Early life

Descended from hereditary nobles of the Vitebsk Governorate, Radkevich was born there on 16 September 1851. He studied in the Polotsk cadet corps. On 15 August 1869 he entered the 2nd Konstantinovsk Military School. He transferred to the Nikolaev Engineering School, from which he graduated in the first category on 22 June 1872.

Early military service

After graduation, Radkevich was commissioned as an ensign on 22 June 1872 — with a date of seniority of 11 August 1871 — into the 19th Artillery Brigade at Stavropol in the Caucasus Military District. He was promoted to second lieutenant on 6 November 1872 and to lieutenant on 29 December 1873. In 1874 he was sent to Saint Petersburg for admission to the Nikolaev Engineering Academy, but he could not pass the examinations returned for service in the same brigade. Promoted to staff captain with a date of seniority of 12 September 1876, Radkevich participated in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. For serving with distinctions during the war, he was awarded two orders and promoted to captain on 6 November 1878, with a date of rank of 6 September 1877.

From 12 September to 1 November 1885, Radkevich served in the Caucasian Military District. In 1886 he graduated from the Artillery Officer School.

On 30 July 1889, Radkevich was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and on the same day he became the commander of the 6th Battery of the 3rd Regiment of the 31st Artillery Brigade at Belgorod in the Kiev Military District. He was promoted to colonel on 30 August 1894. On 1 January 1898 he took command of the 3rd Regiment itself. On 29 December 1899 he became the commander of the 6th Mortar Artillery Regiment at Kherson in the Odessa Military District. On 2 October 1902, he was promoted for distinction to major general, with a date of seniority of 3 October 1902. On 3 December 1902 he took command of the 10th Artillery Brigade in the V Army Corps at Łódź in the Warsaw Military District.

Russo-Japanese War

The Russo-Japanese War began on 8 February 1904, and on 18 June 1904 the Imperial Russian Army began the formation of the 6th Siberian Army Corps, consisting of the 55th and 72nd Infantry Divisions. On 27 July 1904, Radkevich's 10th Artillery Brigade became part of the new corps. The corps completed its formation in July 1904, and in September 1904 it became part of the 1st Manchurian Army. He saw action with the 10th Artillery Brigade in the Battle of Shaho in October 1904. On 11 December 1904, he became chief of artillery of the 6th Siberian Army Corps, and in that position participated in the Battle of Sandepu in January 1905. On 4 February 1905 he became provisional commander of the 72nd Infantry Division, leading it in the Battle of Mukden in February–March 1905. Official approval of his command of the division was promulgated on 27 May 1905. For his Russo-Japanese War service he was awarded the Order of Saint Stanislaus First Class with Swords, the Order of Saint Anna First Class with Swords, and the Golden Weapon for Bravery.

Between the wars

After the Russo-Japanese War ended in August 1905, Radkevich remained in command of the 72nd Infantry Division. From 3 February 1906 to 14 June 1908 he commanded the 10th Infantry Division, simultaneously he serving as interim Governor-General of Petrokov Province from 30 July 1906 to 5 September 1907 an as commander of the Łódź Garrison from 22 January 1908.

From 14 June 1908 to 1 September 1912, Radkevich was commander of the 3rd Siberian Army Corps, simultaneously serving as temporary commander of the Irkutsk Military District from 11 December 1909 to 6 February 1910 and again from 20 December 1910 to 20 February 1911. He retired on 1 September 1912, and on 9 September 1912 received a promotion in retirement to general of the infantry on 9 September 1912, with a date of rank of 8 May 1912.

World War I

The Russian Empire entered World War I on 1 August 1914. On 7 August 1914, Radkevich returned to active duty and was re-appointed commander of the 3rd Siberian Army Corps, which became part of the new 10th Army. During the Russian invasion of East Prussia, the 10th Army began fighting the Imperial German Army's 8th Army in the Augustów Forest on 15 September 1914. Although the 10th Army's 2nd Caucasian Army Corps and the 22nd Army Corps failed to achieve their objectives, Radkevich's 3rd Siberian Army Corps succeeded in occupying Augustów and cutting off German communications. On 16 and 17 September 1914, the 10th Army turned the front to the left, and Radkevich's fought stubbornly in battles near Augustów while other army corps also went over to the offensive and cleared the Augustów Forest of German forces. The 10th Army took about 3,000 prisoners and captured 20 guns. For his performance in these operations, Radkevich was awarded the Order of Saint George Fourth Class.

Reviewing troops of the Imperial Russian Army's Western Front in 1916. From left to right: Radkevich (then commander of the 10th Army), General of the Infantry Aleksei Evert (commander of the Western Front), an unidentified officer, General of the Cavalry Alexander Litvinov (commander of the 1st Army), and Colonel P. P. Lebedev (Quartermaster General of the Western Front).

In October and November 1914, the 10th Army fought local battles without any connection with the main operations on the Eastern Front. In early December 1914, the 10th Army launched a new offensive, but could not break through the fortified front of the German 8th Army and suffered heavy losses. In early January 1915, the 10th Army conducted the Lasdenen operation, which did not bring the success the Imperial Russian Army expected of it.

