This is a family tree of Chinese monarchs from the foundation of the Qin dynasty in 221 BCE until the end of the Sixteen Kingdoms period.

Family tree of Chinese monarchs

Qin dynasty

The Qin dynasty (秦朝) was established in 221 BCE after Qin Shi Huang, King of Qin, conquered his final independent neighbour, the state of Qi. It is now recognised as the first Chinese imperial dynasty in the modern sense of the term; in recognition of this, its rulers were for the first time titled "Emperor" (皇帝), a title of which the components are drawn from legend, higher than the previous title "King" (王). The ancestral name of the family was Ying (嬴), although it is anachronistic to regard this as a family name in the modern sense: it would not have been used together with a given name. The titles of the Qin emperors were literally regnal numbers: "Qin Shi Huang" (秦始皇), in full "Qin Shi Huangdi" (秦始皇帝) means literally "the first Emperor of Qin", "Qin Er Shi" (秦二世), in full "Qin Er Shi Huangdi" (秦二世皇帝) means "the second Emperor of Qin", and so forth.

Qin Dynasty
See: family tree of
the Kings of Qin
Zheng 政 259–210 BC
King of Qin 秦王 247–221 BC
Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇
221–210 BC
118 or 25 (disputed)
Fusu 扶蘇
d. 210 BC		Huhai 胡亥 229–207 BC
Qin Er Shi 秦二世
210–207 BC
Ziying 子嬰 d. 206 BC
Qin San Shi 秦三世
207 BC

Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms

Han dynasty, Xin dynasty and Shu Han

Emperor Xian, the last emperor of the Han dynasty, was a descendant of the first emperor Liu Bang. Lasting for over 400 years (the first to last for more than a century), the Han dynasty is regarded as one of the golden ages of Chinese history. The Han dynasty was interrupted by the reign of the usurper Wang Mang, who declared the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD); on this basis, the Han dynasty is generally divided into the Western Han (206 BC – 9 AD and 23–25 AD) and the Eastern Han (25–220 AD). The rulers of the Shu Han, one of the three successor states to the Han dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period, were descended from the Han imperial family, and considered themselves a continuation of the Han dynasty; they are included below.

