Facundo Astudillo Castro
Born(1997-08-23)23 August 1997
Disappeared30 April 2020 (aged 22)
Mayor Buratovich, Buenos Aires
StatusFound dead on 15 August 2020 after 107 days missing
Died15 August 2020 (aged 22)
Cause of deathDrowning
Body discovered38°45′09″S 62°26′55″W / 38.752532°S 62.448676°W / -38.752532; -62.448676[1]

Facundo Astudillo Castro (23 August 1997 – disappeared 30 April 2020) was an Argentine citizen who went missing after being stopped by the police during the COVID-19 pandemic strict lockdowns in Argentina. He was hitchhiking from Pedro Luro to Bahía Blanca, when in the town entrance of Mayor Buratovich was stopped in a police checkpoint of circulation permits.[2][3][4] His last known image, taken the day of disappearance, depicts him being held by the police for violating the lockdown, with his hands against the police vehicle number RO 23360.[2][5][6] It was cataloged by the victim family as a Forced disappearance in hands of the Buenos Aires Provincial Police. This theory was also followed by human rights activist Estela de Carlotto.[7][8] Nora Cortiñas, another known activist in Argentina, demanded the resignation of Sergio Berni, the Buenos Aires Province Minister of Security.[9] The minister considered this an irresponsible request.[10][11][9]

The UN Committee on Enforced Disappearances (OHCHR) demanded the Argentine government to be expedite and through in the investigation, as well as to take any possible hypothesis in consideration.[12][13] The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights also issued a precautionary measure.[14][15][16] The President of Argentina, during a radio interview, stated: "We need to know what happened to Facundo. I want us to find him and, if someone was responsible for an illicit act, they will have to face the consequences".[17]

The investigation started under the legal title of Whereabouts inquiry but then turned to a Forced disappearance investigation.[7][18] In August, the involvement of the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team in the investigation was required.[19][20] His body remains were found on August 15, 2020, in an advanced state of decomposition,[21] in an area between the cities of General Daniel Cerri and Villarino Viejo.[22][23][24] The autopsy was done in the former ESMA in Buenos Aires, where the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team has its laboratory.[25] 15 experts from different areas participated in the exam, which lasted for 10 hours.[25][26] The autopsy report, published by the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team, established the cause of death as drowning while the manner of death as an unnatural death, but it couldn't be established whether it was a result of homicide, suicide, or an accident.[27][28] Algae matching the one sampled in the discovery place was found in the body.

Disappearance

On 30 April 2020, Facundo Astudillo Castro left his house in Pedro Luro to Bahía Blanca (both cities located in the Buenos Aires Province) to visit his ex-girlfriend, trying to get back together. At this time the country was under a strict lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic, which required eligible persons to have a permit to travel, and punished those who violated the regulation. He did not have this permit, and traveled hitchhiking.[2][3][29][30]

At around 13 hours, the young man called his mother, stating: "Mom, you have no idea where am I at, you'll never see me again".[4][31][32][33]

On the same day, two Mayor Buratovich policemen intercepted the young man and made him a ticket for lockdown violation. The Astudillo family locates this at about 10 hours.[34][35] As the police stopped him, they took his last known picture, which depicts him being held by the police for violating the lockdown, with his hands against the police pickup number RO 23360.[2][5][6] A photo of his driver license was later taken.[36][37]

He was later stopped at another police check for permits in the town entrance of Teniente Origone.[38] Three witnesses claim to have seen Astudillo Castro around 3:30 p.m. in that area when two province policemen, in a Toyota Hilux pickup truck with its rear door open, supposedly stopped him and told him to get on. However, the prosecutor does not consider this enough grounds to establish that Facundo was kidnapped by the police, citing among other reasons than an officer (Alberto González) claims to have intercepted the disappeared young man around 26 kilometres further on Route 3 than what the location mentioned by the witnesses, and he took a picture of his driver's license (photo which is on record in the case file).[18] This officer claims to have questioned Astudillo Castro, who told him he was en route to Bahía Blanca and did not have the circulation permit required. After becoming aware of this, the officer stated he radioed the Médanos police station about what to do, and he was told to let the young man go. In his statement, the police officer said that the young man kept on in a light grey Renault Duster Oroch.[37]

