Evelyn Sandberg-Vavalà
Born
Evelyn May Graham Sandberg

1888
Compton, Berkshire, England, UK
Died8 September 1961
Italy
Other namesEvelyn Kendrew
OccupationArt historian
SpouseWilfrid George Kendrew (1914-1921; divorced)
ChildrenSir John Cowdery Kendrew (1962 co-winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry)

Evelyn Sandberg-Vavalà (née Evelyn May Graham Sandberg; 1888 - 8 September 1961), also known by her married name as Evelyn Kendrew, was a British art historian[1] who studied iconography in the Italian Renaissance.[1][2]

She published a book on Italian Painted Crucifixes and the Iconography of the Passion in 1929,[3] and curated her 25,000 image photographic archive of gothic and renaissance Italian paintings, now in Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice.[4]

Career

Uffizi Gallery, Florence

Sandberg studied geography and taught in a girls' grammar school and at a university college before moving to Florence in 1921, where she studied art history under Bernard Berenson.[5] In 1926, she published her first book in Italian on the Veronese primitive art of the 14th and 15th centuries.[6] Her Italian language book on Italian Painted Crucifixes and the Iconography of the Passion was published in 1929,[3] and another on the iconography of the virgin and child in the 13th century in 1934. Later works included Uffizi Studies: The Development of the Florentine School of Painting (1948),[7] Sienese studies: the development of the school of painting of Siena (1953)[8] and Studies in Florentine Churches (1959).[9]

Sandberg-Vavalà also wrote articles for The Burlington Magazine[10] and the College Art Association's Art Bulletin.[11][12][13] She acted as a guide and tutor to students of art in the Uffizzi Gallery and in her home and accompanied them on visits throughout Italy. Although never financially secure, she had collected an archive of images of art works that she shared with her students.[14] She returned to England during World War II and worked for the Oxford University Gramophone Society,[14] which provided a lending library (10,000 classical records per annum). She briefly tutored Henry Clifford, and Marvin Eisenberg, who dedicated a 14th or 15th century choir book page donated to the Michigan Museum of Art in her memory.

Her knowledge and teaching were recognised in her obituary in the Burlington Magazine by John Pope-Hennessy[15] and in the London Times by Hugh Honour,[14] and her analysis is still occasionally referenced in the 21st century by art galleries[16] or auctioneers.[17]

Personal life

Evelyn May Graham Sandberg was born in 1888 in Compton, Berkshire but her birth was registered in Wantage (then Berkshire, now Oxfordshire). She was the only child of Rev George Alfred Sandberg (1848-1910), born in Benares, India, vicar of Ss Mary and Nicholas Church, Westhide Parish, and Annie Sandberg (1858-1894). Evelyn's mother died when her daughter was six years old. She and her father then moved to Bournemouth. She attended the Society of Oxford Home Students (later became St Anne's College), studying geography and geomorphology. She became a geography teacher at Bradford Girls' Grammar School in 1912.[14]

Two years later she married Wilfrid Kendrew and moved to teaching geography at University College, Reading for a male lecturer who was on war service from 1915 to 1916.[14] Their son, John, later Sir John Cowdery Kendrew (1962 co-winner of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry), was born on 24 March 1917.[5] She tried to leave the country with her son, when he was four, but was prevented from doing so by her husband, who formally divorced her in 1921.

She moved to Florence, and lived there for 35 years, taking the nom de plume Evelyn Sandberg-Vavalà, apart from a few years during World War II.[14] She reconnected with her son when he was at boarding school and they developed a relationship later in her life, when he visited her in Italy and supported her financially.[5]

Sandberg-Vavalà converted to Catholicism and was cared for in her last illness by nuns, dying of lung disease on 8 September 1961. She is buried in the cemetery of Moggiona, Commune di Poppi, Tuscany.[14]

Legacy

Fondazioni Giorgio Cini is on San Giorgio Maggiori (image from 1900)

One major Sandberg-Vavalà bequest is an archive of 25,000 of her photographs and other materials which she had personally curated and catalogued, aiming to cover all known gothic and renaissance paintings in Italy.

She wrote in July 1961,[18] before she died, proposing to sell this to what became the Fondazioni Giorgio Cini, located on the island of San Giorgio Maggiore, Venice.[4] Professor Ulrich Middledorf dealt with her archive, legal and financial matters to establish this, on Sandberg-Vavalà's death. A section of her collection was also added to Frederico Zeri's photography archive in Bologna, Zeri managed the materials so as to integrate it into his own catalogue, and materials also went to the Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florence.[19]