Han Dynasty, Xin Dynasty and Shu Han
Liu Taigong
劉太公 d. 197 BC
234
Liu Xi 劉喜
d. 193 BC
Prince Qing
of Dai 代頃王		Liu Bang 劉邦
256–195 BC
Gaozu 高祖
206–195 BC		Liu Jiao 劉交
d. 178 BC
Prince Yuan
of Chu 楚元王
1124569
Liu Pi 劉濞
216–154 BC
Prince of Wu 吳王		Liu Fei 劉肥
d. 189 BC
Prince Daohui
of Qi 齊悼惠王		Liu Ying 劉盈
210–188 BC
Huidi 惠帝
195–188 BC		Liu Ruyi
劉如意
208–194 BC
Prince Yin
of Zhao 趙隱王		Liu Heng 劉恆
202–157 BC
Wendi 文帝
180–157 BC		Liu You 劉友
d. 181 BC
Prince Ji
of Zhao 趙幽王		Princess
Luyuan
d.187 BC		Liu Yingke
劉郢客
d. 174 BC
Prince Yi
of Chu 楚夷王
31212
Liu Zhang
劉章 d. 177 BC
Prince Jing
of Chengyang
城陽景王		Liu Gong 劉恭
Qianshao
前少
188–184 BC		Liu Hong 劉弘
Houshao
後少
184–180 BC		Liu Qi 劉啟
188–141 BC
Jingdi 景帝
157–141 BC		Liu Wu 劉武
c.184–144 BC
Prince Xiao
of Liang		Liu Sui 劉遂
d. 154 BC
Prince of Zhao
趙王		Liu Wu 劉戊
d. 154 BC
Prince of Chu
楚王
56910
Liu Xi 劉喜
Prince Gong
of Chengyang
城阳恭王		Liu Fei 劉非
169–128 BC
Prince Yi
of Jiangdu
江都易王		Liu Fa 劉發
d. 127 BC
Prince Ding
of Changsha
长沙定王		Liu Sheng
劉勝 d. 113 BC
Prince Jing
of Zhongshan
中山靖王		Liu Che 劉徹
157–87 BC
Wudi 武帝
141–87 BC		Princess
Pingyang
平陽公主
13156
Liu Yan 劉延
Prince Qing
of Chengyang
城阳顷王		Liu Mai 劉買
Marquess Jie
of Chongling
舂陵节侯		Liu Ju 劉據
128–91 BC
Crown Prince Li
戾太子		Liu Bo 劉髆
d. 86 BC
Prince Ai
of Changyi
昌邑哀王		Liu Fuling 劉弗陵
94–74 BC>
Zhaodi 昭帝
87–74 BC
1211
Liu Yi 劉义
Prince Jing
of Chengyang
城阳敬王		Liu Xiongqu
劉熊渠
Marquess Dai
of Chongling
舂陵戴侯		Liu Wai 劉外
Govnr. of
Yulin Comm.
郁林太守		Liu Jin 劉進
113–91 BC
Emperor's father
Dao 悼皇考		Liu He 劉賀
~92–59 BC
Pr. of Changyi
昌邑王
74 BC
Liu Wu 劉武
Prince Hui
of Chengyang
城阳惠王		Liu Li 劉利
Govnr. of
Cangwu Comm.
苍梧太守		Liu Hui 劉回
Superint. of
Julu 巨鹿都尉		Wang Jin
王禁		Liu Xun 劉詢
91–49 BC
Xuandi 宣帝
74–49 BC
13
Liu Shun 劉顺
Prince Huang
of Chengyang
城阳荒王		Liu Zizhang
劉子張		Liu Qin 劉欽
d. 3 AD
Magistr. of
Nandun county
南顿令		Wang Man
王曼		Wang
Zhengjun
王政君
71 BC–13 AD		Liu Shi 劉奭
75–33 BC
Yuandi 元帝
49–33 BC		Liu Xiao 劉囂
d. 25 BC
Prince Xiao
of Chu 楚孝王
WESTN HAN
RESTORATION		EASTN HANXIN
DYNASTY		123
Liu Xian 劉宪
Marquess
of Shi 式侯		Liu Xuan 劉玄
d. 25 AD
Gengshi
更始
23–25 AD		Liu Xiu 劉秀
5 BC – 57 AD
Guangwu
光武
25–57 AD		45 BC–23 AD
Wang Mang
王莽
9–23 AD		Liu Ao 劉驁
51–7 BC
Chengdi
成帝
33–7 BC		Liu Kang 劉康
d. 23 BC
Gongdi 恭帝		Liu Xing 劉興
d. 8 BC
Prince Xiao
of Zhongshan
中山孝王		Liu Xun 劉勳
Marquess Yang
of Guangqi
广戚炀侯
47
Liu Meng 劉萌
Marquess
of Shi 式侯		Liu Zhuang 劉莊
28–75 AD
Mingdi 明帝
57–75 AD		Liu Ying
劉英 d. 71
Prince of Chu		Liu Xin 劉欣
27–1 BC
Aidi 哀帝
7–1 BC		Empress
Wang
王皇后
8 BC – 23 AD		Liu Kan 劉衎
9 BC – 6 AD
Pingdi 平帝
1 BC – 6 AD		Liu Xian 劉顯
Marquess of
Guangqi 广戚侯
1
Liu Penzi
劉盆子
b.10 AD
25–27 AD		Liu Da 劉炟
57–88 AD
Zhangdi 章帝
75–88 AD		Liu Ying 劉嬰
5–25 AD
Ruzi 孺子
6–9 AD
13456
Liu Kang 劉伉
d. 93
Prince Zhen
of Qiancheng
千乘贞王		Liu Qing 劉慶
78–106
Xiaode 孝德		Liu Zhao 劉肇
79–105
Hedi 和帝
88–105		Liu Shou
劉壽 d. 120
Prince Hui
of Jibei 济北惠王		Liu Kai 劉開
d. 132
Xiaomu 孝穆		skipped
generations
2
Liu Chong
劉寵 d. 122
Prince Yi
of Le'an 乐安夷王		Liu Hu 劉祜
94–125
Andi 安帝
106–125		Liu Long 劉隆
105–106
Shangdi 殤帝
105–106		Liu Yi 劉懿
d. 125
Shaodi 少帝
125		Liu Yi 劉翼
Xiaochong
孝崇		Liu Shu 劉淑
Xiaoyuan 孝元		Liu Xiong
劉雄
1
Liu Hong 劉弘
d. 147
Prince Xiao
of Bohai 渤海孝王		Liu Bao 劉保
115–144
Shundi 順帝
125–144		Liu Zhi 劉志
132–168
Huandi 桓帝
146–168		Liu Chang 劉萇
Xiaoren 孝仁		Liu Hong
劉弘
1SHU HAN
Liu Zuan 劉纘
138–146
Zhidi 質帝
145–146		Liu Bing 劉炳
143–145
Chongdi
沖帝
144–145		Liu Hong 劉宏
156–189
Lingdi 靈帝
168–189		Liu Bei 劉備
161–223
Zhaoliedi
昭烈帝
221–223
121
Liu Bian 劉辯
176–189
Shaodi 少帝
189		Liu Xie 劉協
181–234
Xiandi 獻帝
189–220		Liu Shan 劉禪
207–271
Xiaohuaidi
孝懷帝
223–263

