1600s

The church was founded in 1632 and held its services for a time in the Great House in the City Square and was later one of the six churches that led to the creation of Harvard University.^[1] Rev. John Harvard served as an assistant minister at the church until his death from tuberculosis, from 1637-1638.^[2] Rev. Increase Mather and his son Rev. Cotton Mather were close friends of the Shepherds of whom two of them, Thomas Sr. and Thomas Jr. became pastors of First Church.^[3]

1700s

During the American Revolutionary War, the historic first building of First Church was burnt during the battle of Bunker Hill as a result of fires set by a British landing party. A second building was built and used until the merger with its daughter church in the 1800s

1800s

In the 1800s the church merged with its daughter congregation and moved into their facility which is the one used today as the current home of the church which shares some of the same architecture design as the original building. At one point, the church launched daughter churches in Charlestown and Old South Church^[4] in Boston, MA

1900s

The church was used during the bussing controversy as a safe haven for African-American students. Some of the front windows are still boarded up today as a result of rocks and bricks being thrown through them in violence that rocked the city.

2000s

Starting in 2014 the church began a revitalization process together with Celebration Church, a local Brazilian congregation. Celebration Church provided ministerial care for the aging congregation of First Church, and made a major financial investment in refurbishing the facility. In 2016 Celebration Church moved out of First Church into neighboring Memorial Hall, where they continued their ministry and began another major refurbishment effort.

First Church had been historically a Congregational church; upon the installation of Rev. Erik Maloy in 2015, the church also became a member of the Southern Baptist Convention through its affiliation with the Baptist Convention of New England. The church also became part of The Gospel Coalition and 9 Marks networks, as well as one of the cohort churches in Overseed, an organization dedicated to reviving historic New England churches, by returning them to a Gospel preaching view of theology. After the departure of Celebration Church, the congregation of First Church continued to make a number of updates on its interior to make the church more modern in appearance. The downstairs fellowship area was updated in 2017 to include themed lights and a projector screen for presentations, as well as new paint and wood flooring. The Sanctuary was recently painted, as well as two LED TVs and a screen for music and other needs of the church.

At its height in 1837, the church had 271 members. In 2015, shortly after Celebration Church moved in to help revitalize the congregation, it had just 15 members, and, as of 2018, boasts 45-60 members and attendees. The church is involved in a number of activities within the Charleston neighborhood, that has helped its reputation with the community and made it begin to thrive once more.

In 2017, the church began to livestream its Sunday morning services on its Facebook page.

In 2022 First Church merged into a local church plant and became the new home of Christ Church Charlestown.