Sir

Frank Lowy

AC
Lowy at the Australian Football Awards in October 2011
Born
Frank P. Lowy[1]

(1930-10-22) 22 October 1930
Fiľakovo, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia)
NationalityAustralian
Known forCo-founder, Westfield
Board member of
Spouse(s)
Shirley, Lady Lowy OAM
(née Rusanow)
​
​
(m. 1954; died 2020)​
Children3; including Steven Lowy

Sir Frank P. Lowy AC (/ˈloʊi/ LOH-ee; born 22 October 1930) is an Australian-Israeli[2][3] businessman of Jewish Slovak-Hungarian origins[4][5] and the former long-time chairman of Westfield Corporation, a global shopping centre company with US$29.3 billion of assets under management in the United States, United Kingdom and Europe. In June 2018 Westfield Corporation was acquired by French company Unibail-Rodamco.[6]

Lowy was the inaugural chairman of Scentre Group, the owner and manager of Westfield-branded shopping centres in Australia and New Zealand.[7][8]

With an assessed net worth of A$9.33 billion in 2023, Lowy was ranked as the tenth richest Australian according to the Financial Review Rich List;[9] having been the richest person in Australia during 2010.[10][11] Forbes Asia magazine assessed Lowy's net worth at US$6.5 billion in January 2019 and placed him fourth in its Australia's 50 Richest people.[12]

Lowy is the founder of the Lowy Institute, Australia's leading foreign affairs think tank,[13][14] which has alternatively been described as "neoliberal",[15] "centre-right" leaning[13] or "reactionary".[16] Lowy is also chairman of the Institute for National Securities Studies, an independent academic institute that studies key issues relating to Israel's national security and Middle East affairs.[17][18]

Biography

Early life

Lowy was born in Czechoslovakia[3] (in what is now Slovakia), and was forced to live in a ghetto in Hungary during World War II.[19] He made his way to France in 1946, where he boarded the ship Yagur, heading for Mandatory Palestine. However, he was caught on route by the British authorities and interned in a detention camp in Cyprus.[20] Lowy joined the Haganah, and then the Golani Brigade, and fought in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War in the Galilee and Gaza.[21]

Career

In 1952, Lowy left Israel and joined his family, who had left Europe for Australia and started a business delivering small goods.[22] In 1953, he met fellow immigrant John Saunders.[23] The pair became business partners, eventually creating Westfield Development Corporation through the development of a shopping centre at Blacktown in Sydney's western suburbs.[22] Over the next 30 years, Lowy and Saunders developed shopping centres across Australia and the United States (from 1977);[22] and listed the company on the Australian Stock Exchange in 1960 as Westfield Development Corporation.[22] Saunders sold his interests and left the company in 1987. In the 1990s Lowy took the company to New Zealand, then the United Kingdom in the 2000s.[22]

Lowy was appointed a Director of the Reserve Bank of Australia in 1995, was reappointed in 2000 and 2003, and concluded his term in 2005.[24] In 2008 Lowy and related interests were mentioned in documents stolen from the LGT Bank of Liechtenstein by a former employee. A subsequent US Senate probe and an Australian Taxation Office audit investigated Lowy and his sons, David and Steven, on their involvement with financial institutions in tax havens located in Liechtenstein and Switzerland. Lowy maintained he had not done anything wrong, the matter was settled with the ATO, and no action was taken.[25][26][27][28]

After turning 80 in October 2010, Lowy officially stood down as executive chairman of the Westfield Group effective May 2011, taking on the role of non-executive chairman. Sons, Steven and Peter, became joint chief executives.[29] In October 2015, Lowy stepped down as the chairman of the Scentre Group, a role that he had held for 55 years.[30]

Personal life

Lowy at the 2013 March of the Living in Auschwitz-Birkenau in front of the cattle car donated in memory of his father, Hugo.