Cao Wei

Cao Wei

- - - - - = The dashed line denotes an adoption

Cao Cao 曹操 155–220
Wudi 武帝
Cao Pi 曹丕 187–226
Wendi 文帝
220–226		 Cao Zhang 曹彰 189–223
Prince Wei of
Rencheng 任城威王		Cao Yu 曹宇 d.278
Prince of Yan 燕王
Cao Rui 曹叡 205–239
Mingdi 明帝
226–239		Cao Lin 曹霖 d. 249
Prince Ding of
Donghai 東海定王		Cao Kai 曹楷
Prince of Jinan 济南王		 Cao Huan 曹奐 246–303
Yuandi 元帝
260–265
Cao Mao 曹髦 241–260
Duke of Gaogui
District 高貴鄉公
254–260		Cao Fang 曹芳 232–274
Shaodi 少帝
239–254

Eastern Wu

Eastern Wu
Sun Zhong 孫鍾
Sun Jian 孫堅
c. 155–191		Sun Jing
孫靜
175–200
Sun Ce 孫策
Marquis of Wu
197–200		182–252
Sun Quan 孫權
229–252
Emperor Da
大帝		Sun Gao
孫暠
Sun Deng 孫登
209–241		Sun He 孫和
223–253		235–264
Sun Xiu 孫休
258–264
Emperor Jing
景帝		243–260
Sun Liang 孫亮
252–258
Prince of Kuaiji
會稽王		Sun Chuo
孫綽		Sun Gong
孫恭
242–284
Sun Hao 孫皓
264–280		Sun Chen
孫綝
231–258		Sun Jun
孫峻
219–256

Jin dynasty and Chu

The following is a family tree for the Jin dynasty, which ruled a unified China during the Western Jin Dynasty (265–316 AD). Although greatly weakened by the War of the Eight Princes during the reign of the developmentally disabled Emperor Hui, when members of the clan fought among themselves for imperial control, and forced Eastwards after the conquest of their capital in 316 AD, the dynasty nonetheless continued in the form of the Eastern Jin Dynasty until 420 AD.