In February 1915, the 3rd Siberian Army Corps participated in the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes. On 7 February 1915, the German 8th Army attacked the left flank of the Russian 10th Army. The next day, the German 10th Army launched an offensive in the rear of the Russian 10th Army, inflicting a major blow on the right flank of the 3rd Siberian Army Corps, driving the 26th Army Corps out of its positions and forcing it to retreat. The retreat exposed the left flank of the 20th Army Corps, which the Germans subsequently surrounded and defeated in the vicinity of the Augustów Forest. On the left flank of the 10th Army in the Ełk–Rajgród sector. Radkevich's 3rd Siberian Corps alone confronted the German 8th and 10th Armies (totaling about three corps) and held off three German attacks, saving the 10th Army from complete destruction. Even the German General Erich Ludendorff expressed admiration for Radkevich's actions.

After the German defeat of the 10th Army in the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes, Radkevich relieved Thadeus von Sivers as commander of the 10th Army on 25 April 1915. According to the Russian military historian A. A. Kersnovsky in History of the Russian Army, “An excellent corps commander, General Radkevich felt insecure at the head of the army and needed a mentor.” Radkevich commanded the 10th Army during the Battle of Vilna in August–September 1915, the Sventiany Offensive in September–October 1915, the Lake Naroch Offensive in March 1916, and the Baranovichi Offensive in July 1916. On 4 October 1916, Radkevich was appointed a member of the Military Council of the Russian Empire.

Revolution and Russian Civil War

Radkevich in 1917.

Radkevich sometime before 1918.

In the wake of the February Revolution of 1917, Radkevich remained in the Russian Army of the Russian Republic under the Russian Provisional Government. On 25 April 1917 he became the assistant to the commander of the Petrograd Military District, Lavr Kornilov, and on 29 April 1917 he relieved Kornilov as commander of the district. On 6 May 1917 he again became a member of the Military Council.

In the October Revolution in 1917, the Bolsheviks toppled the Russian Provisional Government and the Russian Civil War began. On 21 March 1918, Radkevich was dismissed from the service, and he officially retired again in November 1918.

In 1918 he was mobilized in the Red Army. In the early 1920s he taught topography at the Odessa Artillery School. G. D. Plaskov, then a cadet, recalled in 1969 in Under the Roar of the Cannonade:

A 72-year-old Radkevich, a former tsarist general, left a fond memories. A cheerful, humorous old man, he often often came [to class] by bicycle with a bag full of groceries. He was well provided for financially; on the orders of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic [i.e., the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic], he received a special ration. Before starting classes, Radkevich opened his bag and laid out tiny sandwiches on a snow-white napkin. "Sir Junker, do not offend the old mother" — so he called his wife — "she prepared it for you, eat, we still have left, do not be shy!" It was impossible to refuse: the eyes of this wise and kind man shone very kindly.

He cared for us as sons. In the evenings he came to our room [and] sat down at the table. He wiped his sweating face and said in a voice that allowed no objections: "Come on, gentlemen, show your calendars. How did you prepare for tomorrow?" [We would] carefully check our notes [and] drawings, correct errors, explain them. Somehow he brought a beautiful folder, pulled out from it photographs of his sons, officers, just like him, who had switched over to serve the people. He joyfully, excitedly talked about his meeting with Lenin.

I agreed with him about everything, we understood each other perfectly. And I immediately obeyed him, and the three of us joined the Red Army. The "old mother" was against it, but we persuaded her ...

He talked a lot about the Russo-Japanese [War] and World War I. "And you know, in 1915, I presented to His Majesty the Emperor of Russia documents on the subject of the assignment of the rank of Colonel Nikolai Iosifovich Bettikher; in those years he commanded a heavy artillery division for me..." And it became clear to us why the commandant of the school was pulled at the sight of this teacher.

Radkevich was always busy. The cleanly decorated topography room was filled by cadets during free hours. Maps, schemes of various scales hung on the walls, [and] educational exhibits were neatly arranged. On the tables lay massive multi-colored pencils, erasers, workbeds, sheets of Whatman paper, tracing paper — the general brought most of these scarce things from home. Radkevich circulated among the cadets, advised them, showed them things. We studied here not only topography - the old teacher willingly gave advice on other disciplines.

When choosing a presidium at ceremonial meetings, he received dozens of votes. Shy, he climbed onto the stage and sat modestly in the second row. "The commissioner or the head of the school approached him and sat next to him."^[1]

In 1923, Radkevich retired due to age. He died in 1930.

Footnotes

Bibliography

• "Evgeny Aleksandrovich Radkevich". «Russian army in a Great war» project. (in Russian)
• Биография Е. А. Радкевича на сайте Русская Императорская Армия Archived 2019-02-13 at the Wayback Machine. (in Russian)
• Биография Е. А. Радкевича на сайте «Хронос». (in Russian)
• Фотографии с Е. А. Радкевичем на сайте РГАКФД. (in Russian)
• Краткие биографии родственников Е. А. Радкевича на сайте «Заклеймённые властью». (in Russian)