Eleanor Calvert Custis Stuart
Miniature painting of Eleanor Calvert, c. 1780, by an unknown artist; possibly the Irish-American painter John Ramage
Born
Eleanor Calvert

1757/1758
Mount Airy, Upper Marlboro, Prince George's County, Province of Maryland
DiedSeptember 28, 1811 (aged 53)
Tudor Place, Georgetown
Spouse(s)John Parke Custis
Dr. David Stuart
Children23, including:
Elizabeth Parke Custis Law
Martha Parke Custis Peter
Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis
George Washington Parke Custis
Parent(s)Benedict Swingate Calvert
Elizabeth Calvert

Eleanor Calvert Custis Stuart (1757/1758 – September 28, 1811), born Eleanor Calvert, was a prominent member of the wealthy Calvert family of Maryland. Upon her marriage to John Parke Custis, she became the daughter-in-law of Martha Dandridge Custis Washington and the step-daughter-in-law of George Washington. Her portrait hangs today at Mount Airy Mansion in Rosaryville State Park, Maryland.[1]

Early life

Calvert was born in 1758 at the Calvert family's Mount Airy plantation near Upper Marlboro in Prince George's County, Maryland.[2] Eleanor was the second-eldest daughter[3] of Benedict Swingate Calvert, illegitimate son of Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore, and Benedict's wife Elizabeth Calvert Butler.[4] She was known to her family as "Nelly."[4] As a teenager, Eleanor was an exceptionally pretty girl and well mannered.[4]

Marriages and children

Painting of Eleanor Calvert by John Hesselius, 1728–1778, 1761

Eleanor married John Parke Custis, son of the late Daniel Parke Custis and Martha Dandridge Custis Washington (and stepson of George Washington), on February 3, 1774, at Mount Airy. When "Jacky", as he was known by his family, announced his engagement to Eleanor to his parents, they were greatly surprised due to the couple's youth.[4]

After their marriage, the couple settled at the White House plantation, a Custis estate on the Pamunkey River in New Kent County, Virginia.[5] After the couple had lived at the White House for more than two years, John Custis purchased the Abingdon plantation in Fairfax County, Virginia (now in Arlington County, Virginia), into which the couple settled during the winter of 1778–1779.[5][6]

Eleanor and John had seven children:

In 1781, John died of "camp fever", believed to be typhus, following the Siege of Yorktown.[5][6] Eleanor's two elder daughters, Elizabeth and Martha, continued to live with her at the Abingdon plantation. She sent her two younger children, Eleanor and George, to Mount Vernon to live with their grandmother, Martha Washington, and her husband George Washington, future president.[6] John died intestate, so his widow was granted a "dower third", the lifetime use of one-third of the Custis estate assets, including its more than 300 slaves.[7] The balance of the Custis estate was held in trust for their children and distributed as the daughters married and the son reached his majority. Eleanor's "dower third" was distributed among their children following her death.

In 1783, Eleanor married Dr. David Stuart, an Alexandria physician and business associate of George Washington.[6][8][9] Eleanor and David had sixteen children together:[3][10][11]

  • Ann Calvert Stuart (born 1784), married William Robinson[3][10]
  • Sarah Stuart (born 1786), married Obed Waite[3][10]
  • Ariana Calvert Stuart (born 1789), died unmarried[3][10]
  • William Sholto Stuart (born 1792), died unmarried[3][10]
  • Charles Calvert Stuart (1794–1846), married Cornelia Lee[3][10]
  • Eleanor Custis Stuart (born 1796), died unmarried[3][10]
  • Rosalie Eugenia Stuart (1801–1886), married William Greenleaf Webster[3][8][10]
  • Nine other children who were stillborn or died shortly after birth

Later life

In 1792, Eleanor, David and their family left Abingdon (which had become part of the District of Columbia) and moved to David's plantation and mill known as Hope Park in Fairfax County.[6] About ten years later, they moved to Ossian Hall near Annandale, also in Fairfax County.[6]

Eleanor died on September 28, 1811, at age 53 at Tudor Place, the home of her daughter, Martha Parke Custis Peter, in Georgetown, District of Columbia.[12] She was originally buried at Col. William Alexander's Effingham Plantation in Prince William County, Virginia.[13]

She was reinterred in Page's Chapel, St. Thomas' Church, Croom, Maryland, following the War of 1812 near the graves of her parents. Her resting place remained unmarked until a limestone grave slab was installed in the chapel floor in autumn 2008.[14]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Mt Airy Mansion at Wildnet.com. Retrieved September 2010
  2. ↑ Herring, Arlis (February 9, 2008). "Eleanor Calvert". Arlis Herring. Archived from the original on June 5, 2016. Retrieved March 1, 2008.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Lee, Edmund Jennings (May 2009). Lee of Virginia, 1642-1892. Heritage Books. ISBN 9780788421037. Retrieved March 1, 2008.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Bryan, Helen (2002). Martha Washington: First Lady of Liberty. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 9780471158929. Retrieved March 1, 2008.
  5. 1 2 3 Yates, Bernice-Marie (2003). The Perfect Gentleman: The Life and Letters of George Washington Custis Lee. Fairfax, Virginia: Xulon Press. p. 37. ISBN 1-59160-451-6. Retrieved June 27, 2011.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Templeman, Eleanor Lee (1959). Arlington Heritage: Vignettes of a Virginia County. New York: Avenel Books, a division of Crown Publishers, Inc. pp. 12–13.
  7. ↑ Slavery by the Numbers, US History- President's House
  8. 1 2 Greenleaf, James Edward (1896). Genealogy of the Greenleaf Family. F. Wood. p. 220. Retrieved March 1, 2008.
  9. ↑ "The Papers of George Washington: Documents". The Papers of George Washington. 2009. Archived from the original on June 2, 2010. Retrieved March 1, 2008.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 National Genealogical Society (1917). National Genealogical Society Quarterly. National Genealogical Society. Retrieved March 1, 2008.
  11. ↑ Johnson, R. Winder (1905). The Ancestry of Rosalie Morris Johnson: Daughter of George Calvert Morris and Elizabeth Kuhn, his wife. Ferris & Leach. pp. 16–17, 29–30. Retrieved May 20, 2011.
  12. ↑ "Died". The Lady's Miscellany, or, Weekly Visitor, for the Use and Amusement of Both Sexes. M'Carty & White. 13: 398. 1811. Died. At Tudor Place, thereat of Thomas Peter, esq- near George-Town, Mrs. Eleanor Stuart, consort of David Stuart, esq.-of Osian Hall, in the county of Fairfax—in the 56th year of her age
  13. ↑ "076-0006 Effingham".
  14. ↑ "Application: St. Thomas' Episcopal Parish Historic District" (PDF). Maryland Historic Trust. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  • Torbert, Alice. Eleanor Calvert and Her Circle. New York: William-Frederick Press, 1950.
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