Jin Dynasty and Chu
  •   – Western Jin dynasty emperor;
  •   – Eastern Jin dynasty emperor;
  •   – The Eight Princes
  • - - - - - = The dashed line denotes an adoption
Sima Ang 司馬昂
d. 205 BC
Yinwang 殷王
206–205 BC
skipped
generations
Sima Jun
司馬儁
113–197
Sima Fang
司馬防
149–219
Sima Lang
司馬朗
171–217		Sima Fu
司馬孚
180–272		Sima Yi 司馬懿
179–251
Xuandi 宣帝		Sima Kui
司馬馗
Sima Wang
司馬望 205–271
Prince of Langyang		Sima Gui
司馬瑰 d. 274
Prince of Taiyuan		Sima Zhao
司馬昭 211–265
Wendi 文帝		Sima Liang
司馬亮 d. 291
Prince of Runan		Sima Lun
司馬倫
r.301?; d. 301
Prince of Zhao		Sima Shi
司馬師
208–255
Jingdi 景帝		Sima Zhou
司馬伷
227–283		Sima Tai
司馬泰 d. 299
Prince of Gaomi
Sima Yong
司馬顒 d. 306
Prince of Hejian		Sima Yan 司馬炎
236–290
Wudi 武帝
265–290		Sima You
司馬攸
248–283
Prince of Qi		Sima Jin
司馬覲 256–290
Prince of Langye		Sima Yue
司馬越 d. 311
Prince of
Donghai		Sima Mo
司馬模
d. 311
Prince of
Nanyang
Sima Zhong 司馬衷
259–307
Huidi 惠帝
290–307		Sima Wei
司馬瑋
271–291
Prince of Chu		 Sima Ai 司馬乂
277–304
Prince of
Changsha		Sima Jiong
司馬冏
d. 302
Prince of Qi		Sima Rui 司馬睿
276–323
Yuandi 元帝
317–323		Sima Bao 司馬保
294–320
Yuanwang
元王
319–320
Sima Yu 司馬遹
278–300
Crown Prince		Sima Ying
司馬穎 279–306
Prince
of Chengdu		Sima Yan
司馬晏283–313
Prince of Wu		Sima Chi 司馬熾
284–313
Huaidi 懷帝
307–311
Huan Yi
桓彝
276–328		Sima Ye 司馬業
300–318
Mindi 愍帝
313–316		Sima Shao 司馬紹
299–326
Mingdi 明帝
323–326		Sima Yu 司馬昱
320–372
Jianwen 簡文
371–372
Huan Chong
桓沖 328–384
Prince of
Xuancheng		Huan Wen
桓溫 312–373
Xuanwu 宣武		Sima Xingnan
司馬興男		Sima Yan 司馬衍
321–342
Chengdi 成帝
326–342		Sima Yue 司馬岳
322–344
Kangdi 康帝
342–344		Sima Yao 司馬曜
362–396
Xiaowu 孝武
372–396		Sima Daozi
司馬道子
364–403
Prince of Kuaiji
Huan Xuan
桓玄 369–404
Wudao 武悼
of Chu
403–404		Sima Pi 司馬丕
341–365
Aidi 哀帝
361–365		Sima Yi 司馬奕
342–386
Feidi 廢帝
365–371		 Sima Dan 司馬聃
343–361
Mudi 穆帝
344–361		Sima Dezong
382–419
Andi 安帝
396–403;
404–419		Sima Dewen
司馬德文 386–421
Gongdi 恭帝
419–420		Sima Yuanxian
司馬元顯
382–402
Heir Apparent
Zhongof Kuaiji
Emperor Shao
of Liu Song
(劉)宋少帝
406–422–424		Sima Maoying
司馬茂英
393?–439

