Costa Rica is an active member of the international community and, in 1983, claimed it was for neutrality.[1] Due to certain powerful constituencies favoring its methods, it has a weight in world affairs far beyond its size. The country lobbied aggressively for the establishment of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and became the first nation to recognize the jurisdiction of the Inter-American Human Rights Court, based in San José.

The foreign affairs of the Republic of Costa Rica are a function of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship.

History

Costa Rica gained election as president of the Group of 77 in the United Nations in 1995. That term ended in 1997 with the South-South Conference held in San Jose.

Costa Rica occupied a nonpermanent seat in the Security Council from 1997 to 1999 and exercised a leadership role in confronting crises in the Middle East and Africa, as well as in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It is currently a member of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. On Jan 1 2008 Costa Rica started its third year term on the Security Council.

Costa Rica strongly backed efforts by the United States to implement UN Security Council Resolution 940, which led to the restoration of the democratically elected Government of Haiti in October 1994. Costa Rica was among the first to call for a postponement of the May 22 elections in Peru when international observer missions found electoral machinery not prepared for the vote count.

Costa Rica is also a member of the International Criminal Court, without a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

Costa Rica's relation to Central America

In 1987, then President Óscar Arias authored a regional plan that served as the basis for the Esquipulas Peace Agreement and Arias was awarded the 1987 Nobel Peace Prize for his work. Arias also promoted change in the USSR-backed Nicaraguan government of the era. Costa Rica also hosted several rounds of negotiations between the Salvadoran Government and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, aiding El Salvador's efforts to emerge from civil war and culminating in that country's 1994 free and fair elections. Costa Rica has been a strong proponent of regional arms-limitation agreements. Former President Miguel Ángel Rodríguez recently proposed the abolition of all Central American militaries and the creation of a regional counternarcotics police force in their stead.

With the establishment of democratically elected governments in all Central American nations by the 1990s, Costa Rica turned its focus from regional conflicts to the pursuit of neoliberal policies on the isthmus. The influence of these policies, along with the US invasion of Panama, was instrumental in drawing Panama into the Central American model of neoliberalism. Costa Rica also participated in the multinational Partnership for Democracy and Development in Central America.

Regional political integration has not proven attractive to Costa Rica. The country debated its role in the Central American integration process under former President Calderon. Costa Rica has sought concrete economic ties with its Central American neighbors rather than the establishment of regional political institutions, and it chose not to join the Central American Parliament.

Costa Rica in the UN

Costa Rica has been an active member of the United Nations since its inception at the San Francisco Conference in 1945. Its first ambassador to the United Nations was Fernando Soto Harrison, the secretary of governance under President Picado.[2]

Costa Rican Christiana Figueres was nominated for the post of UN secretary-general in July 2016.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries with which Costa Rica maintains diplomatic relations:

