octavia, Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X, Hyundai i30, Citroën C4, Citroën C4 Picasso, Suzuki SX4, Jeep Liberty, Peugeot 308, Volkswagen Golf, and Nissan Qashqai. Other vehicles that Greek Police has used throughout the years are the following:

The original livery featured white roofs and doors, with the rest of the bodyshell in dark blue. The current livery was first introduced on the Citroën ZX's, although the blue stripe on the earlier models was not reflective, from this became another nickname "stroumfakia"(smurfs) for the Greek police.

Most Greek police vehicles are equipped with a customized Car PC, which offers GPS guidance and is connected directly with the Hellenic "Police On Line" network.

A number of police vehicles are being modified to be equipped with onboard surveillance cameras. A number of portable body-worn cameras will be used by the motorcycle police unit DIAS officers, motorcycle police unit DRASI officers, riot police (MAT) officers, Crime Prevention and Suppression Team (OPKE) officers.[136][137][138][139][140]

Police equipment

Handguns:

Submachine guns:

Assault rifles:

Police Academy

The Hellenic Police Academy was established in 1994 with the voting of law 2226/1994 through Parliament. It is situated in Athens and is under the jurisdiction of the chief of police. However the Chief of Police can make recommendations and act as an advisor to the Minister (i.e. the Minister of Citizen Protection) on improvements and other such issues (for example structural reform) pertaining to the Academy. The Minister and the Chief of Police make annual speeches at the Academy to prospective Police Officers. The school is made up of university professors, special scientists (for areas such as forensics) and high-ranking police officers who have specialist field experience. Entrance to the academy is based on Panhellenic Examinations (which are university level entrance examinations), passing specific athletic requirements and an interview, though it differs depending on which particular school of the academy the student wishes to join.[141][142]

The Police Academy includes:

  • The School for Police Officers, for high school graduates who wish to become commissioned Police officers(2nd Police Lieutenants), which lasts four years[143][144][145]
  • The School for Police Constables, for high school graduates who wish to become Police constables (with investigative duties)[146][147]
  • The School for Postgraduate Education and lifelong learning.[148]
  • The National Security School, for high-ranking police personnel (also open to other categories of public servants such as Firemen).[149]

Training

Hellenic Police has a basic requirement of knowledge which being applied for all positions within the agency. These are the protection of the Constitution, tackling of criminal activities and assisting in disaster situations. The emphasis during training on the support and protection of children is such, that a number of highly successful individuals that were raised as orphans, have stated that they couldn't say with certainty that they would make it all the way to the top, without the social service that the Hellenic Police provided to them during their childhood.[150]

The personnel who are hired as police special guards (and then they are promoted to police officers after some years) receive 3 months of training. They mainly have patrolling duties and they can also be part of riot police.[151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158]