Sixteen Kingdoms

Cheng Han

Cheng Han
Li Mu
Li Te 李特
(r. 303)		Li Liu 李流
248–303; r. 303		Li Xiang 李骧
Li Dang 李蕩
(?–303)		Li Xiong 李雄 (274–334)
Wu 武
r. 304–334		Empress Ren
任皇后		Empress Yan
閻皇后		Li Shou 李壽 (300–343)
Zhaowen 昭文
r. 338–343
Li Ban 李班 (288–334)
Aidi 哀皇帝 r. 334		Li Qi 李期 (314–d. 338)
Yōu 幽 r. 334–338		Empress Yan
閻皇后		Li Yue (?–338)Empress Li
李皇后		Li Shi
r. 343–347; d. 361

(Han) Former Zhao

(Han) Former Zhao emperors family tree
Huzheng 呼徵
(d. 179; r. 178–179)
Qiangqui 羌渠
(d. 188; r. 179–188)		Liu Liang 刘亮
Yufuluo 於夫羅
Chizhishizhuhou
持至尸逐侯
(150–196; r. 188–195)		Huchuquan
呼廚泉
(d.? r. 195–216)		Liu Guang 刘广
HAN?
Liu Bao 劉豹
(d.?; r. 216–260)		Liu Qubei
劉去卑
d. 272; r. 260–272		Liu Fang 刘防
Liu Yannian
刘延年		Liu Yuan 劉淵 (d. 310)
Guangwen
光文 (r. 304–310)		Liu Xiong
刘雄		See XiaLiu Lu 劉綠
(FORMER) ZHAO
Liu He
劉和
(d./r. 310)		Liu Gong 刘恭
d. 310		Liu Cong 劉聰 (d. 318)
Zhāowǔdi
昭武皇帝 (r. 310–318) 		Liu Yu 劉裕
(d. 310)		Liu Long 刘隆
d. 310		Liu Yi 刘乂
(d. 317)		Liu Yao 劉曜
(d. 329; r. 318–329)
Liu Can 劉粲 (d. 318)
Yin
隱帝 (r. 318)		Liu Yin 劉胤
(d./r. 329)		Liu Xi 劉熙
(d./r. 329)
Liu Yuangong
劉元公 (d. 318)

