Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
State Union of Serbia and Montenegro
National flag of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)
UseNational flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag
Proportion1:2
Adopted27 April 1992 (1992-04-27)[1]
Relinquished3 June 2006 (2006-06-03)
DesignThree equal horizontal bands, blue (top), white, and red
UseCivil flag and ensign Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag
Proportion2:3
Adopted27 April 1992 (1992-04-27)[2]
Relinquished3 June 2006 (2006-06-03)
DesignThree equal horizontal bands, blue (top), white and red
UseNaval ensign Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag
Proportion2:3
Adopted31 May 1993 (1993-05-31)[3]
Relinquished3 June 2006 (2006-06-03)
UseNaval jack Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag
Proportion2:3
Adopted31 May 1993 (1993-05-31)[4]
Relinquished3 June 2006 (2006-06-03)

The flag of Serbia and Montenegro was originally adopted on 27 April 1992 as the flag of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FR Yugoslavia) and was used as such from 1992 to 2006. After the country was renamed to the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in February 2003 it remained in use as the national flag until the country's dissolution in June 2006.[5]

Aside from a different aspect ratio, it is essentially the same flag as the one once used by the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941). The tricolor without a red star in the centre was inherited from the flag of its direct predecessor state, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1943–1992). It was similar to an inverted Dutch flag.[6]

History

The flag of Serbia and Montenegro had its origins in the flag of Yugoslavia used by the Kingdom of Yugoslavia which was later amended by the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia government to display a socialist red star. Following the fall of communism and breakup of Yugoslavia, the remaining republics of Serbia and Montenegro reconstituted the country on 27 April 1992 as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and adopted a new flag by removing the socialist red star from the old one. This made Yugoslavia the last country in Europe to remove a red star from its flag.[7] However, due to United Nations Security Council Resolution 777, FR Yugoslavia was not permitted to inherit SFR Yugoslavia's United Nations membership. Between 1992 and 2000, the old SFR flag continued to fly outside the United Nations Headquarters because the new government of FR Yugoslavia refused to apply for membership over their claims of sole legal state succession being rejected by the European Community, United States and other successor states of the former SFRY. Following a successful application to membership in the UN in 2000, the old flag was removed and replaced with the Federal Republic flag.[8]

The decision to change the flag was controversial with socialist parties in FR Yugoslavia. When it was unveiled, Socialist Party of Serbia councilors in Tutin refused to work on the municipal council on the grounds that "the flag of another state is displayed in the offices of the Town Hall".[9] As FR Yugoslavia came under UN sanctions due to ongoing wars, athletes from the country competed as Independent Olympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics and marched under the neutral Olympic flag, instead of the Yugoslav one.[10]

In 2003, when FR Yugoslavia was renamed as Serbia and Montenegro, there were disputes over any new symbols to be used for the state union. It was alleged that the new Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro prohibited the use of the old Yugoslav symbols until a law on them was brought before the Parliament of Serbia and Montenegro and one was required to be brought within sixty days of the new Parliament sitting.[11] The flag remained unchanged, however, as reaching any sort of agreement between the two sides upon a logical new flag was difficult; the individual regional flags of Serbia and Montenegro differed between each other only in the shade of blue being used, while both differed in the order of colors from the Yugoslav one.[11][12] As predicted, the Serbian and Montenegrin delegations were unable to agree on a new flag so they continued to use the old starless Yugoslav flag until the union's dissolution in 2006.[13] Some Serbians and Montenegrins started to reject the flag in favour of the old flag of SFR Yugoslavia due to a sense of nostalgia and due to a feeling of abandonment from the international community.[14] Montenegro did not support the flag continuing to be used to represent them and in 2004, the Parliament of Montenegro adopted a new flag to replace the flag of Serbia and Montenegro within their republic. However, this remained a regional flag within the union until Montenegrin independence in 2006.[15]

During the dispute following the change of name from Yugoslavia to Serbia and Montenegro, the flag was used to represent Serbia and Montenegro in football as UEFA allowed the Serbia and Montenegro national football team to continue to use the Yugoslavian flag and their Yugoslavian kits whilst the decision was made.[16][17] In 2006, shortly after the country's dissolution, the Serbia and Montenegro football team entered the 2006 FIFA World Cup for one last time using the flag they had qualified under.[18][19] Paradoxically, the team was representing a country that no longer existed under a flag that was no longer in use, as both Montenegro and Serbia adopted their own flags upon dissolution and independence.[18][20][21]

Post-dissolution

Following Montenegro voting for independence and the union being dissolved by a unanimous vote of the Serbian deputies (as the Montenegrin deputies had boycotted it), the flag was lowered from the Parliament building in Belgrade on 5 June 2006.[22] At the Serbian military headquarters, the flag was ceremonially lowered to "Hey, Slavs", the Serbian and Montenegrin national anthem, overseen by the Minister of Defence Zoran Stanković.[20] Following the dissolution of Serbian and Montenegro, the two successor states adopted their own flags. Montenegro continued to use the regional flag they had adopted in 2004.[23] Serbia adopted a new flag using the same colours of the flag of Serbia and Montenegro (with the three coloured bars in a different order) but included the coat of arms of Serbia defaced on it.[20]