Lowy married Shirley Rusanow in 1954, having met at a Jewish dance when he was 21. They have three sons, Peter and Steven, who managed the Westfield business, and David, who manages the family's private investments.[31] His wife was the founder of the Chai Foundation which is dedicated to finding and funding research into effective but less toxic forms of cancer therapy.[32] His son Peter, is chairman of Tribe Media Corp, the parent of the Jewish Journal[33] and served as chairman of the University of Judaism.[34]

In an Australian television production broadcast in 2010, called Family Confidential, it was revealed that Lowy had kept a secret about his survival in Nazi occupied Hungary. As a 13-year-old boy, Lowy had never known about the loss of his father, Hugo Lowy, who was beaten to death at Auschwitz concentration camp for refusing to leave his Jewish prayer shawl (Talit and Tefilin) behind.[31] As a mark of respect to Hugo Lowy and other Hungarian Jews, Lowy commissioned the restoration of a railway wagon that had transported Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz, and placed the wagon on site at the former concentration camp.[31] In April 2013, Lowy attended the March of the Living, where he shared the story of how his father perished during the Holocaust, with thousands of young students from around the world who had gathered in Auschwitz-Birkenau to observe Holocaust Remembrance Day.[35][36]

Lowy moved to Israel at the end of 2018.[37] Lady Lowy died in Tel Aviv in December 2020, after a long battle with dementia. In What Will Become of Us, a documentary screened at the 2019 Sydney Film Festival, Lowy spoke openly of the trauma of gradually losing his wife.[38][39]

Net worth

Lowy has appeared on the Financial Review Rich List, formerly the BRW Rich 200 list, every year since it was first published in 1983.[40][41] In 2010, the BRW magazine measured Lowy's net worth at A$5.04 billion, making him Australia's richest person at that time.[10][11] In 2016 his net worth was assessed as A$8.26 billion on the BRW Rich 200 list;[42] and the same net worth the following year when the list was renamed as the Financial Review Rich List.[43]

Year BRW
Rich 200		 Forbes
Australia's 50 Richest
Rank Net worth (A$) Rank Net worth (US$)
2007[44][45] 2 Steady $6.51 billion Increase 2 Steady $4.30 billion Increase
2008[46][47] 2 Decrease $6.30 billion Decrease 4 Decrease $4.40 billion Decrease
2009[48][49] 2 Steady $4.20 billion Decrease 2 Increase $2.80 billion Decrease
2010[50][51] 1 Increase $5.04 billion Increase 3 Decrease $3.50 billion Increase
2011[52][53] 6 Decrease $4.98 billion Decrease 4 Decrease $4.30 billion Increase
2012[54][55] 3 Increase $6.47 billion Increase 5 Decrease $4.40 billion Increase
2013[56][57] 2 Increase $6.80 billion Increase 4 Increase $5.30 billion Increase
2014[58][59] 4 Decrease $7.16 billion Increase 6 Decrease $4.60 billion Decrease
2015[60][61] 4 Steady $7.84 billion Increase 3 Increase $5.0 billion Increase
2016[62][63] 3 Increase $8.26 billion Increase 4 Decrease $5.0 billion Steady
2017[43][64] 4 Decrease $8.26 billion Steady 4 Steady $5.70 billion Increase
2018[65] 5 Decrease $8.42 billion Increase 4 Steady
2019[66][67] 7 Decrease $8.57 billion Increase 4 Steady $6.50 billion Increase
2020[68] 9 Decrease $8.30 billion Decrease
2021[40] 9 Steady $8.51 billion Increase
2022 10 Decrease $9.30 billion Increase
2023[9] 10 Steady $9.33 billion Increase
Legend
Icon Description
Steady Has not changed from the previous year
Increase Has increased from the previous year
Decrease Has decreased from the previous year

Football in Australia

In the 1980's Lowy was president of the Hakoah Social Club, which was attached to the Hakoah Sydney City East FC football team. Hakoah played in the National Soccer League between 1977 and 1986. In 1982 Lowy stood for a role in the Australian Soccer Federation board, but was defeated by a coalition headed by long term President Arthur George. In 1987 Hakoah opened up the season with a match in front of 5,187 fans. This was not enough for Lowy, who had promised to withdraw Hakoah from the competition if crowds were low. After a heated general meeting the membership voted to withdraw. Lowy withdrew from Club Hakoah and the sport in general by 1988, not to return until the final demise of the NSL and Soccer Australia in 2004 after decades of mismanagement & poor decisions regarding television contracts.