Report complaint

Citizens can contact, either giving their name or anonymously, with the Internal Affairs Service Agency of Law Enforcement Bodies (Υ.Ε.Υ.Σ.Α. - Υπηρεσία Εσωτερικών Υποθέσεων Σωμάτων Ασφαλείας - Ypiresia Esoterikon Ypotheseon Somaton Asfalias), which is under the authority of Ministry of Citizen Protection, in order to report complains, anti-social behavior, offences, abuse of power on-duty or off-duty, violence, mistreatment, sexual abuse and various other illegal acts committing by Greek police personnel.[159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "Αρχηγός Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  2. ↑ "Νέος Αρχηγός της ΕΛ.ΑΣ ο Αντιστράτηγος Λάζαρος Μαυρόπουλος" (in Greek). Athens-Macedonian News Agency (AMNA). 18 March 2023. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023.
  3. ↑ "Αντιστράτηγος Κωνσταντίνος Σκούμας" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023.
  4. 1 2 Law 1481/1-10-1984 published in the Government Gazette 152/A/8-10-1984 (Official Journal of the Hellenic Republic - FEK).
  5. ↑ The Hellenic Police Headquarters is at 4 Panagioti Kanellopoulou Avenue Street, 101 77, Athens, Greece, next to the Ministry of Citizen Protection.
  6. ↑ "Αυξάνονται οι οργανικές θέσεις ανώτατων αξιωματικών στην Αστυνομία" (in Greek). Proto Thema. 22 February 2023. Archived from the original on 22 February 2023.
  7. ↑ "Ομάδα Σκύλων Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023.
  8. ↑ "26-10-2021: Δημοσίευση τελικών, αναμορφωμένων, κυρωμένων πινάκων κατ' αρχήν πληρούντων τα προσόντα και αυτών που δεν πληρούν τα προσόντα για πρόσληψη, ως Ειδικοί Φρουροί για τη συγκρότηση Ομάδων Προστασίας Πανεπιστημιακών Ιδρυμάτων (Ο.Π.Π.Ι.)" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. 26 October 2021. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023.
  9. ↑ "01-02-2022: Πρόγραμμα προκαταρκτικών εξετάσεων επιλαχόντων ιδιωτών υποψηφίων (ανδρών - γυναικών) για πρόσληψη ως Ειδικοί Φρουροί για τη συγκρότηση Ομάδων Προστασίας Πανεπιστημιακών Ιδρυμάτων (Ο.Π.Π.Ι.) της Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. 1 February 2022. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023.
  10. ↑ "Κούτλας Κ.,Τσιρίγκας Δ., (2017, Μάιος - Ιούνιος) «Τουριστική Αστυνομία», Αστυνομική Ανασκόπηση, σ. 64-66" (PDF) (in Greek). Hellenic Police. 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 April 2023.
  11. ↑ Eleftherios G. Skiadas (27 September 2018). "Η ίδρυση της Τουριστικής Αστυνομίας και «ζώνες εμφανίσεως» των Αθηνών" (in Greek). Ta Athinaika. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023.
  12. ↑ "Τμήματα και Σταθμοί Τουριστικής Αστυνομίας Νομού Αττικής" [Units and Stations of the Tourist Police of the Attica] (in Greek). Hellenic Police. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  13. ↑ "Greek tourist police at hand at nine airports to assist visitors". Kathimerini. 9 May 2016. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023.
  14. ↑ "Ranks of the Hellenic Police Force - Ministry of Citizen Protection". Hellenic Police. Archived from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  15. ↑ Presidential Decree 159/1986 published in the Government Gazette (FEK) 61/A/8-5-1986 added the rank of Police Brigadier (Ταξίαρχος) and split the rank of Ypastynomos into Ypastynomos A and Ypasynomos B.
  16. ↑ Shrader, Charles R. (1999). The withered vine: logistics and the communist insurgency in Greece, 1945-1949 ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). Westport, Conn.: Praeger. p. 27. ISBN 9780275965440.
  17. ↑ "Cyberkid". cyberkid.gov.gr (in Greek and English). Archived from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  18. ↑ "2o Συνέδριο Ασφαλούς Πλοήγησης στο Διαδίκτυο" (in Greek). newsbomb.gr. 30 January 2013. Archived from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  19. ↑ "Δεύτερο Συνέδριο Ασφαλούς Πλοήγησης στο Διαδίκτυο" (in Greek). newsbomb.gr. 28 January 2013. Archived from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  20. ↑ "24-10-2011: Παρουσίαση της νέας διαδικτυακής και διαδραστικής εφαρμογής χρήσιμων συμβουλών για την ασφαλή πλοήγηση στο διαδίκτυο – Υπουργείο Προστασίας του Πολίτη". minocp.gov.gr (in Greek). Ministry of Citizen Protection. 24 October 2011. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
  21. ↑ "Cyberkids - Activities". cyberkid.gov.gr (in Greek). Archived from the original on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  22. ↑ "05-09-2012: Η Ελληνική Αστυνομία ενίσχυσε "Το Χαμόγελο του Παιδιού" με το ποσό που είχε προϋπολογιστεί για την παρουσία της στην 77η Διεθνή Έκθεση Θεσσαλονίκης – Υπoυργείο Δημόσιας Τάξης & Προστασίας του Πολίτη – Ελληνική Αστυνομία" (Press release) (in Greek). Hellenic Police. 21 August 2012. Archived from the original on 19 November 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  23. ↑ "Αρχηγείο Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας - Δελτίο Τύπου 27-03-2023: Ξεκίνησε η λειτουργία του "Panic Button" (κουμπί πανικού) κατά της ενδοοικογενειακής βίας, σε Αττική και Θεσσαλονίκη" [Hellenic Police Headquarters - Press Release 27-03-2023: Started the operation of "Panic Button" against domestic violence, in Attica and Thessaloniki] (Press release) (in Greek). Hellenic Police. 27 March 2023. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023.