Investigation

On 5 July, a formal missing persons report was filed, which was assigned to Rodolfo De Lucía, head of the 20th UFI in Bahía Blanca.[39][40] The family of the disappeared criticized police action, pointing out how hard they made it to file the report, and the fact that the police took note of one of Astudillo Castro's friends testimonial on a deli piece of paper.[4][41][30][42]

On 17 June, Cristina Castro (his mother) reached out to Mayor Buratovich to witness a police operation, but five trucks from the Buenos Aires police blocked her.[43][44][42]

On 25 June, the Federal System for the Search of Lost and Missing Persons became aware of the case and reported it to police and government agencies across the country through the systems of the federal Ministry of Security.[45]

On 8 July, the Person Search division of the Federal Police joined the search. Resources were also requested from other federal forces.[45] This same day, the police watch log book of Mayor Buratovich was seized, as well as several policemen's mobile phones.[45]

Also on 8 July, federal judge Gabriel Marrón took on the case, with the investigation being taken by prosecutor Santiago Ulpiano Martínez.[39][46] The Buenos Aires provincial police was removed from the investigation as it was under suspicions, and Adolfo Pérez Esquivel and Roberto Cipriano García (members of the Provincial Commission on Memory) were accepted as plaintiffs.[39]

On 11 July, and by request of the Provincial Commission on Memory, a UN committee demanded the Argentinian State an "expedite and through" investigation.[12][13] The government of that time informed the UN of their absolute commitment to the investigation.[47]

On 12 July, during a Buenos Aires police procedure looking for human remains in a Mayor Buratovich Landfill, the family attorney was threatened by a police deputy commissioner.[48] Then, at the prosecutor's request, the provincial police left the scene to the federal police. No human remains were found that day.[48] The deputy commissioner was discharged by order of Internal Affairs.[49][50]

Between the 14 and 15 of July, 200 members of the Federal Police, the Naval Prefecture and the National Gendarmerie conducted cross country and air searches between Pedro Luro and Bahía Blanca, in an area near to the National Route 3.[29][45][51]

On 15 July, a forensic examination was conducted on police vehicles, in search of physical and biological traces, including blood and other DNA samples.[52][53] Forensics on the policemen mobile phones using Universal Forensic Extraction Device (UFED) technology were requested, as well as an analysis on the Mayor Buratovich police station logbook, looking for any kind of manipulation to hide the detention of Facundo Astudillo Castro in that station.[52][53] Stains compatible with blood residue were found on the trunk of a police officer's personal vehicle and, on police pickup truck number 22788, stains on the glove compartment, back seat and rear cargo box, as well as minor stains on the steering wheel.[54][55][56]

On 17 July, Astudillo Castro's mobile provider informed that around 19 hours on March 30, pings from the Facebook app were sent by the disappeared's phone. This was registered by two sites, one located in the National Route 3, and the other in the Bahía Blanca petrochemical pole.[55][56] On 21 July, the disappeared's mother made a substitution request on the federal prosecutor, Santiago Ulpiano Martínez, citing wrongdoings in the June 19th search, such as contacting the Buenos Aires province police (which was at the moment already taken off the investigation) and data leaks published on Facebook.[34][35][57]

Between the 25 and 27 of July, a new search was made, comprising the area between the entrance to the Villarino partido (department) and the Aguará train station. It also covered a part of National Route 3, and involved the use of canine units, Federal Police drones, and tactical divers from the National Prefecture.[58][59]

On 29 July, federal judge María Gabriela Marrón denied the request for prosecutor substitution, on the ground of considering it procedurally incorrect.[60]

On 31 July, a new search using canine units was performed in the Teniente Origone precinct, where in an abandoned cellblock an object that could belong to Astudillo Castro was found. His mother claims it was gifted to him by his grandmother.[61][62][63][64][38]

On 7 August, and by request of the disappeared's family, new searches using canine units were performed in Mayor Buratovich, around the 780-kilometre mark of National Route 3. Burnt bone remains were found, which at the moment of the search could not be determined to belong to any person in particular.[65][31][66] The young man's family believes he was taken into a police patrol vehicle in the whereabouts of this finding.[31]