# Country Date
1  Honduras 1 July 1839[3]
2  Guatemala 18 August 1839[4]
3  El Salvador 10 December 1845[5]
4  United Kingdom 28 February 1848[3]
5  Germany 10 March 1848[3]
6  France 12 March 1848[6]
7  Italy 1849[6]
8  Spain 10 May 1850[7]
9  United States 24 March 1851[8]
10  Peru 25 April 1852[3]
11  Netherlands 12 July 1852[3]
12  Colombia 11 June 1856[9]
13  Brazil 1857[3]
14  Belgium 26 July 1858[3]
15  Chile 1858[10]
16  Argentina 1862[11]
17   Switzerland 1865[3]
18  Nicaragua 30 July 1868[12]
19  Russia 1872[3]
20  Austria 1873[3]
21  Mexico 3 August 1876[13]
22  Dominican Republic 1876[14]
23  Paraguay 1883[3]
24  Sweden 1883[3]
25  Ecuador 26 October 1885[15]
26  Venezuela 22 June 1891[16]
27  Panama 29 December 1903[17]
28  Cuba 1907[3]
—  Holy See 1908[18]
29  Portugal 10 July 1913[19]
30  Bolivia 1913[3]
31  Uruguay 16 January 1930[20]
32  Poland 18 November 1933[21]
33  Czech Republic 21 March 1935[22]
34  Japan February 1935[3]
35  Norway 2 May 1939[23]
36  Philippines 5 July 1946[24]
37  Turkey 20 April 1950[25]
38  Israel 22 October 1954[26]
39  Haiti 29 September 1955[27]
40  Denmark 26 September 1956[28]
—  Sovereign Military Order of Malta 8 August 1957[29]
41  Canada 20 January 1961[30]
42  South Korea 15 August 1962[31]
43  Luxembourg 29 January 1963[32]
44  Syria 15 December 1964[33]
45  Egypt 1964[34]
46  Greece 2 July 1965[35]
47  Finland 23 August 1966[36]
48  Hungary 14 May 1970[37]
49  Bulgaria 9 October 1970[38]
50  Romania 4 July 1970[39]
51  Trinidad and Tobago 21 May 1971[40]
52  Jamaica 21 July 1971[41]
53  Barbados 6 March 1972[42]
54  Albania 20 February 1973[43]
55  Tunisia 15 October 1973[44]
56  Pakistan 9 November 1973[45]
57  Ivory Coast 1973[46]
58  North Korea 10 February 1974[47]
59  Guyana 17 April 1974[48]
60  Cameroon April 1974[49]
61  Australia July 1974[50]
62  Bahamas 1974[51]
63  Nigeria 26 June 1975[52]
64  Vietnam 24 April 1976[53]
65  Sri Lanka 11 June 1976[54]
66  Libya 2 December 1976[55]
67  Myanmar 8 March 1977[56]
68  Malaysia April 1977[57]
69  Mongolia 6 June 1977[58]
70    Nepal 16 August 1977[59]
71  Papua New Guinea 28 April 1978[60]
72  Senegal 23 January 1979[61]
73  Suriname 1 March 1979[62]
74  Togo 11 June 1979[63]
75  Belize September 1981[64]
76  Cyprus 17 November 1981[65]
77  Kenya 1982[66]
78  Antigua and Barbuda 16 January 1984[67]
79  Indonesia 3 January 1985[68]
80  India 1985[69]
81  Morocco 25 September 1986[70]
82  Singapore 1 September 1987[71]
83  New Zealand 5 July 1988[72]
84  Algeria 13 March 1990[73]
85  Saint Lucia 1991[74]
86  Seychelles 17 March 1992[73]
87  Lithuania 17 May 1992[75]
88  Ukraine 9 June 1992[73]
89  Saint Kitts and Nevis 11 June 1992[76]
90  Marshall Islands 15 June 1992[77]
91  Belarus 24 June 1992[78]
92  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines June 1992[79]
93  Grenada 31 August 1992[80]
94  Slovakia 6 January 1993[81]
95  Estonia 4 October 1993[82]
96  Brunei 14 April 1994[73]
97  Benin 28 June 1994[73]
98  South Africa 4 October 1994[73]
99  Guinea-Bissau 28 March 1995[73]
100  Bosnia and Herzegovina 19 October 1995[83]
101  Croatia 19 October 1995[84]
102  Slovenia 19 October 1995[85]
103  Andorra 22 May 1996[73]
104  Cape Verde 23 May 1996[73]
105  Kazakhstan 1 October 1996[73]
106  North Macedonia 15 October 1996[73]
107  Iceland 10 January 1997[86]
108  Azerbaijan 15 January 1997[87]
109  Armenia 8 April 1997[88]
110  Lesotho 17 April 1998[73]
111  Georgia 5 May 1998[73]
112  Gambia 26 October 1999[73]
113  Cambodia Before 1999[89]
114  Ethiopia Before 1999[89]
115  Liberia Before 1999[89]
116  Malta Before 1999[89]
117  Namibia Before 1999[89]
118  Moldova 4 May 2000[73]
119  Liechtenstein 12 January 2000[90]
120  Thailand 25 April 2000[3]
121  Ghana 11 July 2000[3]
122  Ireland 15 September 2000[73]
123  Tajikistan 28 February 2001[73]
124  Rwanda 8 March 2001[73]
125  Angola 13 March 2001[73]
126  Mozambique 15 March 2001[73]
127  Serbia 23 March 2001[73]
128  Dominica 10 May 2001[73]
129  Uzbekistan 7 June 2001[73]
130  Burkina Faso 22 June 2001[73]
131  Kyrgyzstan 24 September 2001[73]
132  East Timor 14 May 2003[73]
133  Latvia 15 May 2003[73]
134  Qatar 17 March 2004[73]
135  Bahrain 22 September 2006[73]
136  Kuwait 22 September 2006[91]
137  Jordan 10 January 2007[73]
138  Montenegro 24 May 2007[91]
139  China 1 June 2007[91]
140  Lebanon 24 August 2007[73]
141  Uganda 29 August 2007[91]
142  Yemen 4 September 2007[91]
143  Republic of Congo 4 September 2007[73]
144  Botswana 11 September 2007[91]
145  Eswatini 24 September 2007[73]
146  Burundi 28 September 2007[91]
147  Guinea 1 October 2007[91]
148  Oman 19 December 2007[73]
—  State of Palestine 5 February 2008[73]
149  San Marino 6 April 2009[92]
150  United Arab Emirates 11 March 2010[73]
151  Maldives 21 September 2010[73]
152  Bhutan 21 March 2012[73]
153  Fiji 2 August 2013[73]
—  Kosovo 23 September 2013[93]
154  Zambia 28 May 2014[94]
155  Laos 28 September 2015[73]
156  Monaco 22 October 2015[95]
157  Saudi Arabia 7 December 2015[73]
158  Vanuatu 28 September 2018[96]
159  Bangladesh Unknown
160  Iran Unknown