  24. ↑ "The EU Mutual Learning Programme in Gender Equality: Comments paper - Greece" (PDF). European Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  25. ↑ "Hellenic Police (ELAS) creates new department for domestic violence". Kathimerini. 8 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023.
  26. ↑ "3ης Ετήσια Έκθεση για την βία κατά των γυναικών" (PDF) (in Greek). Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs - General Secretariat of Demographic and Family Policy and Gender Equality. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 March 2023.
  27. ↑ "Hellenic Police video offers advice to domestic violence victims". Kathimerini. 20 May 2020. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023.
  28. ↑ "Συμβουλές στην ελληνική νοηματική (βίντεος) - Ελληνική Αστυνομία" [Advices in the Greek sign language (videos) - Hellenic Police] (in Greek). Hellenic Police – via YouTube.
  29. ↑ "Panic button application to help women facing domestic violence". Kathimerini. 27 March 2023. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023.
  30. ↑ "«Panic button»: Πώς λειτουργεί η εφαρμογή κατά της ενδοοικογενειακής βίας" (in Greek). Naftemporiki. 19 November 2022. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023.
  31. ↑ Charalambos Kasimis (8 March 2012). "Greece: Illegal Immigration in the Midst of Crisis". migrationinformation.org. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  32. ↑ Nicholas Paphitis (8 June 2012). "6,000 suspected illegal immigrants detained in Greece". USA Today. Archived from the original on 7 June 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  33. ↑ "Βρέθηκαν ναρκωτικά στην κατοχή του γιου του Θεοδωρικάκου – Φωτογραφία ντοκουμέντο με ναρκωτικά που εντοπίστηκαν από τον έλεγχο στην παρέα του υιού του" [Drugs found in possession of Dimitris Theodorikakos son of Panagiotis (Takis) Theodorikakos – Photograph document with drugs which found during check conducting to the company of his son Dimitris Theodorikakos] (in Greek). Ta Nea. 30 January 2023. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023.
  34. ↑ "Παναγιώτης Θεοδωρικάκος: Τι έδειξε η εσωτερική έρευνα της Αστυνομίας για την υπόθεση του γιου του" [Panagiotis Theodorikakos: What the internal investigation has shown for the drugs case of his son Dimitris Theodorikakos] (in Greek). Proto Thema. 1 February 2023. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023.
  35. ↑ "Citizen Protection Minister Panagiotis (Takis) Theodorikakos". Ministry of Citizen Protection. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  36. ↑ "Panagiotis (Takis) Theodorikakos". Hellenic Parliament. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  37. ↑ "Παναγιώτης Θεοδωρικάκος" [Panagiotis Theodorikakos (Takis Theodorikakos)]. theodorikakos.gr (in Greek). Archived from the original on 19 March 2023.
  38. ↑ "Παναγιώτης Θεοδωρικάκος: Ξεκίνημα της προεκλογικής περιόδου από τον Ταύρο" [Panagiotis Theodorikakos: Beginning of the electoral period from the Attica suburb of Τavros] (in Greek). Proto Thema. 23 April 2023. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023.
  39. ↑ "Υπουργός Προστασίας του Πολίτη Παναγιώτης Θεοδωρικάκος: «Καταδικάζω απερίφραστα και απόλυτα την επίθεση στα γραφεία του ΣΥΡΙΖΑ στη Σίνδο»" [Citizen Protection Minister Panagiotis Theodorikakos: «I condemn unreservedly and totally the attack at the SYRIZA’s offices in Sindo»] (in Greek). Proto Thema. 11 April 2023. Archived from the original on 12 April 2023.
  40. ↑ "Άγριος τηλεοπτικός καβγάς Θεοδωρικάκου - Βαρεμένου για την αστυνομία (βίντεο)" [Wild television quarrel between Panagiotis Theodorikakos - Giorgos Varemenos for the Greek Police (video)] (in Greek). Proto Thema. 11 May 2023. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023.
  41. ↑ Tsima, Rania (2 February 2023). "MEGA ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΑ: Κεντρικό Δελτίο Ειδήσεων 02/02/2023" [Mega TV’s Mega Gegonota: Central News 02/02/2023]. Mega Gegonota (in Greek). 27:43 minutes in. Mega TV. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023.
  42. ↑ "Υπόθεση Θεοδωρικάκου: Αποκαλυπτικό SMS του απόστρατου ταξίαρχου" [Panagiotis Theodorikakos case: Revealing SMS message of the retired police brigadier] (in Greek). Rosa. 3 February 2023. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023.
