Gorm
Gorm Field is located in North Sea
Gorm Field
Location of Gorm
CountryDenmark
RegionNorth Sea
Block5504/15
5504/16
Offshore/onshoreOffshore
Coordinates55°34′N 4°47′E / 55.567°N 4.783°E / 55.567; 4.783
OperatorTotalEnergies
Field history
Discovery1971
Start of production1981
Production
Producing formationsDanian and Upper Cretaceous chalk

Gorm is a natural gas and oilfield in the Danish Sector of North Sea. It was discovered in 1971 and is the largest oilfield exploited by Denmark.[1] The production infrastructure consists of five bridge-linked platforms[2] and is operated by BlueNord. The facilities include two wellhead platforms and several processing platforms. The Rolf and Dagmar fields are satellites to Gorm.

Reservoir

The reservoir properties of the Gorm field are as shown.

Properties of Gorm reservoir[3]
Property Value
Block 5504/16
Production horizon Upper cretaceous Danian chalk
Field delineation, km2 63
Reservoir depth, feet 6,600 to 7,200
Hydrocarbon column, feet 500
Density °API 33.5
Gas / oil ratio 1789
Sulphur content % 0.2
Porosity % 27-35
Total reserves oil, million barrels 110-600
Total reserves gas, billion cubic feet 353

Infrastructure

Installations

The installations developed for the Gorm field were as follows. The water depth at the site is 39 metres.[3]

Gorm field installations
Platforms Coordinates Function Type Legs Substructure weight, t Topsides weight, t Well slots Installed Production start Production to
Gorm A 55.579105N

4.757856E

 Drilling & wellhead Steel jacket 4 1080 1100 9 September 1979 May 1981 Gorm C
Gorm B 55.578531N

4.757625E

 Drilling & wellhead Steel jacket 4 1080 945 9 December 1979 March 1982 Gorm C
Gorm C 55.579641N

4.758695E

 Processing & accommodation (97 beds) Steel jacket 8 3500 10,200 – July 1980 May 1981 Gorm E
Gorm D 55.579041N

4.750050E

 Flare tower Steel jacket 3 750 220 – February 1981 –
Gorm E (owned by DONG oil pipe A/S) 55.580749N

4.759857E

 Riser and pumping Steel jacket 4 1634 3900 – April May 1982 Gas to Tyra (14 inch pipeline), condensate to onshore (20 inch pipeline)
Gorm F 55.578398N

4.757050E

 Well head, processing Steel jacket 2000 11000 1991

In 2014 there were 32 oil production wells, one gas injection well, and 14 water injection wells.[4]

Pipelines

A number of pipelines transport fluids to and from the Gorm field. The Skjold, Rolf and Dagmar fields are satellites of Gorn

Gorm field pipelines[5]
From To Fluid Length, km Diameter, inches Note
Skjold B Gorm F Oil, gas & water 12 12
Skjold A Gorm A Oil, gas & water 11 12
Rolf Gorm E Oil, gas & water 17 8
Dagmar Gorm F Oil, gas & water 9 8
Gorm E Rolf Gas 17 3
Gorm F Skjold A Injection water 12 12
Gorm D Skjold A Gas 11 6
Gorm E Tyra E Gas 16 18
Gorm E Fredericia shore terminal Oil 330 20 Capacity = 270,000 barrels per day
Gorm E CALM (see note) Oil 12 Decommissioned
Gorm E CALM Oil 12 Decommissioned

Note. CALM = Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring; buoys used to load ships with oil before the export pipeline was available.

Production

The original design production rate for the process facilities on Gorm C was 60,000 barrels of oil per day (bopd). The design gas injection rate was 84 mmscfd (million standard cubic feet per day). The pumping platform Gorm C had a design throughput of 90,000 bopd.[3]

The production strategy is to maintain reservoir pressure through water injection.[4]

The production data for the Gorm field is shown in the following table. Production and injection numbers are cumulative rates up to 1 January 2014. About 400 barrels per day (64 m3/d) of crude oil from the nearby Rolf oil field are processed on the Gorm platforms.[6]

Gorm field production[4]
Parameter Value
Oil production wells 32
Gas injection wells 1
Water injection wells 14
Oil production, million m3 60.79
Gas production, billion Nm3 15.74
Produced water, million m3 80.35
Water injection, million m3 137.83
Gas injection, billion Nm3 8.16
Oil reserves, million m3 3.0
Gas reserved, billion Nm3 0.3

In 2014 the annual production was 6.3 million barrels of oil and 3,677 million standard cubic feet of gas (104 million m3 gas).[5]

Incidents

An oil leak occurred in the field on 2 March 2011. [7][6]

Dagmar and Rolf fields

The Dagmar and Rolf fields are satellites to the Gorm installations. The characteristics of the fields are as follows.

Dagmar and Rolf fields[4][5]
Field Dagmar Rolf
Prospect East Rosa Mid Rosa
Reservoir Chalk and Dolomite Chalk
Geological age Danian, Upper Cretaceous and Zechstein Danian and Upper Cretaceous
Coordinates 55.576474°N 4.618248°E 55.605986°N 4.491481°E
Block 5504/15 5504/14 & 15
Reservoir depth 1,400 m 1,800 m
Field delineation 50 km2 22 km2
Reserves
Discovered 1983 1981


The fields are developed through two offshore installations as shown.

Dagmar and Rolf installations[4] [5]
Field Dagmar Rolf
Production start 1991 1986
Water depth 34 m 40 m
Installation Fixed steel no helideck Fixed steel
Function Wellheads no processing Wellheads no processing
Substructure weight tonnes 500 1,400
Topsides weight tonnes 532 1,900
Number of wells 2 3
Status Shut in 2006 & 2007 Producing (2022)
Export, well fluids 9 km 8-inch pipeline to Gorm F 17 km 8-inch pipeline to Gorm E
Import, lift gas - 17 km 3-inch pipeline from Gorm E

The oil production profile of the Dagmar and Rolf fields (in 1000 cubic metres) is as shown.

Rolf and Dagmar annual oil production (1000 m3) 1986-2004[8]
Year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Rolf 469 634 396 395 271 293 304 176 100 130 113 96 92 77 83 51 51 104 107
Dagmar 475 305 67 33 35 23 17 13 10 8 4 6 7 2
Rolf and Dagmar annual oil production (1000 m3) 2005-2022[8]
Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Total
Rolf 79 89 103 78 76 60 1 78 75 54 47 58 45 45 48 4876
Dagmar 0 0 1005

See also

References

  1. ↑ Glennie, K. W. (1998). Petroleum geology of the North Sea: basic concepts and recent advances. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 30, 343. ISBN 978-0-632-03845-9.
  2. ↑ "The Gorm Centre". Danish Energy Agency. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2011-03-15.
  3. 1 2 3 Oilfield Publications Limited (1985). The North Sea Platform Guide. Ledbury: Oilfield Publications Limited. pp. 264–75.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Danish Energy Agency (2024). "Oil and gas in Denmark 2013" (PDF).
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Non-Technical Summary (NTS) of the Environmental and Social Impact Statement (ESIS) for the GORM project" (PDF). Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  6. 1 2 "Update: Oil observed in the Danish North Sea near Maersk Oil platforms". Maersk Oil. 2 March 2011. Archived from the original on 5 March 2011.
  7. ↑ "Oil spotted on Danish North Sea Surface. Maersk halts Production from Rolf Platform". OffshoreEnergyToday.com. 2 March 2011.
  8. 1 2 Danish Energy Agency. "Oil production monthly and yearly". Retrieved 17 November 2023.
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