Geraldine Plunkett Dillon
Dillon with her husband in 1940
Born1891
Dublin, Ireland
Died13 May 1986(1986-05-13) (aged 94–95)
Dublin, Ireland
NationalityIrish
Parent
Relatives6 siblings, including Joseph Mary Plunkett, Fiona Plunkett and George Oliver Plunkett

Geraldine "Gerry" Plunkett Dillon (1891–1986) was an Irish republican and member of Cumann na mBan, best known for her memoir All in the blood. She was the sister of Joseph Mary Plunkett, a signatory of the 1916 Proclamation of the Irish Republic.

Early life and family

Geraldine Plunkett Dillon, known to her family as Gerry, was born Geraldine Mary Germaine Plunkett in 1891 in Fitzwilliam Street, Dublin.[1] She was the fourth child of the seven children of Count George Noble and Mary Josephine Plunkett (née Cranny).[2][3] She had three sisters, Philomena, Mary, and Fiona, and three brothers, Jack, George and Joseph (known as Joseph Mary Plunkett). The family lived in a number of houses including on Upper Fitzwilliam Street, Marlborough Road, and later on Belgrave Road.[4] Throughout her life Dillon had a difficult relationship with her mother, recalling that at age 6: "I decided to hate my mother."[5]

She cared for her brother Joseph after his return from travelling in 1912 when he had been hospitalised with influenza. They lived together at 17 Marlborough Road, Donnybrook, one of the family properties.[6]

Role in Irish Independence

Her brother, Joseph, was a signatory of the 1916 Proclamation, and Dillon actively supported his involvement with the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Republican Brotherhood. She helped to smuggle gelignite and ammunition into Dublin by taking delivery of the two bags in February 1914 from Liam Mellowes. She was a friend of Michael Collins, who she met through Joseph in 1915 to help her when she had been left to manage the family finances and property while her mother was visiting the United States. In 1916, Dillon was living with Joseph at Larkfield House in Kimmage, the grounds of which were used as an Irish Volunteers training camp. In the run up to Easter 1916, the house was home to large number of Volunteers who came from London, Liverpool, and Glasgow. Joseph gave her a pistol, which she carried continuously in her jacket.[1][7]

On Easter Sunday 23 April 1916, she married Thomas Dillon, a chemistry lecturer she had met in University College Dublin, in Rathmines Church.[3] Her brothers, George and Jack, were in attendance wearing their Volunteer uniforms, with Rory O'Connor was the best man. The wedding ceremony attracted the attention of the British forces, with a pair of "G-men" removed from the church by O'Connor and the Plunkett brothers. The wedding had been planned as a double wedding, with her brother Joseph planning to marry Grace Gifford, but he was occupied with the planning for Easter Monday. Dillon's husband was to take part in the events of Easter Rising, and was instructed to go to the Imperial Hotel on O'Connell Street on Easter Monday with Dillon after the wedding and to await orders there. The hotel was chosen specifically due to its view of the General Post Office, which was to be the centre of the Rising. As Thomas was a chemist, it was planned that he would be placed in charge of any chemical factories the Irish Volunteers captured to manufacture munitions and explosives, but this did not come to fruition. Instead the couple watched the events unfolding from the hotel. When Rory O'Connor visited them to update them on progress, Dillon asked to be admitted into the GPO, but Joseph refused her permission. Instead, he ordered them back to Larkfield to start manufacturing explosives. They cycled back to the house through lines of British soldiers.[5][6] The last time Dillon saw her brother was as she left the hotel when he was blowing up an empty tram on North Earl Street with a homemade bomb.[8]

After Joseph's execution, the Plunkett siblings remained active in organisations such as the Irish Republican Army and Cumann na mBan.[2] Dillon published a volume of her brother Joseph's poetry posthumously, a month after his execution in June 1916, The poems of Joseph Mary Plunkett,[6] having been named as his literary executor.[9] Dillon was the member of the Plunkett family who had the most interaction with her brother's widow, Grace. Grace lived with her at Larkfield after 1916. It is Dillon's account of Gifford that confirmed that she was pregnant at the time of her wedding, and that she later lost the pregnancy. Dillon was also unsure that her brother had been the father of the fetus.[5][6][10]

Dillon was present at the first Dáil at the Mansion House in January 1919. Her husband spent a great deal of the period of 1916 to 1922 imprisoned or hiding from the authorities due to his republican activities, including an internment from May 1918 to January 1919 in Gloucester prison.[1] Dillon travelled to Gloucester having heard that the jail had been struck by the Spanish flu. She found her husband had been transferred to a hospital, and with the help of Michael Collins, had him and another prisoner released. When her husband was appointed Professor of Chemistry at University College, Galway the family moved to the city. Dillon had been instrumental in securing this job, as Thomas had applied while still interned at Gloucester.[11] They initially lived in Dangan House and later in Barna,[12] where it was used for Sinn Féin Court sessions with her husband presiding as judge.[3] In Galway, Dillon became a member of Cumann na mBan, and acted for Michael Collins as an intelligence agent. She organised and transmitted intelligence reports for the IRA brigade commanders in Connemara.[1]