  43. ↑ "Υπόθεση Θεοδωρικάκος: Νέα στοιχεία από την επικοινωνία του ταξίαρχου που κάνει την καταγγελία με συγγενείς" [Citizen Protection Minister Panagiotis Theodorikakos case: New facts from the communication of police brigadier who makes the complaint with relatives] (in Greek). Oikonomikos Taxydromos. 2 February 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023.
  44. ↑ "Οι φωτογραφίες από το κινητό του διοικητή της Άμεσης Δράσης για τον γιο του Θεοδωρικάκου" [Photographs from the mobile phone of the police director of Immediate Action for the son of Citizen Protection Minister Panagiotis Theodorikakos] (in Greek). Oikonomikos Taxydromos. 1 February 2023. Archived from the original on 1 February 2023.
  45. ↑ "Γιατί απομακρύνθηκε ο αρχηγός της ΕΛ.ΑΣ" (in Greek). Kathimerini. 21 March 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023.
  46. ↑ Giorgos Sobolos (18 March 2023). "Ανακοίνωση με αιχμές από τον πρώην αρχηγό της ΕΛ.ΑΣ. μετά την απομάκρυνσή του" (in Greek). Athens Voice. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023.
  47. ↑ "«Θα τους πάω μέχρι το τέλος», επισημαίνει, σε γραπτή δήλωσή του, ο υπουργός Προστασίας του Πολίτη, Τάκης Θεοδωρικάκος" (in Greek). Proto Thema. 2 February 2023. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023.
  48. ↑ "Μήνυση και από τον γιο του Θεοδωρικάκου κατά του αξιωματικού που τον κατήγγειλε" (in Greek). Athens Voice. 2 February 2023. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023.
  49. ↑ "Αντιστράτηγος Μιχαήλ Καραμαλάκης" (in Greek). Hellenic Police. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023.
  50. ↑ "Γενικός Γραμματέας Δημόσιας Τάξης" (in Greek). Ministry of Citizen Protection. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  51. ↑ "Νέους γενικούς γραμματείς στα υπουργεία Παιδείας και Προστασίας του Πολίτη ανακοίνωσε η κυβέρνηση" (in Greek). Proto Thema. 1 September 2022. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022.
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  54. ↑ "Amnesty International: Police violence in Greece". Amnesty International. 3 July 2012. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  55. ↑ Costas Kantouris (22 August 2012). "Greece Illegal Immigration: Police Crack Down During Crisis". HuffPost. Archived from the original on 19 January 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  56. ↑ "Human Rights Watch, Greece: Halt Mass Migrant Round-Ups". Human Rights Watch. 8 August 2012. Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
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  119. ↑ "Hate on the Streets - Xenophobic Violence in Greece" (in English and Greek). Human Rights Watch. 10 July 2012. Archived from the original on 29 November 2021.
  120. ↑ Smith, Helena (28 September 2012). "Far-right Golden Dawn party filling vacuum for those neglected by state after MPs elected to fight 'immigrant scum'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022.
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  124. ↑ "ΕΛ.ΑΣ.: Επισφαλείς οι εκτιμήσεις για υψηλά ποσοστά αστυνομικών που ψήφισαν Χ.Α." (in Greek). Naftemporiki. 27 May 2014. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021.
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  126. ↑ Margaronis, Maria (9 October 2012). "Fifteen people arrested in Athens says they were subjected to what their lawyer describes as an Abu Ghraib-style humiliation". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013.
  127. ↑ "Fascists beating up people while the police look on". The Guardian. 12 October 2012. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013.
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  139. ↑ "Police to launch tender at end-October for body cameras". Kathimerini. 12 October 2022. Archived from the original on 12 October 2022.
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  162. ↑ "Probe ordered into Greek border guards' cohabitation agreements". Kathimerini. 14 February 2023. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023.
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  166. ↑ "Two police officers arrested on drug dealing charges". Kathimerini. 27 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021.
  167. ↑ "Στο Παλαιό Φάληρο υπηρετούσε ο 33χρονος αστυνομικός που έκανε διακίνηση ναρκωτικών»" [In the Palio Faliro suburb of Attica he was serviced the 33-year-old policeman who made drugs distribution] (in Greek). Proto Thema. 10 April 2023. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023.
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  170. ↑ "Μαφία αλά ελληνικά - Ο «Μανιάτης», τα 3 αδέρφια αστυνομικοί και οι 64 μαφιόζοι" (in Greek). Proto Thema. 24 April 2023. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023.


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