Guinea elects on the national level a head of state—the president—and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people through a two-round system (i.e. if no candidate secures a majority of the votes, there is a runoff between the top two vote-getters).[1] The National Assembly (Assemblée Nationale) has 114 members, elected for five-year terms, 38 members in single-seat constituencies and 76 members by proportional representation.[1][2]

Voters must be at least 18 years old and Guinean citizens in full possession of civil and political rights.[2] Candidates must be at 18, either Guinean by citizenship or naturalized and resident in the country for at least 10 years.[2] There are also various disqualifications.[2]

History

When Guinea gained its independence from France in 1958, Ahmed Sékou Touré became its first president, as his Parti démocratique de Guinée (DPG, Democratic Party of Guinea) had won 56 of 60 seats in the 1957 Territorial Assembly election.[3] By 1960, he had declared the DPG the only legal party, so, for the next 24 years, all the voters could do was elect the DPG candidates to the National Assembly, while Touré ran unopposed for the presidency three more times.[4]

After Touré's death in 1984, Colonels Lansana Conté and Diarra Traoré seized power in a bloodless coup d'état, with Conté assuming the presidency.[4] In December 1990, a new constitution created a unicameral Parliament.[5] In April 1992, legislation was passed making Guinea a multi-party state.[5] The following year, Conté announced a return to civilian rule, with Guinea's first multi-party presidential election taking place in 1993,[6] followed by a legislative election in 1995.[5] Conté remained president, with 51.7% of the vote, while his Party of Unity and Progress (PUP, Parti de l'Unité et du Progrès) won 71 of the 114 seats in the Assembly.[5][7] He was re-elected president in 1998, with 56.1% of the vote, and 2003, with 95.6% of the vote after all the major opposition leaders boycotted the election.[4][7] His party also won 85 seats in the Assembly in 2002, with some opposition parties choosing to boycott.[8]

Shortly after Conté's death in December 2008, Moussa Dadis Camara seized power.[4][7] In December 2009, Camara was shot in the head in an assassination attempt and left the country to obtain medical care.[4][7] The following month, Camara agreed to a return to civilian rule.

No candidate won a majority of the votes in the first round of the 2010 presidential election, so Cellou Dalein Diallo and Alpha Condé, the top vote-getters (with 43.69% and 18.25%, respectively), contested a second round, which was delayed several times.[7] Condé finally emerged victorious,[7] with 52.54% of the ballots. His Guinean People's Assembly party (RPG, Rassemblement du Peuple Guinéen) took 53 of the 114 Assembly seats in the repeatedly delayed 2013 election, and seven seats won by allies gave the RPG a majority.[9][10] He himself was re-elected in 2015.[11]

Latest elections

2015 presidential election

Alpha Condé is re-elected.

Candidate Party Votes %
Alpha CondéRally of the Guinean People2,285,82757.85
Cellou Dalein DialloUnion of Democratic Forces of Guinea1,242,36231.44
Sidya TouréUnion of Republican Forces237,5496.01
Faya Lansana MillimounoLiberal Bloc54,7181.38
El Hadj Papa Koly KouroumaGenerations for Reconciliation, Union, and Prosperity51,7501.31
Lansana KouyatéNational Party for Hope and Development45,9621.16
Ghandi Faraguet TounkaraGuinean Union for Democracy and Development19,8400.50
Marie Madeilein DioubatéGuinea Ecologists Party13,2140.33
Invalid/blank votes179,804
Total4,131,026100
Registered voters/turnout6,042,63468.36
Source: CENI (98.2% of polling stations reporting)

2020 legislative election

The elections were boycotted by the main opposition parties. As a result, President Condé's party won a supermajority of seats.

Party Constituency Proportional Total
seats
+/–
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
Rally of the Guinean People–Rainbow2,417,47688.94371,591,65055.274279+26
Guinean Democratic Union56,0852.060151,5765.2644New
Guinean Popular Democratic Movement74,3432.730113,7023.9533New
New Democratic Forces4,7110.17176,6122.6623New
Union for Progress and Renewal14,5970.54076,5122.6622+1
Rally for the Integrated Development of Guinea23,9010.88076,4122.6522+1
Union of the Forces of Change76,2082.6522New
Democratic Alternation for Reform–Constructive Opposition Bloc76,1882.6522New
Guinea for Democracy and Balance31,6711.16076,0122.6422New
Guinean Party for Renaissance and Progress39,7061.38110
Afia Party39,1261.3611+1
Civic Generation39,1061.3611+1
Forces of Integrity for Development39,1061.3611New
Guinean Party for Progress and Development38,4301.3311+1
Rally for Renaissance and Development10,6080.39038,3101.3311New
Party for Peace and Development38,1761.3311New
Alliance for National Renewal37,9061.3211New
Union of Democratic Forces13,9230.51037,9001.3211+1
Movement of Patriots for Development29,9961.0411New
Alliance for National Renewal29,8001.0311New
New Generation for the Republic12,9170.47029,8001.03110
Guinea United for Development29,1401.01110
PDG–RDA27,6400.9611+1
Rally for a Prosperous Guinea27,4000.9511+1
Democratic Party of Conservatives16,4410.60012,3240.4300New
Guinean Party of the Renaissance10,2040.3500New
Union for the Defence of Republican Interests24,0460.8807,5360.2600New
Guinean Rally for Unity and Development5,4940.19000
Rally for the Republic5,4220.1900New
Pan-African Party of Guinea2,5500.0900New
Alliance of Forces for Change4,6980.1700
Party of the National Defense for Development1,3330.0500
Party New Vision8,0380.3000
Invalid/blank votes252,940126,111
Total2,968,087100383,006,055100761140
Registered voters/turnout5,179,60057.305,179,60058.04
Source: CENI, CC

Election commission

The Independent National Electoral Commission (French: Commission Electorale Nationale Indépendante, CENI) is the election commission in Guinea.[12] The body was established in November 2007.[13]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Oct. 11, 2015: Republic of Guinea". International Foundation for Electoral Systems.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Guinea Assemblée nationale (National Assembly): Electoral System". Inter-Parliamentary Union.
  3. "Elections in Guinea: 31 March 1957 Territorial Assembly Election". africanelections.tripod.com. African Elections Database.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Tyson Roberts (20 October 2015). "5 things you should know about Guinea's (peaceful!) election". The Washington Post.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Guinea Parliamentary Chamber: Assemblée nationale: Elections Held in 1995". Inter-Parliamentary Union.
  6. "Lansana Conté". The Telegraph. 30 December 2008.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Guinea profile - Timeline". BBC. 1 September 2016.
  8. "Guinea Assemblée nationale (National Assembly): Elections in 2002". Inter-Parliamentary Union.
  9. "Guinea Assemblée nationale (National Assembly): Last Elections". Inter-Parliamentary Union.
  10. "Guinea: Strengthening Guinea's Democratic Institutions". National Democratic Institute.
  11. Dionne Searcey (1 November 2015). "Guinea President's Re-election Confirmed Despite Fraud Complaints". The New York Times.
  12. "La Mission d'observation électorale de l'Union européenne encourage la CENI à publier tous les résultats détaillés par bureau de vote dans les plus brefs délais au niveau central" (PDF) (in French). European External Action Service. 19 October 2015. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
  13. "Elections in doubt for 2008". IRIN. 28 June 2008.
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