Selected publications

  • Evelyn Sandberg-Vavalà (1926). La pittura veronese del trecento e del primo quattrocento. OCLC 860574931[6]
  • Evelyn Sandberg-Vavalà (1929). La croce dipinta italiana e l'iconografia della passione . Verona: Casa editrice Apollo. OCLC 988246477[3]
  • Evelyn Sandberg-Vavalà (1935). "Giovanni Bellini by Luitpold Düssler". Art Bulletin.[20]
  • Robert Salvini & Evelyn Sandberg-Vavalà (1936). "L'arte di Agnolo Gaddi" Art Bulletin.[11]
  • Evelyn Sandberg-Vavalà & Allen Weller (1938). "Giovanni di Paolo by John Pope-Hennessy", Art Bulletin.[12]
  • Evelyn Sandberg-Vavalà (1948). Uffizi Studies. The Development of the Florentine School of Painting. Pp. xvi. 304. Florence: Leo S. Olschki. OCLC 504664455.[13]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Hofrichter, Frima Fox; Sherman, Claire Richter; Holcomb, Adele M. (1981). "Women as Interpreters of the Visual Arts, 1820-1979". Woman's Art Journal. 2 (2): 37. doi:10.2307/1357985. ISSN 0270-7993. JSTOR 1357985.
  2. ↑ "Vavalà, Evelyn Sandberg-". Ladis, Andrew. "The Unmaking of a Connoisseur." in, Offner, Richard. A Discerning Eye: Essays on Early Italian Painting. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998, pg. 19, note 1. 21 February 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 Sandberg-Vavalà, Evelyn (1929). La croce dipinta italiana e l'iconografia della passione (in Italian). Verona: Casa editrice Apollo. OCLC 988246477.
  4. 1 2 "FONDI FOTOGRAFICI - Evelyn Sandberg Vavalà (1888-1961)" (PDF). FONDAZIONE GIORGIO CINI (in Italian). Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  5. 1 2 3 Holmes, K.C. (1 November 2001). "Sir John Cowdery Kendrew (24 March 1917 – 23 August 1997)". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 47: 311–332. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2001.0018. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0028-EC77-7. PMID 15124647. S2CID 45061325.
  6. 1 2 Evelyn, Sandberg-Vavalà (1926). La pittura veronese del trecento e del primo quattrocento. OCLC 860574931.
  7. ↑ SANDBERG-VAVALÀ, Evelyn (1948). Uffizi Studies. The development of the Florentine school of painting. [With illustrations]. Florence. OCLC 504664455.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ↑ Sandberg-Vavalà, Evelyn (1953). Sienese Studies: The Development of the School of Painting of Siena.
  9. ↑ Sandberg-Vavalà, Evelyn (1959). Studies in the Florentine Churches: Part 1. Pre-Renaissance period. Florence: [publisher not identified]. ISBN 88-222-2033-1. OCLC 500277129.
  10. ↑ Sandberg-Vavalà, Evelyn (1938). "Giotto's Workshop". The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs. 73 (427): 151–154. ISSN 0951-0788. JSTOR 867488.
  11. 1 2 Salvini, Robert (September 1936). "L'arte di Agnolo Gaddi". The Art Bulletin. 18 (3): 420–423. doi:10.1080/00043079.1936.11408846. ISSN 0004-3079.
  12. 1 2 Vavalà, Evelyn Sandberg-; Weller, Allen (March 1938). "Giovanni di Paolo by John Pope-Hennessy". The Art Bulletin. Oxford University Press. 20 (1): 124–126. doi:10.1080/00043079.1938.11408672. ISSN 0004-3079. S2CID 193622625.
  13. 1 2 Sandberg-Vavalà, Evelyn (June 1935). "Giovanni Bellini. By Luitpold Düssler: 160 pp.; 471 ills. Frankfurt-on-Main, 1935". The Art Bulletin. 17 (2): 236–238. doi:10.1080/00043079.1935.11409234. ISSN 0004-3079.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Wassarman, Paul M. (2020). A place in history: the biography of John C. Kendrew. New York, NY. ISBN 978-0-19-973204-3. OCLC 1135937369.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  15. ↑ Pope-Hennessy, John (1961). "Evelyn Sandberg-Vavala". The Burlington Magazine. 103 (704): 466–469. ISSN 0007-6287. JSTOR 873483.
  16. ↑ "Master of the Franciscan Crucifixes". National Gallery of Art. 21 March 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  17. ↑ "The Master of San Torpé* (14th Century)". christies.com. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  18. ↑ "Fondo Sandberg Vavalà - Institute of Art History - Archivio digitale della Fondazione Giorgio Cini Onlus". archivi.cini.it. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  19. ↑ Marano, Valentina (2012). "The Evelyn Sandberg Vavalà Fund - Fondazione Zeri". fondazionezeri.unibo.it (in Italian). Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  20. ↑ Sandberg-Vavalà, Evelyn (June 1935). "Giovanni Bellini. By Luitpold Düssler, Frankfurt-on-Main, 1935". The Art Bulletin. 17 (2): 236–238. doi:10.1080/00043079.1935.11409234. ISSN 0004-3079.
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