Other flags

FlagDateUseDescription
2003[24]Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Proposed national flag of Serbia and MontenegroSerbian tricolour
2004–2006[25]Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag State flag of Serbia (2004–2006)Serbian tricolour with small coat of arms on the left side
1992–2004[26]Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag State flag of SerbiaSerbian tricolour
2004–2006[27]Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag State flag of MontenegroRed field with golden border and Montenegrin coat of arms in the center
1993–2004[28]Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag State flag of MontenegroSerbian tricolour with lighter shade of blue
1992–1993Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag State flag of MontenegroSerbian tricolour with Red Star in the center
1993–2006[29]Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Standard of the President1:1 proportioned Yugoslav tricolour with the Serbian eagle (version used by Serbia and Montenegro) in the center and blue-red border fleury
1995–2006[30]Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Standard of the Prime Minister1:1 proportioned Yugoslav tricolour
1995–2006[31]Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Standard of a Member of the High Defense Council1:1 proportioned Yugoslav tricolour with Serbian eagle in the center (version used by Serbia and Montenegro)
1995–2006[32]Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Standard of the Minister of Defense1:1 proportioned Yugoslav tricolour with small emblem of the Armed Forces in the center
1995–2006[33]Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Standard of the Chief of the General Staff1:1 proportioned white field with Serbian eagle in the center (Serbo-Montenegrin version) plus blue and red stripes at the border

Rank flags

FlagDateUseDescription
1993–2006Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Flag of the Admiral of the Fleet1:1 Yugoslav tricolour with blue and red stripes at the border plus a golden anchor in the upper left corner
1993–2006Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Flag of an admiral1:1 proportioned white field with golden anchor in the upper left corner and blue and red stripes at the border
1993–2006Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Flag of a vice admiral1:1 proportioned red field with blue and red stripes at the border and a golden anchor in the upper left corner
1993–2006Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Flag of a rear admiral1:1 proportioned blue field with golden anchor in the upper left corner and blue and red stripes at the border

See also

References

  1. ↑ "National Flag". The Flags & Arms of the Modern Era. Archived from the original on 2018-06-21. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  2. ↑ "Civil Ensign". The Flags & Arms of the Modern Era. Archived from the original on 2018-06-21. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  3. ↑ "Naval Ensign". The Flags & Arms of the Modern Era. Archived from the original on 2018-06-21. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  4. ↑ "Jack". The Flags & Arms of the Modern Era. Archived from the original on 2018-06-21. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  5. ↑ "Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)". Flags of the World. Archived from the original on 21 November 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
  6. ↑ "Balkan fans cheer dead country". 12 February 2003. Archived from the original on 3 June 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2019 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
  7. ↑ McAdams, Michael (1992). Croatia: Myth and Reality. CIS Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 9780963362513.
  8. ↑ Steele, Johnathon (2000-11-02). "UN welcomes Yugoslavia and furls Tito's flag". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  9. ↑ Spotlight on: Human Rights in FR Yugoslavia : 1998 Report. Vol. 28. Humanitarian Law Center. 1999. p. 38. Archived from the original on 2021-06-05. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  10. ↑ Scharf, Michael (2001). The Law of International Organizations: Problems and Materials. Carolina Academic Press. p. 109. ISBN 9780890899465.
  11. 1 2 "Serbia-Montenegro: Search For New Coat Of Arms, Flag Symbolic Of Past Conflict". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 2003-02-10. Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  12. ↑ Schuman, Michael (2014). Serbia and Montenegro. Infobase Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 978-1438122526.
  13. ↑ Price, Matthew (2003-10-07). "Belgrade flag flap reveals identity crisis". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2009-01-12. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  14. ↑ Kampschror, Beth (2005-08-15). "In troubled Balkans, nostalgia rises for Yugoslavia". Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on 2021-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  15. ↑ "Montenegro picks national symbols". BBC News. 2004-07-13. Archived from the original on 2007-09-11. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  16. ↑ "Serbia and Montenegro debut". UEFA. 11 February 2003. Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  17. ↑ Price, Matthew (2003-02-12). "Balkan fans cheer dead country". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2017-09-09. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  18. 1 2 "Flags". MacMillan. 2006. Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  19. ↑ "Germany in tough on Friday". The Province. 2006-06-29. Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2021-05-17 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. 1 2 3 "Serbia Flag". Associated Press. 2006-06-06. Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  21. ↑ "Serbia-Montenegro a World Cup team without a country". ESPN. Associated Press. 2006-06-15. Retrieved 2022-07-21.
  22. ↑ "At a Glance". The Daily Reporter. 2006-06-05. Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2021-05-17 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. ↑ "Flag of Montenegro". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2020-07-16. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  24. ↑ "Belgrade flag flap reveals identity crisis". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2009-01-12. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  25. ↑ "State Flag, 2004 – 2010". The Flags & Arms of the Modern Era. Archived from the original on 2018-07-05. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  26. ↑ "Republic of Serbia, 1992 – 2004". The Flags & Arms of the Modern Era. Archived from the original on 2003-12-11. Retrieved 2018-07-05. Adopted: about 1992
  27. ↑ "Republic of Montenegro". The Flags & Arms of the Modern Era. Archived from the original on 2017-09-27. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  28. ↑ "Republic of Montenegro, 1993 – 2004". The Flags & Arms of the Modern Era. Archived from the original on 2003-12-11. Retrieved 2018-07-05. Adopted: 29th December 1993
  29. ↑ "President of the Republic". The Flags & Arms of the Modern Era. Archived from the original on 2018-06-21. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  30. ↑ "Prime Minister". The Flags & Arms of the Modern Era. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  31. ↑ "High Defence Council Member". The Flags & Arms of the Modern Era. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  32. ↑ "Minister of Defence". The Flags & Arms of the Modern Era. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  33. ↑ "Chief of the General Staff". The Flags & Arms of the Modern Era. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
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