Yan states and Tuyuhun

Legend about affiliations:
  •   – Former Yan
  •   – Later Yan
Murong clan family tree
Murong
慕容
?–156–181
skipped
generations
Murong Mohuba
慕容莫护跋
r. ?–246
Murong Muyan
慕容木延
r. 246–271
Murong Shegui
慕容涉归
r. 271–283		Murong Shan
慕容刪
r. 283–285
Murong
Tuyuhun
慕容吐谷浑
Henan King
284–317		Murong Yun
慕容运		Murong Hui
慕容廆
Duke Xiang
of Liaodong
269–307–333
Murong Tuyan
慕容吐延
Henan King
317–329		□Murong Huang
慕容皝
Wenming
of Former Yan
297–333–348		Murong Ping
慕容評
Regent of
Murong Wei
?-?
Murong Yeyan
慕容葉延
Tuyuhun King
329–351		Murong Yong
of Western Yan
慕容永(d. 394)
(r. 386–394)		Murong Jun
慕容儁
Jingzhao
of Former Yan
319–348–360		Murong Ke
慕容恪
Prince Huan
of Taiyuan
(?–367)		Murong Huan
慕容桓 (?–373)
Prince of Yidu		Murong Na
慕容纳 (?–385)
Prince of Beihai		Murong Chui
慕容垂
Wucheng
of (Later) Yan
326–384–396		Murong De
慕容德
Xianwu of
(Southern) Yan
336–398–405
Murong Suixi
慕容碎奚
Tuyuhun King
351–371		Murong Wei
You
of Former Yan
350–360–
370–385		Murong Hong
of Western Yan
慕容泓 (d. 384)		Murong Chong
慕容冲
Wei
of Western Yan
359–384–386		Murong Yi
Prince of
(Western) Yan
慕容顗 (d./r. 386)		Murong Chao
of Southern Yan
慕容超
385–405–410		Murong Bao
慕容宝
Huimin
of (Later) Yan
355–396–398		Murong Nong
慕容農
Prince Huanlie
of Liaoxi
d. 398		Murong Long
慕容隆
Prince Kang
of Gaoyang
d. 397		Murong Lin
慕容麟
Prince of Zhao
r. 397; d. 398		Murong Xi
慕容熙
Zhaowen
of (Later) Yan
385–401–407
Feng An 馮安
Murong Shilian
慕容視連
?–371–390		Murong Zhong
(Prince) of
(Western) Yan
慕容忠(d./r. 386)		Murong Yao
(Prince) of
(Western) Yan
慕容瑶(d./r. 386)		Murong Sheng
慕容盛
Zhaowu
of (Later) Yan
373–398–401		Murong Hui
慕容會
Prince of
Qinghe
373–397		Gao/Murong Yun
高/慕容云 (d. 409)
Huiyi
of (Later)/
(Northern)Yan
r. 407–409		Feng Ba
馮跋 (d. 430)
Wencheng
of Northern Yan
r. 409–430		Feng Hong
馮弘 d. 438
Zhaocheng
of Northern
Yan
r. 430–436
Murong Shipi
慕容視羆
368–390–400		Murong Wugeti
慕容烏紇褆
?–400–405
Murong
Shuluogan
慕容樹洛干
392–405–417		Murong Achai
慕容阿柴
?–417–424		Murong Mugui
慕容慕璝
?–424–436		Murong Muliyan
慕容慕利延
?–436–452
Murong Shiyin
慕容拾寅
?–452–481
Murong Duyihou
慕容度易侯
?–481–490
Murong
Fulianchou
慕容伏連籌
?–490–540
Murong
Heluozhen
呵羅真
?–529–530		Murong Kualu
慕容夸呂
?–540–591
Murong Fofu
佛輔
?–530–534		Murong Shifu
慕容世伏
?–591–597		Murong Fuyun
慕容伏允
?–597–635
Murong
Ketazhen
可沓振
?–534–540		Murong Shun
慕容顺
604–635
Murong
Nuohebo
慕容諾曷鉢
?–635–672–688

Later Zhao

Later Zhao monarchs family tree
Adoption
Shi Xie 石邪Shi Beixie
石㔨邪
Shi Zhouhezhu
石周曷朱		Shi Koumi
寇覓
Shi Le
石勒 (274–333)
Ming 明
r. 319–333		Shi Hu 石虎 (295–349)
Wu 武
(r. 334–349)		Ran Long 冉隆
Shi Hong 石弘
314–335; r. 333–334		Shi Zun 石遵
(d./r. 349)		Shi Jian 石鉴
d. 350; r. 349–350		Shi Zhi 石祗
d. 351; r. 350–351		Shi Shi 石世
339–349; r.349		Ran Zhan
冉瞻 (299?–328)
Ran Min 冉闵 (d. 352)
of Ran Wei (冉魏) state
r. 350–352
Ran Zhi 冉智 (d. 354)
of Ran Wei (冉魏) state
r. 352

Former Liang

Former Liang rulers family tree
Zhang Gui 张轨 (255–314)
Wǔwáng 武王
(r. 301–314)
Zhang Shi 张寔 (d. 320)
Míngwáng 明王 / Zhāowáng 昭王
(r. 314–320)		Zhang Mao 張茂 (276–324)
Chenglie 成烈 / Cheng 成
r. (320–)323–324
Zhang Jun 張駿 (307–346)
Wen 文 / Zhongcheng 忠成
r. 324–346
Zhang Zuo 张祚 (d. 355)
Wei 威
(r. 353–355)		Zhang Chonghua 張重華 (327–353)
Jinglie 敬烈 / Huan 桓
r. 346–353		Zhang Tianxi 張天錫 (346–406)
Dao 悼
(r. 363–376)
Zhang Yaoling 張曜靈 (344–355)
Ai 哀
(r. 353–355)		Zhang Xuanjing 張玄靖 (350–363)
Jingdao 敬悼 / Chong 沖
r. 355–363		Zhang Dayu 张大豫
d. 387; r. 386–387