On 8 August, it was revealed that the girlfriend and the brother of the disappeared had been threatened by the Buenos Aires provincial policemen in search of a confession and that an illegal raid had been carried out at the family's home.[67] The prosecutor said that these actions, despite being qualified as a felony, actually exposed the will of the police to find the young man, more than being indicative of a cover-up.[67]

The disappeared's family made a second substitution request on the federal prosecutor, Santiago Ulpiano Martínez, on the 8th of August after he denied an arrest request on several policemen.[40][68]

The prosecutor's office bought a new SIM from Claro with the disappeared young man's number, to be analyzed by the Federal Police.[63] With this SIM card, the police entered to Astudillo Castro's WhatsApp account from a fresh cellphone.[69]

Body discovery

Astudillo Castro's remains were found on 15 August 2020, in an advanced state of decomposition,[21] in an area between the cities of General Daniel Cerri and Villarino Viejo.[22][23][24] The autopsy was done in the former ESMA in Buenos Aires, where the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team has its laboratory.[25] 15 experts from different areas participated in the exam, which lasted for 10 hours.[25][26]

The autopsy report, published by the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team, established the cause of death as drowning while the manner of death as an unnatural death, but it couldn't be established whether it was a result of homicide, suicide, or an accident.[27][28]

However, the analysis of the water diatoms (a form of algae) found in Astudillo Castro's marrow demonstrated clearly that he had not drowned in the location he was found. Of the 17 different types of diatoms found in the local water, only 5 were found present in Astudillo Castro's marrow.[70] The forensic dentist Marta Maldonado claimed that Astudillo Castro's teeth showed that his death was violent.[71] The Facundo Castro family appointed an independent forensic expert Virginia Creimer who criticised the autopsy of the EAAF, due to its links with the Argentinean state. She claimed that the EAAF forensics appeared in a hurry to perform the autopsy before all the forensic experts had assembled for the autopsy.[72] Creimer also claimed that the EAAF forensics seemed biased towards the non-violent death hypothesis. Creimer hypothesised that Facundo Astudillo Castro was drowned in another location and then transferred to the place his body was discovered, possibly due to waterboarding, a common torturing technique that Argentinean security forces are known to apply on occasion.[73]

Suspects

Since the disappearance, four Buenos Aires provincial policemen are suspected, due to changes and contradictions in their statements. The two main suspects are Mario Gabriel Sosa and Jana Jennifer Curuhinca who arrested Astudillo Castro, took photos of him and his identity card during his arrest.[74] Sosa and Curuhinca appeared to be worried following Castro's disappearance in WhatsApp message exchanges. The agents deleted the application WhatsApp soon after Facundo's disappearance.[74] The court did not find this extraordinary as it was claimed that "we all delete applications". A police car had been circulating close to the location where Astudillo Castro's body was discovered, evidence that was obtained thanks to the police's geolocation system.[75] This raises suspicions that police agents might have been involved in Facundo's death. There are also allegations that some of the suspects tried to influence investigations. Sergeant Siomara Flores appears to have participated in the investigation of Facundo's death despite the fact that she is the half-sister of agent Curuhinca.[76] Agent Sosa was also identified by a member of Facundo's ex-girlfriend's family as being part of a police party that interrogated him, asked him to claim that Facundo was involved with drugs. The same person testified that both agent Sosa and agent Curuhinca were present in the interrogation and appeared very anxious,[77] while the house of Facundo's ex-girlfriend was also searched by a police party without prior authorization. The police party appears to have illegally visited Facundo's ex-girlfriend home and put pressure on her to falsely testify that Facundo had "problems with drugs".[78]

