Governor-General of French Indochina
Gouverneur de l'Indochine Française (French)
Đông Dương tổng thống toàn quyền đại thần (Vietnamese)
東洋總統全權大臣 (chữ Hán)
法屬印度支那總督 (Traditional Chinese)
Emblem of the government-general of French Indochina
Vietnamese-style great seal and kiềm ấn of the governor-general of French Indochina[lower-alpha 1]
Longest serving
Pierre Pasquier
26 December 1928 – 15 January 1934
Reports toMinistry of the Colonies
ResidenceNorodom Palace (1887–1902),
Residence of the governor-general of French Indochina in Hanoi, Tonkin (1902–1945)
SeatSaigon, French Cochinchina (1887–1902)
Hanoi, Tonkin (1902–1945)
Formation16 November 1887
First holderJean Antoine Ernest Constans
Final holderHenri Hoppenot
Abolished21 July 1956
French Indochina (including Guangzhouwan), 1930.
Residence of the governor-general in Hanoi, Tonkin

European (as well as Japanese and Chinese) colonial administrators (French: Gouverneurs généraux de l'Indochine française) had historically been responsible for the territory of French Indochina, an area equivalent to modern-day Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and the Chinese city of Zhanjiang.

List of governors-general

The following have held the position of governor-general of French Indochina.[1][2]

Pre–1945

Tenure start Tenure end Incumbent Notes
French Indochina formed (Cambodia, Annam, Tonkin, and Cochinchina, and from 19 April 1899, Laos)
Governors-general
16 November 188722 April 1888Jean Antoine Ernest ConstansProvisional
22 April 188830 May 1889Étienne Antoine Guillaume RichaudActing until 8 September 1888
31 May 188918 April 1891Jean-Luc de Saint Peauxpas
18 April 189126 June 1891François Marie Leon BideauActing
26 June 189129 December 1894Jean Marie Antoine de Lanessan
10 March 189426 October 1894Léon Jean Laurent ChavassieuxActing for Lanessan
29 December 189416 March 1895François Pierre RodierActing
16 March 189510 December 1896Paul Armand Rosseau
21 October 189514 March 1896Paul Julien Auguste FourèsActing for Rosseau. 1st time
10 December 189613 February 1897Paul Julien Auguste FourèsActing. 2nd time
13 February 189714 March 1902Joseph Athanase Paul DoumerFuture president of France.
29 September 189824 January 1899Paul Julien Auguste FourèsActing for Doumer. 3rd time
16 February 190120 August 1901Édouard Alfred Marie BroniActing for Doumer. 1st time
14 March 190214 October 1902Édouard Alfred Marie BroniActing. 2nd time
15 October 190228 February 1908Jean Baptiste Paul Beau
28 February 190823 September 1908Louis Alphonse BonhoureActing
24 September 190817 February 1911Antony Wladislas Klobukowski
13 January 191010 June 1910Albert Jean George Marie Louis PicquiéActing for Klobukowski
17 February 191114 November 1911Paul Louis LuceActing
15 November 191122 November 1913Albert-Pierre Sarraut1st time
22 November 19133 March 1915Joost van VollenhovenActing
3 March 191522 May 1916Ernest Nestor Roume
23 May 191621 January 1917Jean-François dit Eugène CharlesActing
22 January 19179 December 1919Albert-Pierre Sarraut2nd time
22 May 191919 February 1920Maurice Antoine François MonguillotActing. 1st time
20 February 192015 April 1922Maurice Long
18 November 192031 March 1921Joseph Maurice Le GallenActing for Long
15 April 19229 August 1923François Marius BaudouinActing
9 August 192323 April 1925Martial Henri Merlin
23 April 192518 November 1925Maurice Antoine François Monguillot2nd time
18 November 192522 August 1928Alexandre Varenne
4 October 192616 May 1927Pierre Marie Antoine PasquierActing for Varenne. 1st time
1 November 19277 August 1928Maurice Antoine François MonguillotActing for Varenne. 3rd time
7 August 192826 December 1928Eugène Jean Louis René RobinActing. 1st time
26 December 192815 January 1934Pierre Marie Antoine Pasquier2nd time
1 December 193030 June 1931Eugène Jean Louis René RobinActing for Pasquier. 2nd time
15 January 193423 July 1934Maurice Fernand GraffeuilActing
23 July 19349 September 1936Eugène Jean Louis René RobinActing for Pasquier. 3rd time
9 September 193614 January 1937Achille Louis Auguste SilvestreActing
14 January 193720 August 1939Joseph-Jules Brévié
20 August 193925 June 1940Georges CatrouxActing
25 June 19409 March 1945Jean DecouxInterim until 29 August 1940. Continued serving after the Japanese invasion; deposed in the Japanese coup d'état
Japanese military occupation
9 March 194528 August 1945Yuitsu TsuchihashiJapanese military commander in Indochina and provisional governor-general
9 March 194515 August 1945Takeshi TsukamotoActing for Tsuchihashi
10 April 1945September 1945Gabriel SabattierPGFR delegate-general; in opposition to Japanese occupation after the coup. Retreated with remaining troops to China in May
Allied military administration
14 September 194514 May 1946Lu HanMilitary governor (Republic of China), above 16th parallel
13 September 194528 March 1946Douglas GraceyMilitary governor (United Kingdom), below 16th parallel

Post–1945

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office
Took office Left office Time in office
High commissioner
(Hauts-commissaires de France en Indochine)
–
Jean Cédile [fr]
Jean Cédile
(1908–1984)
Acting		23 September 19455 October 194512 days
–
Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque
Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque
(1908–1984)
Acting		5 October 194531 October 194526 days
1
Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu
Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu
(1889–1964)
Appointed as the High Commissioner 17 August 1945,
but did not enter his position until 2 November.		2 November 194527 March 19471 year, 145 days
2
Émile Bollaert
Émile Bollaert
(1890–1978)		27 March 194720 October 19481 year, 207 days
3
Léon Pignon
Léon Pignon
(1908–1976)		20 October 194813 December 19502 years, 54 days
4
Jean de Lattre de Tassigny
Jean de Lattre de Tassigny
(1889–1952)		13 December 195011 January 1952 †1 year, 29 days
5
Raoul Salan
Raoul Salan
(1899–1984)		11 January 195218 April 195298 days
6
Jean Letourneau
Jean Letourneau
(1907–1986)		18 April 195227 April 19531 year, 9 days
Commissioners-general
(Commissaires généraux en Indochine)
1
Jean Letourneau
Jean Letourneau
(1907–1986)		27 April 195323 July 195387 days
2
Maurice Dejean [fr]
Maurice Dejean
(1899–1982)
Served at the time of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu		23 July 19534 June 1954316 days
3
Paul Ély
Paul Ély
(1897–1975)		4 June 1954April 19559 months
4
Henri Hoppenot
Henri Hoppenot
(1891–1977)		April 195521 July 19561 year, 3 months

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Used on Classical Chinese language documents. The inscription of the great seal reads Đại Pháp Quốc Khâm mệnh Tổng thống Đông Dương Toàn quyền đại thần quan nho (大法國欽命總統東洋全權大臣關伩)) and the inscription of the kiềm ấn reads Toàn quyền đại thần (全權大臣, "governor-general") written in seal script.

References

  1. ↑ Commission française du Guide des Sources de l'Histoire des Nations (1981). Sources de l'histoire de l'Asie et de l'Océanie dans les archives et bibliothèques françaises. Part 1: Archives (in French). München: K. G. Saur. ISBN 3-598-21472-3.
  2. ↑ Cahoon, Ben (n.d.). "French Union of Indo-China". WorldStatesmen.org. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
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