Sugar orchid
Caladenia saccharata in Beverley
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Subtribe: Caladeniinae
Genus: Ericksonella
Species:
E. saccharata
Binomial name
Ericksonella saccharata
Synonyms[1]
  • Caladenia saccharata Rchb.f.
  • Glycorchis saccharata D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. nom. inval.

Ericksonella saccharata, commonly known as sugar orchid,[2] is the only species in the genus Ericksonella in the orchid family, Orchidaceae, and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single leaf and a single flower with three white sepals and two similar petals.

Description

Ericksonella saccharata is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herb with a roughly spherical, white, fleshy tuber surrounded in its upper half by a fibrous sheath. Each year a replacement tuber is formed on the end of a short, root-like stolon. There is a single, narrow linear-shaped leaf rising from the base of the plant. The leaf is pale yellowish green on both sides, hairy, 4–8 cm (2–3 in) long, 2–3 mm (0.08–0.1 in) wide and usually has irregular reddish-purple blotched near the base.[2][3][4]

There a single resupinate flower on the end of a hairy, wiry stem 5–15 cm (2–6 in) high. The flower is 2–3 cm (0.8–1 in) long and 2–3 cm (0.8–1 in) wide on a stalk less than 1 cm (0.4 in) long and has a strong, musky cinnamon scent but does not have any nectar. The two lateral sepals are about the same size and shape as the two petals and are white, 10–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long, 3–4 cm (1–2 in) wide and curve slightly forwards. The dorsal sepal is slightly narrower than the lateral ones and the sides of the top half are curved inwards or "pinched". The sepals and petals have dark-coloured glandular hairs on their back surface. As is usual in orchids, one petal is highly modified as the central labellum. The labellum is glabrous, divided into three parts, roughly circular when flattened, with the lateral lobes erect cream-coloured with obvious parallel purple lines and irregular purple blotches. The central part has smooth yellow calli in two rows. The sexual parts of the flower are fused to the column which is narrow, curved forwards and has two translucent wings. Flowering occurs from August to September and the fruit which follows is a non-fleshy, glabrous, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.[2][3][4]

Taxonomy and naming

Sugar orchid was first formally described in 1871 by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach who gave it the name Caladenia saccharata in Beitrage zur Systematischen Pflanzenkunde.[5][6] In 2004, Stephen Hopper and Andrew Brown described the genus Ericksonella and included this species in the new genus.[2][7] The specific epithet (saccharata) is derived from the Latin word saccharum meaning "sugary", referring to the shiny-white granular appearance of the flowers.[4]

Distribution and habitat

Ericksonella saccharata grows in a range of soils and habitats including sand and clay loam, in shrubland near salt lakes, woodland and sheoak thickets around granite outcrops. It occurs from near Paynes Find to Israelite Bay and inland as far as Coolgardie and Norseman in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest, Mallee and Yalgoo biogeographic regions.[8]

Conservation

Sugar orchid (as Ericksonella saccharata) is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.[8]

References

  1. 1 2 "Ericksonella saccharata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Hopper, Stephen D.; Brown, Andrew P. (2004). "Robert Brown's Caladenia revisited, including a revision of its sister genera Cyanicula, Ericksonella and Pheladenia (Caladeniinae: Orchidaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 17 (2): 208–210. doi:10.1071/SB03002.
  3. 1 2 Hoffman, Noel; Brown, Andrew (2011). Orchids of South-West Australia (3rd ed.). Gooseberry Hill: Noel Hoffman. pp. 216–218. ISBN 9780646562322.
  4. 1 2 3 Brown, Andrew; Dixon, Kingsley; French, Christopher; Brockman, Garry (2013). Filed Guide to the Orchids of Western Australia. Simon Neville Publications. pp. 248–249. ISBN 9780980348149.
  5. ↑ "Caladenia saccharata". APNI. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  6. ↑ Reichenbach, Heinrich Gustav (1871). Beitrage zur Systematischen Pfanzenkunde. Hamburg: Druck von Th. G. Meissner. p. 63. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  7. ↑ "Ericksonella saccharata". APNI. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  8. 1 2 "Ericksonella saccharata". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.