Despite the family requests on their arrest, the prosecutors office considers (as of 13 August) that there is not enough evidence to jail the policemen.[79][37]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Los restos del cuerpo hallado en Villarino Viejo fueron trasladados a Buenos Aires para someterlos a exámenes periciales". Attorneys general of Argentina (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 16 August 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Bermúdez, Gabriel (10 July 2020). "Custodiado por un policía y al lado de un patrullero: la última foto de Facundo Astudillo Castro" [In police custody and next to a patrol: the last photo of Facundo Astudillo Castro]. Clarín (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  3. 1 2 "A tres meses de la desaparición de Facundo Astudillo Castro, continúa la investigación para hallar al joven" [Three months since the Facundo Astudillo Castro disappearance, the investigation to find him continues]. Infobae (in Spanish). 30 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  4. 1 2 3 Meyer, Adriana (10 August 2020). "Facundo Castro: los diálogos policiales que abrieron las sospechas" [Facundo Castro: the police tapes that sparked suspictions]. Página 12 (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  5. 1 2 Meyer, Adriana (23 July 2020). "Cómo sigue la investigación por la desaparición de Facundo Castro" [What is next in the Facundo Castro disappearance investigation]. Página 12 (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  6. 1 2 "La última foto de Facundo Astudillo Castro: esposado por la policía bonaerense" [The last photo of Facundo Astudillo Castro: handcuffed by the Buenos Aires Province police]. Ámbito Financiero (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 10 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  7. 1 2 "Estela de Carlotto, sobre Facundo Astudillo Castro: "Es un desaparecido en democracia"" [Estela de Carlotto, on Facundo Astudillo Castro: "He is a disappeared in democracy"]. La Nación (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 16 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  8. ↑ "Estela de Carlotto: "Lo consideramos como uno de nuestros desaparecidos"" [Estela de Carlotto: "We consider him one of our own disappeared"]. LRA Radio Nacional (in Spanish). Bahía Blanca. 20 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  9. 1 2 "Sergio Berni: "No tengo por qué renunciar"" [Sergio Berni: "There is no reason I should resignate"]. Infobae (in Spanish). 24 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  10. ↑ Rodríguez, Carlos (19 July 2020). "La mamá del joven pidió la intervención de la ministra nacional de Seguridad, Sabina Frederic" [The young man's mother requested the intervention of the National Ministry of Security, Sabina Frederic]. Página 12 (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  11. ↑ "Berni consideró "prematuro" e "irresponsable" acusar a la Policía de la desaparición de Facundo" [Berni considered "premature" and "irresponisble" to accuse the police of the Facundo disappearance]. La Voz del Interior (in Spanish). Córdoba. 16 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  12. 1 2 Meyer, Adriana (11 July 2020). "La ONU reclamó al Estado una "estrategia integral" para hallar a Facundo Castro" [The UN asked the State for a "comprehensive strategy" to find Facundo Castro]. Página 12 (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  13. 1 2 "La ONU le pidió al Estado argentino "inmediatez y exhaustividad" en la investigación por la desaparición de Facundo Castro" [The UN asked the Argentine State to be "expedite and thorough" in the Facundo Castro disappearance investigation]. Infobae (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 11 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  14. ↑ "CIDH emite medidas cautelares para Facundo José Astudillo Castro, desaparecido en Argentina" [IACHR issues precautionary measures for Facundo José Astudillo Castro, disappeared in Argentina]. Organization of American States (in Spanish). Washington, D.C. 3 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  15. ↑ "RESOLUCIÓN 43/2020 - Medidas cautelares No. 691-20 - Facundo José Astudillo Castro respecto de Argentina" [RESOLUTION 43/2020 - Precautionary measures No. 691-20 - Facundo José Astudillo Castro regarding Argentina] (PDF). Organization of American States (in Spanish). Washington, D.C. 1 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  16. ↑ "La CIDH reclamó medidas para proteger a Facundo Astudillo Castro de un "daño irreparable a sus derechos"" [The IACHR demanded measures to protect Facundo Astudillo Castro from "irreparable damage to his rights"]. La Nación (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 3 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  17. ↑ "Alberto Fernández, sobre la desaparición de Facundo Astudillo Castro: "Necesitamos saber qué pasó" [Alberto Fernández, on the disappearance of Facundo Astudillo Castro: "We need to know what happened]. La Voz del Interior (in Spanish). Córdoba. 11 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  18. 