With the NSL and Soccer Australia defunct, Prime Minister John Howard & Sports Minister Rod Kemp commissioned the 2003 Report of the Independent Soccer Review Committee. Commonly known as the 'Crawford Report', it called for a new board headed up by Lowy. Lowy quickly placed Soccer Australia into liquidation, replacing it with a new "Australia Soccer Association" which was later renamed to Football Federation Australia, in order to distance itself from the previous iterations and to align with the general usage of the word football across the world. Much of the Crawford Report recommendations were ignored by Lowy in favour of his own decisions regarding the setup and future of the Federation & the sport in Australia. Most importantly for his control, he ignored recommendations regarding the board composition that called for players, coaches, referees, indoor players and a specific women's football representative. He also ignored the Player's Association report that recommended having two teams in Sydney & Melbourne.[69][70]

Lowy was chairman of the Football Federation Australia (FFA) from 2003 to November 2015.[71] Some observers credit him and John O'Neill, a former rugby union executive, with resurrecting soccer in Australia.[72] A televised "A-League" is now in place, and the country has become a member of the Asian Football Confederation.

In 2007 Lowy commenced a campaign to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Australia backed with A$43 million in support from the Australian Government.[73] In 2010, amid allegations of bribery, politics, and back-scratching,[74][75][76] FIFA awarded Qatar the right to host the World Cup.

In 2015, he fell off a stage as the A-League trophy was due to be presented. In May 2015 he underwent surgery to resolve a complication that had arisen from the fall.[77]

Lowy receiving the Woodrow Wilson Award for Corporate Citizenship in 2005

Lowy completed his term-limited period in charge of the FFA, then handed over power to his son Steven Lowy unopposed. The move was controversial and viewed as nepotism and questions over Steven's lack of experience in football governance were partly responsible for a significant power struggle at the highest levels. Intervention by FIFA eventually resulted in a new governance model, the splitting away of the A-League competition from direct control of the FFA and large changes at the boardroom level. Steven resigned from the role and Lowy also sold the last of his shares in Sydney FC at this time.

Philanthropy

Lowy has a reputation for giving his time and financial support to a broad range of causes. He was awarded the title of Australia's leading philanthropist by peak body, Philanthropy Australia, with donations in 2002 of A$10 million.[78]

In April 2003 to mark the 50th anniversary of his arrival in Australia, Lowy established the Lowy Institute, an independent international policy think tank devoted to foreign affairs, and Australia's role in the world.[79] It was reported that a gift of A$30 million was made to establish the Institute.[78] Together with the Packer family, in 2008 Lowy donated an undisclosed amount towards the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute.[80] In 2010, Lowy and his family donated A$10 million to facilitate the construction of the UNSW Lowy Cancer Research Centre, a collaborative centre of the Children's Cancer Institute Australia and the Faculty of Medicine at the University of New South Wales.[81][82][83] In 2022, he donated $18 million to Tel Aviv University. [84]

Awards and recognition

In 2000, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia for his service to the community through the development of the property industry and expansion of the retail sector in Australia and internationally, and as philanthropist committed to support of wide-ranging social and cultural endeavours.[85] In 2002, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement presented by Awards Council member Ehud Barak in Dublin, Ireland.[86] The establishment of the Lowy Institute led him to being awarded the Woodrow Wilson Award for Corporate Citizenship in 2005 by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.[87] On 2 October 2007 Lowy received the Henni Friedlander Award for the Common Good at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, United States.[88] In 2008 Lowy was honoured by Australia Post for his contribution to philanthropy as one of the nation's five leading, living philanthropists with a commemorative postage stamp that was released on the eve of Australia Day as part of the Australian Legends series.[89]