Bilateral relations

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Azerbaijan 15 January 1997[97]
  • The diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Costa Rica were established on January 15, 1997.[97]
  • The Republic of Azerbaijan is accredited to the Republic of Costa Rica through its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico.[98]
 Belize1981
 China

See China–Costa Rica relations

Costa Rica maintained official relations with the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) instead of the People's Republic of China (commonly known as China) until June 1, 2007, when it opened relations with China. Taiwan then broke relations on June 7.[100]

  • China has an embassy in San José.
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Beijing.
 Cuba

Soon after Fidel Castro declared Cuba a socialist state, Costa Rican President Mario Echandi Jiménez ended diplomatic relations on 10 September 1961 with the island through Executive Decree Number 2, in compliance with sanctions placed on Cuba by the Organization of American States. In 1995, Costa Rica established a consular office in Havana. Cuba opened a consular office in Costa Rica in 2001. Forty-seven years after the initial freeze, Costa Rican President Óscar Arias Sánchez announced on 18 March 2009 that normal relations were to be re-established, saying, "If we have been able to turn the page with regimes as profoundly different to our reality as occurred with the USSR or, more recently, with the Republic of China, how would we not do it with a country that is geographically and culturally much nearer to Costa Rica?" Arias also announced that both countries would exchange ambassadors.[101] The next day, Cuba's government announced that it agreed to re-establishing relations.