1 2 "Facundo Astudillo Castro: información sobre la investigación por desaparición forzada" [Facundo Astudillo Castro: information on the forced disappearance investigation]. Attorneys general of Argentina (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 8 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  19. ↑ "Facundo Astudillo Castro: el EAAF se constituirá en Bahía Blanca para participar de la investigación" [Facundo Astudillo Castro: the AFAT will present in Bahía Blanca to take part in the investigation]. Attorneys general of Argentina (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 12 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  20. ↑ "El Equipo de Antropología Forense se suma a la investigación del caso de Facundo Astudillo" [The Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team joins the Facundo Astudillo investigation]. Télam (in Spanish). 12 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  21. 1 2 "Hallan un cuerpo en un canal cerca de Bahia Blanca y podría ser el de Facundo Astudillo Castro". Perfil (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 16 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  22. 1 2 "El cuerpo encontrado es de Facundo Astudillo Castro". Perfil (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 31 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  23. 1 2 "Facundo Astudillo Castro: esperan saber esta semana si el cuerpo es del joven". Clarín (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 31 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  24. 1 2 "La búsqueda de Facundo: informan quiénes participarán de la autopsia al cuerpo encontrado en Villarino Viejo" [Search of Facundo: Participants on the autopsy to the body discovered in Villarino Viejo are informed]. Attorneys general of Argentina (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 21 August 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  25. 1 2 3 4 "Unos 15 peritos y casi diez horas de autopsia en la identificación de los restos hallados". Télam (in Spanish). 25 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  26. 1 2 "Facundo Astudillo Castro: sospechan que un patrullero estuvo en la zona del hallazgo de los restos óseos". La Nación (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 25 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  27. 1 2 "La autopsia de Facundo Astudillo Castro: qué dice el informe". Página 12 (in Spanish). 1 October 2020.
  28. 1 2 "Autopsia. Facundo Astudillo Castro murió ahogado". La Nación (in Spanish). 1 October 2020.
  29. 1 2 Centenera, Mar (14 July 2020). "La Justicia argentina investiga a la policía por la desaparición de un joven de 22 años" [Argentine justice investigates police for the disappearance of a 22 years old young man]. El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  30. 1 2 "Desaparición de Facundo Astudillo Castro: el presidente Alberto Fernández habló con la madre del joven" [Disappearance of Facundo Astudillo Castro: President Alberto Fernández spoke with the young man's mother]. La Nación (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 27 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  31. 1 2 3 "Búsqueda de Facundo Castro: investigarán los restos óseos hallados por los perros" [Search for Facundo Castro: bone remains found by dogs will be investigated]. Infobae (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 7 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  32. ↑ ""Única hipótesis", la desaparición forzada" ["Only hypothesis", a forced disappearance]. El Día (La Plata) (in Spanish). La Plata. 9 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  33. ↑ "Para la familia Astudillo, nueve policías desplegaron el plan de desaparición y encubrimiento en cinco etapas" [According to the Astudillo family, nine policemen deployed the disappearance and cover-up plan in five stages]. Télam (in Spanish). 25 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  34. 1 2 "La madre de Facundo Astudillo Castro recusó al fiscal y denunció irregularidades" [The mother of Facundo Astudillo Castro asked for a prosecutor substitution and denounced irregularities]. Télam (in Spanish). 21 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  35. 1 2 "Desaparición de Facundo Astudillo Castro: el abogado de la madre recusó al fiscal federal" [Facundo Astudillo Castro disappearance: the mother's attorney asked for a federal prosecutor substitution]. La Nación (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 21 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  36. ↑ "Caso Facundo: las pruebas de la fiscalía para no adherir, por ahora, a la desaparición forzada" [Facundo case: the prosecution's evidence for not stick, for now, to the forced disappearance]. La Nueva Provincia (in Spanish). Bahía Blanca. 7 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  37. 1 2 3 "Facundo Astudillo Castro: la fiscalía explica por qué no acompañó las detenciones solicitadas por las querellas" [Facundo Astudillo Castro: the prosecution explains why it did not accompany the arrests requested by the complaints]. Attorneys general of Argentina (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 7 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  38. 