Escort Group B7
ActiveWorld War II
Country United Kingdom
AllegianceBritish Empire
BranchRoyal Navy
TypeEscort Group
RoleAnti-submarine warfare
Size~Nine ships
Part ofWestern Approaches Command
Garrison/HQLisahally
EngagementsConvoy ON 153
Convoy ONS 5
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Commander W. E. Banks
Cdr E. H. Tilden
Cdr Peter Gretton

Escort Group B7 was a British formation of the Royal Navy which saw action during the Second World War; principally in the Battle of the Atlantic.

Formation

Escort Group B7 was one of seven such British naval groups which served with the Mid-Ocean Escort Force (MOEF). It provided convoy protection in the most dangerous middle section of the North Atlantic route. The MOEF was originally to be five American, five British and four Canadian groups. B7 was formed in the spring of 1942, following the inability of the USN to form groups A-4 and A-5 due to other commitments. To replace them, two new escort groups, Escort Group B6 and Escort Group B7, were formed.

Service history

B-7 Group Leader HMS Firedrake

Led by HMS Firedrake, under the leadership of Commander William Banks, B7 comprised six Flower-class corvettes; HMS Loosestrife from the disbanded American group A-5, and Alisma, Coreopsis, Jonquil, Pink and Sunflower.[1][2] These were joined later by the destroyers HMS Chesterfield and Ripley.

B7's first convoys, in the spring of 1942, were uneventful and as the Battle of the Atlantic increased in intensity in the summer and autumn, the group's charges were escorted without loss. In December, while escorting Convoy ON 153, the convoy came under attack, and three ships were sunk. During this action, on 11 December, Firedrake was torpedoed by the U-boat U-211 and sank with the loss of 168 of her crew, including her commander and the group's Senior Officer – Escort (SOE), Commander Eric Tilden. Thirty-five survived the torpedoing but only 27 managed to get on board Sunflower, which was under the command of Captain John Treasure Jones.[3]

Corvettes of B7 Group moored in Londonderry. Alisma, Dianella, Sunflower & Kingcup. The white areas are where the official censor has painted out security sensitive material
B7 Group Leader HMS Duncan

B7's new SOE was Cdr Peter Gretton, of HMS Duncan, a tough and capable leader, who quickly molded the group to his own image. At this point B7 comprised the destroyer Duncan, Vidette, the frigate HMS Tay, and the corvettes HMS Alisma, Loosestrife, Pink, Sunflower and Snowflake.

After several convoys had been escorted without loss, B7 covered Convoy HX 231 in April 1943. This came under attack by the Lowenherz U-boat wolfpack, which sank six ships, fo the loss of two submarines destroyed and five damaged. In May 1943, B7 escorted Convoy ONS 5, sometimes regarded as the turning point of the Atlantic campaign.
In a week long battle against three wolfpacks, Star, Amstel and later Fink, Convoy ONS 5 lost 13 ships, for the destruction of six U-boats, and the disabling of seven. At least four of these were credited to ships of B7. Later that month returning with Convoy SC 130, B7 saw the destruction of between three and five U-boats (sources vary) for no losses. at least one of these was credited to ships of B7.

A series of uneventful convoys followed, as the U-boat Arm withdrew from the North Atlantic after 'Black May', while Gretton lobbied for a chance for B7 to operate as a Support Group.[4] In October 1943 this was given, as the German U-boat Arm launched its autumn offensive.

B7 was involved in the battles for convoys ONS 20 and ON 206, Convoy ON 207 and Convoy ON 208, during which period nine U-boats were destroyed. The battle for Convoy ONS20/206 saw six U-boats sunk, of which U-631 was credited to Sunflower and U-844 was damaged by Duncan, to be destroyed later in an air attack. Convoy ON 207 saw three U-boats destroyed, U-282 by ships of B7, another shared with aircraft.

During this period B7 had steamed 6,700 nmi (7,700 mi; 12,400 km), crossing the Atlantic five times. The group members had refuelled at sea on six occasions, and had also re-armed with depth charges at sea.[5]

Following this B7 returned to escort duty on the North Atlantic route, continuing without major incident until the group was disbanded in the summer of 1944 as part of the preparations for Operation Neptune, the naval contribution to the Normandy invasion.

Losses

Ships lost

  • HMS Firedrake torpedoed and sunk by U-211 escorting convoy ON 153 on 16 December 1942.[6]

U-boats destroyed

Source:[7]

  • U-192 depth-charged by Pink on 5 May 1943.
  • U-638 depth-charged by Loosestrife on 5/6 May 1943.
  • U-125 rammed by HMS Oribi and finished off with gun-fire by Snowflake on 6 May 1943.
  • U-531 depth-charged by Snowflake and hit by Hedgehog (a new type of anti-submarine mortar) from Vidette on 6 May 1943.
  • U-381 depth-charged by Snowflake and hit by Hedgehog from Duncan on 19 May 1943.
  • U-631 depth-charged by Sunflower on 17 October 1943.
  • U-274 attacked by aircraft, hit by Hedgehog from Duncan on 26 October 1943.
  • U-282 by Duncan and Vidette on 29 October 1943.

Commanding officers - Senior Officer Escort

Senior Officer Escort
From To Name
4 May 1942 1 September 1942 Cdr William Eric Banks
1 September 1942 17 December 1942 Cdr Eric Henry Tilden
December 1942 May 1944 Cdr Peter Gretton

Notes

  1. ↑ Rohwer & Hummelchen 1992 p. 227
  2. ↑ HMS Alisma was manned by Australians - Tramp to Queen p. 76
  3. ↑ Tramp to Queen pp. 69–79
  4. ↑ Gretton p. 163
  5. ↑ Gretton p. 175
  6. ↑ Blair pp 128–129
  7. ↑ Kemp pp. 113–14, 119, 152–54

References

  • Blair, Clay (2000) [1996]. Hitler's U-boat War: The Hunters, 1939–1942 (Modern Library Paperback, NYC ed.). New York City: Random House. ISBN 978-0-307-87437-5.
  • Peter Gretton : Convoy Escort Commander, (1964). ISBN (none)
  • Kemp, Paul (1997). U-Boats Destroyed, German submarine losses in the World Wars. Arms and Armour. ISBN 1-85409-515-3.
  • Niestle, Axel (1998). German U-Boat Losses During World War II. Greenhill. ISBN 1-85367-352-8.
  • Rohwer, Jürgen; Hümmelchen, Gerhard (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (3rd rev. ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-119-2.
  • Roskill, S. W. (1960). The War at Sea 1939–1945: The Offensive Part 1: 1st June 1943 – 31st May 1944. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. III. London: HMSO. OCLC 1099743425.
  • Capt. John Treasure Jones: Tramp to Queen, (2008). ISBN 978-0-7524-4625-7
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