He was knighted in the 2017 Queen's Birthday Honours (UK) for services to business and philanthropy.[90][91]

References

  1. ↑ "Birthday Honours 2017: notes on the Foreign Secretary's overseas list" (PDF). Birthday Honours lists 2017. gov.uk. 16 June 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  2. ↑ Pilger, John (26 September 2011). "War and shopping – the extremism that never speaks its name". New Statesman (1996). Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. The co-founder of Westfield is Frank Lowy, an Australian -Israeli billionaire who is to shopping what Rupert Murdoch is to media.
  3. 1 2 Cashman, Greer Fay (8 August 2012). "The Australian connection". Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Among the many Australian citizens who have homes in Israel as well as business interests in this country is billionaire Frank Lowy, one of the wealthiest people in Australia, who is often described in the media as an Australian-Israeli businessman even though he was born in Czechoslovakia.
  4. ↑ "Sir Frank Lowy: The penniless migrant who built the Westfield empire". Sky News. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  5. ↑ Margo, Jill (2001). Frank Lowy: pushing the limits. Westfield Holdings Ltd (2nd ed.). Pymble, N.S.W: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780732269074. OCLC 155411487.
  6. ↑ "How Westfield's Frank Lowy consummated Australia's biggest M&A deal". Financial Review. 15 March 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
  7. ↑ "About us: History". Scentre Group. n.d. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  8. ↑ Danckert, Sarah (23 October 2015). "Frank Lowy to retire as chairman of Scentre Group". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  9. 1 2 Bailey, Michael; Sprague, Julie-anne (26 May 2023). "The 200 richest people in Australia revealed". Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
  10. 1 2 Zappone, Chris (26 May 2010). "Frank Lowy tops BRW rich list for first time". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  11. 1 2 Saulwick, Jacob; Cummins, Caroline (27 May 2010). "Lowy leaves mining magnates in the dust". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  12. ↑ "Frank Lowy". Forbes. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  13. 1 2 Barro, Christiane, "The think tanks shaping Australia The Lowy Institute," The New Daily, retrieved 26 December 2019
  14. ↑ Grigg, Angus and Nick McKenzie, "Lowy Institute hit by Chinese hackers," 3 December 2018, Australian Financial Review, retrieved 26 December 2019
  15. ↑ "Lowy Institute," SourceWatch, retrieved 26 December 2019
  16. ↑ Green, Jim, "The Lowy Institute's dangerous nuclear propaganda," 28 December 2012, "Online Opinion" Friends of the Earth Australia, retrieved 26 December 2019
  17. ↑ "The quiet benefactor: Lowy's close ties with Israel". The Sydney Morning Herald. 28 September 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  18. ↑ "Frank Lowy's Bio". Lowy Institute. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  19. ↑ Hewett, Jennifer (13 November 2010). "Holocaust truth set Frank Lowy free". The Australian.
  20. ↑ Keinon, Herb (30 May 2006). "Frank Lowy: From Hagana to $3.8 billion magnate". Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. One of 750 passengers who after World War II left France on board the illegal immigrant ship Yagur, Lowy was caught en route by the British and deported to the detention camp in Cyprus.
  21. ↑ Keinon, Herb (29 May 2006). "Frank Lowy: From Hagana to $3.8 billion magnate". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Archived from the original on 27 January 2014. Retrieved 4 March 2020. From Atlit Lowy eventually joined the Hagana and then the Golani Brigade, fighting during the War of Independence in the Galilee and in Gaza...
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 Myer, Rod; Lynch, Michael (24 April 2004). "No longer a family affair". The Age. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  23. ↑ Kruger, Colin (10 May 2016). "CBD: Frank's back". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  24. ↑ "Past & Present Reserve Bank Board Members". About the RBA. Reserve Bank of Australia. 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  25. ↑ "Death and taxes: how Frank Lowy faced off one and settled the other". The Australian Financial Review. 18 July 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