Later Liang

Later Liang
Lo Polou 吕婆楼
Lü Guang 呂光 (338–400)
Yiwu 懿武
(r. 386–400)		Lu Bao 吕宝
(d. 392)
Lu Zuan 呂纂 (d. 401)
Ling 靈
r. (397–)399–401		Lü Shao 呂紹 (d. 399)
Yin 隱
(r. 399)		Lü Long 吕隆
(d. 416)
r. 401–403(–416)

Northern Liang

Northern Liang rulers family tree
Juqu Mengxun 沮渠蒙逊 368–433
Wuxuan 武宣
r. 401–433
Juqu Mujian 沮渠牧犍
bef. 420–d. 447
Ai 哀
r. 433–439		Juqu Wuhui
沮渠無諱
d. 444; r. 442–444		Juqu Anzhou
沮渠安周
d. 460; r. 444–460

Western Liang

Western Liang rulers family tree
Li Gao (李暠) 351–417
Prince Wǔzhāo (武昭王) r. 400–417
Li Xin 李歆
d. 420; r. 417–420		Li Xun 李恂
d. 421; r. 420–421		Li Jingshou
李敬受 d. 437?		Juqu Mujian 沮渠牧犍
of Northern Liang

Former Qin

Former Qin
Fu Huaigui 苻怀归
Fu Hong (苻洪) 285–350
Huiwu
Fu Jian (苻健) 317–355
Jingming 景明
(r. 352–355) 		Fu XiongFu Chang
Fu Sheng (苻生) 335–357
Li 厲
(r. 355–357)		Fu Jian 苻坚 (337–385)
Xuanzhao 宣昭
(r. 357–385)		Fu Deng 苻登 (343–394)
Gao 高
(r. 386–394)
Fu Pi 苻丕 (d. 386)
Aiping 哀平
(r. 385–386)		Fu Chong (苻崇)
d. 394; r. 394

Later Qin

Later Qin rulers family tree
柯回
Yao Yizhong (280–352)
Yao Xiang 姚襄 (331–357)Yao Chang 姚苌 (330–393)
Wuzhao 武昭
(r. 384–(386–)394)
Yao Xing 姚兴 (366–416)
Wenhuan 文桓
(r. 394–416)
Yao Hong 姚泓
388–417; r. 416–417

Western Qin

Western Qin
Qifu Sifan 乞伏司繁
(d. 376)
Qifu Guoren 乞伏国仁 (d. 388)
Xuanlie 宣烈
r. 385–388		Qifu Qiangui 乞伏乾归 (d. 412)
Wuyuan 武元
r. 388–400; 409–412
Qifu Gongfu 乞伏公府Qifu Achai 乞伏阿柴Qifu Chipan 乞伏熾磐 (d. 428)
Wenzhao 文昭
r. 412–428
Qifu Yuanji 乞伏元基Qifu Mumo 乞伏暮末
d. 431; r. 428–431
Qifu Wanzai 乞伏万载

Southern Liang

Southern Liang
Tufa Sifujian
Tufa Wugu
禿髮烏孤 d. 399
Wu 武
r. 397–399 		Tufa Lilugu
禿髮利鹿孤 d. 402
Kang 康
r. 399–402		Tufa Rutan
禿髮傉檀 365–415
Jing 景
r. 402–414 		Princess Zhejue
Qifu Chipan
Wenzhao
of (Western) Qin
r. 412–428		Princess Tufa
d. 423		Yuan He 源賀
b. 403–d. 479