1 2 Palavecino, Darío (4 August 2020). "Allanan la seccional de Teniente Origone y encuentran un objeto que pertenecería a Facundo Astudillo Castro" [Raid in the Teniente Origone police precinct: an object that could belong to Facundo Astudillo Castro is found]. La Nación (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  39. 1 2 3 Di Lodovico, Cecilia (7 August 2020). "La desaparición, una búsqueda tardía y cruces políticos: los 100 días sin Facundo Astudillo Castro" [The disappearance, a late search and political crosses: the 100 days without Facundo Astudillo Castro]. Todo Noticias (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  40. 1 2 "La mamá de Facundo Astudillo Castro se quejó de la búsqueda: "No quieren encontrarte"" [Facundo Astudillo Castro's mother complained about the search: "They don't want to find you"]. Todo Noticias (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 8 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  41. ↑ "Aparicio: "Hay que investigar la hipótesis de encubrimiento"" [Aparicio: "The cover-up hypothesis needs to be investigated"]. Radio Provincia (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  42. 1 2 "Las fuerzas federales continuarán con los rastrillajes en busca de Facundo Astudillo" [Federal forces will continue the search for Facundo Astudillo]. Infobae (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 27 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  43. ↑ "nueve policías diseñaron plan de encubrimiento" [nine policemen designed a cover-up plan]. Crónica (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 25 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  44. ↑ "LAS FUERZAS FEDERALES CONTINUARÁN CON LOS RASTRILLAJES DE FACUNDO" [Federal forces continue with the search of Facundo]. Primero Bahía (in Spanish). Bahía Blanca. Archived from the original on 13 September 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  45. 1 2 3 4 Meyer, Adriana (14 July 2020). "Amplían la búsqueda de Facundo con fuerzas federales" [The search for Facundo is broadened with federal forces]. Página 12 (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  46. ↑ "Búsqueda de Facundo Astudillo Castro: analizarán restos óseos y objetos hallados en un desagüe al costado de la Ruta 3" [Search for Facundo Astudillo Castro: bone remains and objects found in a drain on the side of Route 3 will be analyzed]. Infobae (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 6 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  47. ↑ "El Gobierno le respondió al reclamo de la ONU por la desaparición de Facundo Astudillo Castro" [Government replied to the UN claim about the Facundo Astudillo Castro disappearance]. Clarín (in Spanish). 24 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  48. 1 2 Meyer, Adriana (12 July 2020). "Amenazan al abogado de la familia del desaparecido Facundo Castro" [The family attorney of the disappeared Facundo Castro is threatened]. Página 12 (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  49. ↑ "Relevaron a un subcomisario acusado de amenazar al abogado de la familia de Facundo Astudillo Castro" [A deputy commissioner was relieved accused of threatening the Facundo Astudillo Castro family attorney]. Todo Noticias (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 13 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  50. ↑ "La desaparición de Facundo: relevaron a un subcomisario por presuntas amenazas y comienza un rastrillaje por la Ruta 3" [Facundo disappearance: a deputy commissioner was relieved from charge because of alleged threats and a search begins on the 3 Route]. Infobae (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 13 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  51. ↑ "Sigue la búsqueda de Facundo Astudillo Castro: tercer día de rastrillajes con drones y helicópteros" [The search for Facundo Astudillo Castro continues: third day of searches with drones and helicopters]. La Nación (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 16 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  52. 1 2 Segui, Sergio (20 July 2020). "Caso Facundo Castro: se hicieron peritajes en vehículos, teléfonos y el libro de la comisaría»" [Facundo Castro case: forensic examinations were made on vehicles, telephones and the police station's book]. De la Bahía (in Spanish). Bahía Blanca. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  53. 1 2 "Desaparición de Facundo Castro Astudillo: continúan los rastrillajes" [Disappearance of Facundo Castro Astudillo: the searches continue]. Diario Río Negro (in Spanish). General Roca. 20 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  54. ↑ Palavecino, Darío (17 July 2020). "Caso Facundo Astudillo: hallan manchas compatibles con sangre en patrulleros y el auto de una policía" [Facundo Astudillo case: blood compatible stains are found in police patrol and a policemen's personal vehicle]. La Nación (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  55. 1 2 Bermúdez, Gabriel (17 July 2020). "Detectan una conexión del celular de Facundo Astudillo Castro y encuentran sangre en uno de los patrulleros" [A connection from Facundo's cellphone is detected, and blood is found in a police vehicle]. Clarín (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  56. 