  26. ↑ "Probe into Lowys offshore banking". The Sydney Morning Herald. 17 July 2008. Retrieved 17 July 2008.
  27. ↑ Wood, Leonie (9 December 2010). "US ran two investigations into Lowys' bank links". The Age. Australia. Retrieved 29 July 2010.
  28. ↑ Elliott, Geoff; Hewett, Jennifer (18 July 2008). "Lowy family 'hid millions'". The Australian. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
  29. ↑ Hewett, Jennifer (3 March 2011). "Frank Lowy hands Westfield reins to sons". The Australian. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  30. ↑ "Frank Lowy steps down as Scentre Group chairman". Financial Review. Australia. 23 October 2015.
  31. 1 2 3 Hewett, Jennifer (3 November 2010). "Holocaust truth set Frank Lowy free". The Australian. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  32. ↑ "Chai Foundation and JewishCare sign historical agreement" (Press release). Jewish Care NSW. 29 June 2011. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  33. ↑ Lowenfeld, Jonah (19 March 2013). "Seeking impact, Jewish funders convene in L.A." Jewish Journal.
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  35. ↑ "Frank Lowy recalls father's demise in March of the Living address". Retrieved 10 April 2013.
  36. ↑ "The Wagon of Birkenau". Israel: Yad Vashem. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  37. ↑ "Westfield cofounder Frank Lowy at home in Israel". The Australian. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  38. ↑ Patten, Sally (13 December 2020). "Shirley Lowy, the woman behind Westfield, dies in Israel". The Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  39. ↑ Danckert, Sarah (13 December 2020). "The true heart of Westfield: Shirley Lowy dies aged 86". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  40. 1 2 Bailey, Michael; Sprague, Julie-anne (27 May 2021). "The 200 richest people in Australia revealed". Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
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  43. 1 2 Stensholt, John, ed. (25 May 2017). "Financial Review Rich List 2017". Financial Review. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
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  45. ↑ "Australia and New Zealand's 40 Richest: Frank Lowy". Forbes Asia. 1 February 2007. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  46. ↑ Litras, Peter (28 May 2008). "Rich surprise: Alan Bond bounces back". The Age. AAP. Archived from the original on 1 September 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  47. ↑ Thomson, James (20 March 2008). "Australia and New Zealand's 40 Richest: The List". Forbes Asia. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  48. ↑ Zappone, Chris (27 May 2009). "Rich get poorer". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  49. ↑ "Australia's 40 Richest: Frank Lowy". Forbes Asia. 13 May 2009. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  50. ↑ Saulwick, Jacob; Cummins, Caroline (27 May 2010). "Lowy leaves mining magnates in the dust". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  51. ↑ "Australia's 40 Richest: James Packer". Forbes Asia. 3 March 2010. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  52. ↑ "BRW Rich 200 Wealth Index". BRW. Australia. 25 May 2011. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  53. ↑ "Australia's 40 Richest: James Packer". Forbes Asia. March 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  54. ↑ "Rich 200: It's tough at the top". BRW. 24 May 2012. Archived from the original on 4 October 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2012.
  55. ↑ "Australia's 40 Richest: James Packer". Forbes Asia. 1 February 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2012.
  56. ↑ "Rich 200 get richer: Our top 10 billionaires enjoy a year to remember". BRW. Sydney. 14 November 2013. Archived from the original on 16 November 2013. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
  57. ↑ "James Packer". Forbes Asia. March 2013.
  58. ↑ "2014 Australia's 40 Richest". Forbes Asia. January 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
  59. ↑ "2014 BRW Rich 200". BRW. Sydney. 26 June 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  60. ↑ Stensholt, John, ed. (May 2015). "BRW Rich 200 List 2015". Financial Review. Australia.
  61. ↑ "2015 Australia's 50 Richest". Forbes Asia. March 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  62. ↑ Stensholt, John, ed. (27 May 2016). "2016 BRW Rich 200". Financial Review. Australia. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  63. ↑ "2016 Australia's 50 Richest". Forbes Asia. January 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
