Everniopsis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Lecanorales
Family: Parmeliaceae
Genus: Everniopsis
Nyl. (1860)
Species:
E. trulla
Binomial name
Everniopsis trulla
(Ach.) Nyl. (1860)
Synonyms[1][2]
Genus
  • Parmelia sect. Everniopsis (Nyl.) Stizenb. (1862)
  • Hendrickxia P.A.Duvign. (1942)
Species
  • Parmelia trulla Ach. (1803)
  • Borrera trulla (Ach.) Ach. (1810)
  • Evernia trulla (Ach.) Nyl. (1858)

Everniopsis is a fungal genus in the family Parmeliaceae. It consists of a single species,[3] the bark-dwelling lichen Everniopsis trulla, which occurs in Africa and South America.

Systematics

Everniopsis trulla was first formally described by Erik Acharius in 1803 with the name Parmelia trulla.[4] The type material, collected in Peru, is kept at the herbarium of the Department of Botany at the Swedish Museum of Natural History.[5] William Nylander transferred the taxon to the new genus Everniopsis in 1860.[6] Ernst Stizenberger thought that Everniopsis should be a section of genus Parmelia, and proposed this classification in an 1862 publication.[7] The genus Hendrickxia, circumscribed by Belgian botanist Paul Auguste Duvigneaud in 1942 with Hendrickxia pseudoreticulata as the type species,[8] has been folded into synonymy with Everniopsis.[1]

Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that Everniopsis is in the Psiloparmelioid clade of the family Parmeliaceae, along with the genus Psiloparmelia.[9][10]

Description

Evernipiopsis has a thallus attached by a holdfast to its substrate. The lobes comprising the thallus are linearly elongated, split into two at the ends, and longitudinally grooved (canaliculate). The thallus lacks both rhizines (root-like structures) and cilia (short, eyelash-like hair). Its conidia (asexual spores) are rod-shaped with swellings at each end (bifusiform). It produces ascospores that are ellipsoid in shape, measuring 12–16 by 7–10 μm.[11] The superficially similar genus Everniastrum, in contrast, does not have a holdfast, it does have both rhizines and cilia, and its conidia are cylindrical.[11]

Secondary chemicals that have been identified from Everniopsis trulla include usnic acid, atranorin, and ethyl haematommate.[12]

Habitat and distribution

Everniopsis trulla is a corticolous lichen and occurs in Africa and South America. On the latter continent, the lichen occurs at high elevations from Mexico south to northern Chile.[13]

References

  1. 1 2 "Synonymy: Everniopsis trulla (Ach.) Nyl., Syn. meth. lich. (Parisiis) 1(2): 375 (1860)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ↑ "Synonymy: Everniopsis Nyl., Syn. meth. lich. (Parisiis) 1(2): 374 (1860)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  3. ↑ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
  4. ↑ Acharius, E. (1803). Methodus qua Omnes Detectos Lichenes Secundum Organa Carpomorpha ad Genera, Species et Varietates Redigere atque Observationibus Illustrare Tentavit Erik Acharius (in Latin). Stockholm: F.D.D. Ulrich. p. 256.
  5. ↑ "Type of Everniopsis trulla Ach. [family Parmeliaceae]". JSTOR Global Plants. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  6. ↑ Nylander, W. (1860). Synopsis Methodica Lichenum Omnium hucusque Cognitorum, Praemissa Introductione Lingua Gallica (in Latin). Vol. 1. Paris: L. Martinet. p. 374.
  7. ↑ Stizenberger, Ernst (1862). "Beitrag zur Flechtensystematik" [Contribution to lichen systematics]. Bericht über die Tätigkeit der St. Gallischen Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft (in German): 174.
  8. ↑ Duvigneaud, P.A. (1942). "Hendricxia Duvign., nouveau genre de Parméliacées des montagnes équatoriales". Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l'État à Bruxelles (in French). 16 (4): 355–365. doi:10.2307/3666741. JSTOR 3666741.
  9. ↑ Crespo, Ana; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Mattsson, Jan-Eric; Blanco, Oscar; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Articus, Kristina; Wiklund, Elisabeth; Bawingan, Paulina A.; Wedin, Mats (2007). "Testing morphology-based hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) using three ribosomal markers and the nuclear RPB1 gene". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 44 (2): 812–824. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.029. PMID 17276700.
  10. ↑ Thell, Arne; Crespo, Ana; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Kärnefelt, Ingvar; Leavitt, Steven D.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Seaward, Mark R. D. (2012). "A review of the lichen family Parmeliaceae – history, phylogeny and current taxonomy". Nordic Journal of Botany. 30 (6): 641–664. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00008.x.
  11. 1 2 Elix, John A. (1993). "Progress in the generic delimitation of Parmelia sensu lato lichens (Ascomycotina: Parmeliaceae) and a synoptic key to the Parmeliaceae". The Bryologist. 96 (3): 372. doi:10.2307/3243867. JSTOR 3243867.
  12. ↑ Castro M, O.N.; Santiago, J.; Álvarez, J. (2017). "Aislamiento y elucidación estructural de un compuesto nitrogenado y del haematomato de etilo del liquen Everniopsis trulla" [Isolation and structural elucidation of a nitrogenous compound and ethyl haematomate from the lichen Everniopsis trulla]. Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú. 83 (2): 131–142. doi:10.37761/rsqp.v83i2.187.
  13. ↑ Dodge, Carroll W. (1959). "Some lichens of Tropical Africa. III. Parmeliaceae". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 46 (1/2): 39–193. doi:10.2307/2394567. JSTOR 2394567.
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