  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Havana.
  • Cuba has an embassy in San José.
 Guyana17 April 1974
 India
  • India has honorary consulate in San José.[103]
  • Costa Rica maintains an embassy in New Delhi.[104]
 Israel

Costa Rica recognized Israel on June 19, 1948.[105] The Embassy of Costa Rica was located in Tel Aviv until it moved to Jerusalem in 1982.[106] As of 1984, Costa Rica and El Salvador were the only two countries that recognized Israel and also maintained an embassy in Jerusalem.[107] In 2006, the Embassy of Costa Rica relocated to Tel Aviv;[108] Costa Rican President Óscar Arias said the decision was intended to "rectify a historic error".[109]

In December 2011, Rodrigo Carreras became the Costa Rican ambassador to Israel for the second time, after his posting there in the 1980s. Carreras' father, Benjamin Nunez, also served as the Costa Rican ambassador to Israel.[110]

  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Tel Aviv.
  • Israel has an embassy in San José.
 Kosovo23 September 2013

Costa Rica officially recognised the independence of the Republic of Kosovo on 17 February 2008.[111] Costa Rica and Kosovo established diplomatic relations on 23 September 2013.[112][113]

 Mexico1838See Costa Rica–Mexico relations

Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Costa Rica began in 1838.

 RussiaSee Costa Rica–Russia relations

Holders of a Russian passport need a visa authorized by Costa Rica, or alternatively Costa Rican authorities will accept Russian nationals with a visa stamp for the European Union, Canada, US, South Korea, or Japan valid for 90 days after arrival; with a tourist visa, Russians can stay in Costa Rica for a maximum of 90 days.[116] In order to get a tourist visa, the person needs to apply for it in the closest Costa Rican embassy to where the person is living. They must have a valid passport and either have an invitation letter or a bank statement with enough money to survive the length of the stay in Costa Rica, plus proof of onward travel (ticket to exit Costa Rica & legal ability to travel to the destination stated on the ticket). Holders of a Costa Rican passport also need a visa from Russian authorities.

  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Moscow.
  • Russia has an embassy in San José.
 Serbia1952[117]
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations in 1952.[118]
  • A number of bilateral agreements have been concluded and are in force between both countries.[119]
 South Korea15 August 1962[117]

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Costa Rica began on 15 August 1962.

  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Seoul.[120]
  • South Korea has an embassy in San José.[121]
 Spain1850See Costa Rica–Spain relations
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Madrid.[122]
  • Spain has an embassy in San José.[123]
 TurkeyJan. 15, 1898[124]See Costa Rica–Turkey relations
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Ankara.[125]
  • Turkey has an embassy in San José.[125]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$100 million in 2019 (Costa Rican exports/imports: 41.8/58.9 million USD).[125]
 United StatesSee Costa Rica–United States relations

The United States is Costa Rica's most important trading partner. The U.S. accounts for almost half of Costa Rica's exports, imports, and tourism, and more than two-thirds of its foreign investment. The two countries share growing concerns for the environment and want to preserve Costa Rica's important tropical resources and prevent environmental degradation. In 2007, the United States reduced Costa Rica's debt in exchange for protection and conservation of Costa Rican forests through a debt for nature swap under the auspices of the Tropical Forest Conservation Act. This is the largest such agreement of its kind to date.

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.

 UruguaySee Costa Rica–Uruguay relations
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in San José.
 Zambia 28 May 2014 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 2014 when first Ambassador of Zambia to Costa Rica (resident in Washington) Mr. Palan Mulonda presented his credentials to President Luis Guillermo Solís.[128]