In Galway the Dillons witnessed the violence from the Royal Irish Constabulary and the Black and Tans. Due to her husband's connections with the IRA, and her activities, their house was frequently raided.[2] Dillon was arrested on Easter Monday 28 March 1921, and was imprisoned in Galway Gaol for three months after she was caught carrying literature from the White Cross. Her husband was already in hiding, so their children were left in the care of a servant, Peggy. After protested that her children were not allowed to live with her in the prison, as was usual at the time, the matter was raised in the House of Commons and she was released. Her daughter, Eilís later recalled that by not being in prison with her mother she had "lost her only chance of being able to boast I was imprisoned for my country."[13][10] She was later awarded two medals, the Service Medal and the Truce Commemorative Medal.[1]

Other work and writing

Ó Brolcháin recounts some of Dillon's achievements in the preface to her edited memoir, including delivering a paper in the Royal Irish Academy in 1916 and contributing to the Encyclopedia Britannica for the article on dyes. Dillon also published a volume of poetry, Magnificat, and contributed to the Book of St Ultan. She was a founding member of Taibhdhearc na Gaillimhe, and the Galway Art Club, where she exhibited. In 1928 she made costumes for Micheál Mac Liammóir. The sculptor Oisín Kelly cited Dillon as responsible for his choice to become a sculptor.[9][10]

Death and legacy

After her husband's retirement from NUIG, they lived apart for a time, but later moved to Dublin to live with their daughter. Dillon died on 13 May 1986 in Dublin,[3] and is buried with members of her family in Glasnevin Cemetery.[1] Dillon had five children, Moya, Blanaid, Eilís, Michael, and Eoin.[14] One son died at age three.[3]

Dillon held a large collection of family papers, which contained documents from 1850, as well as keeping her own detailed notes and diaries up to her death in 1986. An edited edition of her memoir, All in the Blood, was published in 2006 and was edited by Honor Ó Brolcháin, her granddaughter.[2]

A one-woman show, Mamó: A Story of Geraldine Plunkett Dillon, was written and performed by Isolde Ó Brolcháin Carmody, Dillon's great-granddaughter.[15][16] Some of her papers are held in the National Library of Ireland.[17]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "The War of Independence Medals Awarded to Geraldine Plunkett Dillon". www.adams.ie. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Mulcahy, Risteárd (11 November 2006). "At home with the Plunketts". The Irish Times. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Leaney, Ende (2009). "Dillon, Thomas Patrick". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). Dictionary of Irish Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  4. ↑ O'Connor Lysaght, D. R. (2009). "Plunkett, Count George Noble". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). Dictionary of Irish Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  5. 1 2 3 McDiarmid, Lucy (2015). At home in the revolution : what women said and did in 1916. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. pp. 88–89, 127–129. ISBN 9781908996749.
  6. 1 2 3 4 White, Lawrence William (2009). "Plunkett, Joseph Mary". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). Dictionary of Irish Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  7. ↑ O'Kelly, Emer (26 November 2006). "Feeding a great hatred with fervour". Independent. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  8. ↑ Mulvagh, Conor (29 October 2015). "Ailing writer who shaped the rebellion" (PDF). Irish Independent 1916 Collection. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  9. 1 2 Dillon, Geraldine Plunkett (2006). O Brolchain, Honor (ed.). All in the blood: a memoir. Dublin: A. & A. Farmar. ISBN 1899047263.
  10. 1 2 3 Maume, Patrick (2011). O'Malley-Younger, Alison; Strachan, John (eds.). Ireland at War and Peace. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 138–152. ISBN 978-1-4438-2745-4. OCLC 823720617.
  11. ↑ "The professor in his wife's overcoat". Galway Advertiser. 12 May 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  12. ↑ Maume, Patrick (2009). "Dillon, Eilís". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). Dictionary of Irish Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  13. ↑ McCoole, Sinéad (2016). No ordinary women : Irish female activists in the Revolutionary Years, 1900-1923. Dublin: O'Brien Press. pp. 76–77. ISBN 978-1-84717-789-6. OCLC 920867195.
  14. ↑ "All In The Blood". www.honorobrolchain.ie. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  15. ↑ "Written and performed by Isolde ÓBrolcháin Carmody: "Mamó: A Story of Geraldine Plunkett Dillon"". The Dock. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  16. ↑ "MAMÓ: A Story of Geraldine Plunkett Dillon". Thomas MacDonagh Heritage Museum. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  17. ↑ "Papers of Geraldine Plunkett Dillon" (PDF). National Library of Ireland. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
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