Xia

Xia
Qubei
去卑
d. ?; r. 216–?
Liu Meng 刘猛
d. 272		Liu
Gaoshengyuan
劉誥升爰 d. 309;
r. ?–309
Liu Fulun
劉副崙		Liu Hu
劉虎 d. 341;
r. 309–341
Liu Wuheng
劉務恒
d. 356;
r. 341–356		Liu Eloutou
劉閼陋頭
r. 356–358
Liu Xiwuqi
劉悉勿祈
r. 358–359		Liu Weichen
劉衛辰
d. 391;
r. 359–391
You Dedai
右地代		□Li Qiti
力俟提		Ali Luoyin
阿利罗引		Zhi Lidi
直力鞮		Wei Fa
韦伐		Helian Bobo 赫連勃勃
b. 381– d. 425
Wulie 武烈
r. 407–425		Ruo Men
若门		Chi Yijian
叱以鞬		Yi Dou
乙斗		Wen Chen
文陈		□
Luo Tí
罗提		Helian
Zhuxing
赫連助興		Helian
Weiyidai
赫連謂以代		Helian
Duluogu
赫連度洛孤		Helian
Shegan
赫連社干		Helian
Wushiba
赫連烏視拔		Helian
Tugu
赫連禿骨		Helian
An
赫連安		Suruo
Dougen
宿若豆根		Yi Sheng
乙升
Helian
Gui
赫連璝
d. 424		Helian
Yan
赫連延		Helian Chang
赫連昌
d. 434; r. 425–428		Helian Lun
赫连伦 d. 424		Helian Ding
赫連定
d. 432; r. 428–431		Helian
Man
赫連滿		Empress Helian
d. 453
Empress Taiwu
太武皇后 (432–452)		Su Dagan
宿沓干
daughter
wife of
Luo Ti
罗提		Helian
Douwuyu
赫连豆勿于		Su Shí
宿石
□Su Ni
宿倪
Helian
Ziyue
赫连子悦
Helian
Zhungzhang
赫连仲章

Other states contemporaneous with Sixteen Kingdoms

Dai

Tuoba clan of Dai state family tree
Tuoba Liwei
拓拔力微
174–219–277
Tuoba
Shamohan
拓跋沙漠汗
d. 277		Tuoba Xilu
拓跋悉鹿
r. 277–286; d. 268		Tuoba Chuo
拓跋綽
r. 286–293;
d. 293		Tuoba Luguan
拓跋祿官
r. 294–307; d. 307
Tuoba Fu
拓跋弗
r. 293–294; d. 294		Tuoba Yituo
拓拔猗㐌
r. 295–305; d. 305		Tuoba Yilu
拓跋猗盧
r. 295–316; d. 316
Tuoba Yulü
拓跋鬱律
r. 316–321; d. 321		Tuoba Heru
拓跋賀傉
r. 321–325; d. 325		Tuoba Pugen
拓跋普根
r. (305–)316; d. 316		Tuoba Hena
拓跋紇那
r. 325–329; 335–337		Tuoba Liuxiu
拓跋六修		Tuoba Biyan
拓跋比延
Tuoba Yihuai
拓跋翳槐
r. 329–335;
337–338;
d. 338		Tuoba Shiyijian
拓跋什翼犍
320–338–376		son
r./d. 316
???
Tuoba Shi
拓跋寔
d. 371
Tuoba Gui 拓拔珪
371–409
Daowu
of Northern Wei
386–409
Tuoba clan
family tree
of Northern Wei
dynasty

Zhai Wei

Zhai Wei family tree
□
Zhai Bin 翟斌
r. 383–384		Zhai Tan 翟檀
d. 384		Zhai Min 翟敏
d. 384		□□
Zhai Liao 翟遼
Jianguang Tian Wang
建光天王 r. 386–391		Zhai Zhen 翟真
r. 384–385		Zhai Cheng 翟成
r. 385
Zhai Zhao 翟釗
Dingding Tian Wang
定鼎天王 r. 391–392– d. 393
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