See also

Sources

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  2. ↑ Soto Harrison, Fernando (1991). Que Paso en los Anos Quaranta. San Jose: Universidad Estatal a Distancia.
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  81. ↑ "Štáty a teritóriá" (in Slovak). Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  82. ↑ "Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia" (in Estonian). 30 January 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  83. ↑ "Datumi priznanja i uspostave diplomatskih odnosa". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  84. ↑ "Bilateral relations - Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
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  86. ↑ "Iceland - Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Government of Iceland. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
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  89. 1 2 3 4 5 Memoria (in Spanish). 1999. p. 364.
  90. ↑ "Relación de Costa Rica con Liechtenstein" (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  91. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Costa Rica y Palestina acordaron hoy el establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas" (in Spanish). 5 February 2008. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
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  93. ↑ Gëzim Visoka (2018). Acting Like a State: Kosovo and the Everyday Making of Statehood. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 219–221. ISBN 9781138285330.
  94. ↑ "Finlandia, Grecia, Guyana y Zambia acreditan a sus nuevos embajadores ante Solís". La Nacion (in Spanish). 28 May 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  95. ↑ "Diplomatie - Accréditations d'Ambassadeurs Afrique du Sud - Nouvelle-Zélande- Costa Rica" (in French). 23 October 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  96. ↑ "Costa Rica establece relaciones diplomáticas con la República de Vanuatu" (in Spanish). 28 September 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  97. 1 2 "Costa Rica". mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 2021-06-25. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
  98. ↑ pickvisa.com. "Azerbaijan Embassies in Costa Rica". pickvisa.com. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
  99. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-12-30. Retrieved 2019-02-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  100. ↑ "Costa Rica switches allegiance to China from Taiwan - Boston.com". Archived from the original on 2009-01-03. Retrieved 2007-06-07.
  101. ↑ Costa Rica re-establishes ties with Cuba Archived 2012-01-21 at the Wayback Machine CNN World, 2009-03-18.
  102. ↑ "Countries with which Guyana has Establishment Diplomatic Relations – Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation| Co-operative Republic of Guyana".
  103. ↑ Indian Honorary Consulate in Costa Rica
  104. ↑ Costa Rica Embassy in India
  105. ↑ "Israel International Relations: International Recognition of Israel". Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Accessed on 23 December 2015.
  106. ↑ "Costa Rican embassy returned to Jerusalem". The Sun. Baltimore, Maryland, United States. 25 May 1982. p. A4.
  107. ↑ Walsh, Edward (16 June 1984). "Israel's Diplomacy Makes Central America a Market for Its Arms: Israel Repays Allies With Military Sales". The Washington Post. p. A17.
  108. ↑ "Costa Rican embassy moves to Tel Aviv". Jewish News. Whippany, New Jersey, United States. 24 Aug 2006. p. 21.
  109. ↑ "A capital sans embassies". Jewish Chronicle. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 31 Aug 2006. p. 6.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  110. ↑ "Peres: Israel has fantastic respect for Egyptian president Archived 2016-01-02 at the Wayback Machine". Costa Rica News. 2010.
  111. ↑ Costa Rica se pronuncia por la independencia de Kósovo Archived 2008-02-26 at the Wayback Machine, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto, 2008-02-17 (in Spanish)
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  113. ↑ "Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto".
  114. ↑ "Embassy of Costa Rica in Mexico City (in Spanish)". Archived from the original on 2019-11-22. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  115. ↑ Embassy of Mexico in San José (in Spanish)
  116. ↑ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  117. 1 2 "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea". Archived from the original on 2014-01-22.
  118. ↑ "Costa Rica". Archived from the original on 2020-07-04. Retrieved 2016-12-31.
  119. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-01. Retrieved 2016-12-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  120. ↑ "백설공주와 일곱난쟁이 : 네이버 블로그".
  121. ↑ "주 코스타리카공화국 대한민국 대사관".
  122. ↑ Embassy of Costa Rica in Spain
  123. ↑ "Embassy of Spain in Costa Rica". Archived from the original on 2021-03-09. Retrieved 2014-11-28.
  124. ↑ "II.Bilateral Relations (Main Documents)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
  125. 1 2 3 "Relations between Turkey and Costa Rica".
  126. ↑ Embassy of Costa Rica in Washington, DC (in English and Spanish)
  127. ↑ "Embassy of the United States in San José (in English and Spanish)". Archived from the original on 2013-01-27. Retrieved 2019-12-18.
  128. ↑ "Finlandia, Grecia, Guyana y Zambia acreditan a sus nuevos embajadores ante Solís". La Nacion (in Spanish). 28 May 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2023.

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