1 2 "Hallan rastros de sangre y señales del teléfono de Facundo Astudillo Castro en móviles de la policía" [Blood residue and cellphone signals from Facundo's phone found in police vehicles]. La Prensa (Buenos Aires) (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 17 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  57. ↑ Meyer, Adriana (22 July 2020). "Facundo Castro: la familia recusó al fiscal federal Ulpiano Martínez" [Facundo Castro: the family made a substitution request on federal prosecutor Ulpiano Martínez]. Página 12 (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  58. ↑ "Facundo Astudillo: las fuerzas federales continúan con tareas de rastrillaje" [Facundo Astudillo: federal forces continue the search]. El Litoral (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 27 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  59. ↑ "Nuevo rastrillaje para dar con el paradero de Facundo" [New search to find Facundo's whereabouts]. Crónica (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 27 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  60. ↑ "File FBB 8604/2020/1" (PDF). Judiciary of Argentina (in Spanish). 29 July 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  61. ↑ "Video of Search in the Teniente Origone precinct". La Nueva Provincia.
  62. ↑ Meyer, Adriana (4 August 2020). "Encontraron un objeto igual a uno de Facundo Castro en la comisaría de Origone" [An object just like one of Facundo Castro was found in the Origone precinct]. Página 12 (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  63. 1 2 "La desaparición de Facundo: serán peritados los elementos secuestrados en el puesto policial de Teniente Origone" [Disappearance of Facundo: elements seized in the Teniente Origone precinct will be analyzed]. Attorneys general of Argentina (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 3 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  64. ↑ Grimaldi, Ignacio (5 August 2020). "El hallazgo de un objeto de Facundo Astudillo Castro, clave para esclarecer su desaparición" [The finding of an object belonging to Facundo Astudillo Castro, key to clarifying his disappearance]. CNN en Español (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  65. ↑ "Astudillo Castro: serán peritados huesos hallados durante un intenso rastrillaje" [Astudillo Castro: bones found during a harsh search will be analyzed]. La Nación (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 7 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  66. ↑ "Madre de Facundo pide que amplíen rastrillaje en la zona donde encontraron huesos" [Facundo's mother ask for the search to be broadened in the area where the bone remains were found]. Crónica (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 8 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  67. 1 2 "Astudillo Castro: reconocen que la exnovia del joven fue amenazada por policías" [Astudillo Castro: they recognize that the young man's ex-girlfriend was threatened by police]. La Nación (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 8 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  68. ↑ Meyer, Adriana (8 August 2020). "Facundo Castro: Recusan por segunda vez al fiscal de la causa" [Facundo Castro: a second substitution request made on the prosecutor]. Página 12 (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  69. ↑ "Caso Facundo: pudieron entrar en su WhatsApp y analizan los últimos contactos" [Facundo case: they were able to enter his WhatsApp and analyze the last contacts]. La Nueva Provincia (in Spanish). Bahía Blanca. 6 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  70. ↑ "Caso Facundo Castro: El informe pericial de la querella que desarma el encubrimiento".
  71. ↑ "Caso Facundo Castro: El informe pericial de la querella que desarma el encubrimiento".
  72. ↑ docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1l2YM4B0xwDhsDkzb18H1YDPCOG9bC-A1Fp666V8HGhI/edit#gid=838330024
  73. ↑ "Creimer: "Las evidencias encontradas nos llevan a pensar que Facundo estuvo acá y que probablemente haya sido lastimado"". 19 February 2021.
  74. 1 2 "Quién es quién entre los policías del caso Facundo Castro | Falso testimonio, amenazas y pacto de silencio". 7 September 2020.
  75. ↑ "Caso Facundo: Un patrullero estuvo en la zona en la que apareció el cuerpo el mismo día que una policía sospechada borró el WhatsApp de su celular".
  76. ↑ Siomara Flores
  77. ↑ "Excuñado de Facundo: "El policía Sosa es el mismo que quiso allanar ilegalmente mi casa"".
  78. ↑ "La cronología del caso Facundo Castro | Desde su desaparición a la identificación de los restos". 2 September 2020.
  79. ↑ "Caso Facundo Astudillo Castro: según el fiscal, hasta ahora no hay indicios suficientes para incriminar a los policías por la desaparición del joven" [Facundo Astudillo Castro case: according to the prosecutor, so far there is not enough evidence incriminating the police for the young man's disappearance]. Infobae (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. 7 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
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