  64. ↑ "2017 Australia's 50 Richest People: Frank Lowy". Forbes Asia. 11 January 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  65. ↑ Stensholt, John, ed. (25 May 2018). "2018 AFR Rich List: Who are Australia's richest people?". The Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  66. ↑ Bailey, Michael (30 May 2019). "Australia's 200 richest people revealed". The Australian Financial Review. Nine Publishing. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
  67. ↑ "2019 Australia's 50 Richest". Forbes Asia. January 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  68. ↑ Bailey, Michael; Sprague, Julie-anne (30 October 2020). "The full list: Australia's wealthiest 200 revealed". The Australian Financial Review. Nine Publishing. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
  69. ↑ Presenter: Mark Colvin, Reporter: Ross Solly (26 September 2003). "Soccer Australia officially canned". PM. ABC Local Radio. Transcript.
  70. ↑ "Soccer's Australian name change". The Age. 17 December 2004. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
  71. ↑ Sygall, David (7 November 2015). "End of an era".
  72. ↑ Galloway, Patrick (16 November 2015). "Frank Lowy transformed soccer in Australia". ABC.net. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
  73. ↑ Sales, Leigh (18 November 2015). "Frank Lowy: Australia ran clean World Cup bid, outgoing billionaire FFA boss says".
  74. ↑ Wilson, Peter (4 December 2010). "The moment Lowy knew Cup bid was lost". The Australian. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  75. ↑ Wahl, Grant (23 May 2011). "Sorry Soccer: New allegations of corruption underline the need for change in FIFA". Sports Illustrated. United States: Time Inc. p. 16. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  76. ↑ "Bin Hammam denied access to Fifa congress". BBC News. United Kingdom. 1 June 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  77. ↑ Rice, Simon (17 May 2015). "Frank Lowy falls off stage: A-League trophy presentation for Melbourne Victory overshadowed by 84-year-old falling from stage". The Independent. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  78. 1 2 Nethercote, Jane; Webb-Pullman, Marika (17 May 2006). "Forget the filthy rich: here's the Crikey philanthropy list". Crikey.com. Australian. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
  79. ↑ "About the Lowy Institute". The Lowy Institute. Archived from the original on 24 December 2006. Retrieved 4 December 2006.
  80. ↑ Tovey, Josephine (3 September 2008). "Princess Mary opens Victor Chang centre". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
  81. ↑ "Lowy Cancer Research Centre". Key projects. University of New South Wales. Archived from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
  82. ↑ "The Lowy Cancer Research Centre at UNSW – Giving Hope". Alumni e-Newsletter. University of New South Wales. 1 August 2010. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
  83. ↑ "About the Lowy Gift". The Centre is named in recognition of leading businessman and philanthropist Frank Lowy and his family. UNSW Medicine. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  84. ↑ "Sir Frank Lowy Donates $18 Million to Tel Aviv University's International School". Jerusalem Post. 23 July 2023.
  85. ↑ "Search Australian Honours: Lowy, Frank P". It's an Honour. Commonwealth of Australia. 26 January 2000. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
  86. ↑ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  87. ↑ "Howard gets award amid anti-US concern". The Sydney Morning Herald. AAP. 21 August 2005. Retrieved 6 January 2008.
  88. ↑ "Business Leader/Philanthropist Frank Lowy to Receive Henni Friedlander Award for the Common Good". Bowdoin College. 2 October 2007. Retrieved 2 October 2007.
  89. ↑ "New stamps honour five philanthropists". The Age. AAP. 25 January 2008. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  90. ↑ "No. 61962". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 June 2017. p. B2.
  91. ↑ Margo, Jill (15 June 2017). "Once an illegal immigrant, now a Knight Bachelor, arise Sir Frank Lowy". Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
  • Stitson, Roger (15 November 2010). "A Study Guide" (pdf). Family Confidential. Australia: ABC TV. pp. 3–5. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
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