Ein Ayala
עֵין אַיָּלָה
Ein Ayala is located in Haifa region of Israel
Ein Ayala
Ein Ayala
Ein Ayala is located in Israel
Ein Ayala
Ein Ayala
Coordinates: 32°37′45″N 34°56′44″E / 32.62917°N 34.94556°E / 32.62917; 34.94556
Country Israel
DistrictHaifa
CouncilHof HaCarmel
AffiliationMoshavim Movement
Founded1949
Founded byCzechoslovak Jews
Population
 (2021)[1]
1,159
Websitewww.einayala.co.il

Ein Ayala (Hebrew: עֵין אַיָּלָה, lit. Doe Spring) is a semi-cooperative moshav in northern Israel. Located at the foot of Mount Carmel around 20 km south of Haifa, it falls under the jurisdiction of the Hof HaCarmel Regional Council. In 2021 it had a population of 1,159.[1]

History

Ein Ayala founded in 1949 by European Jewish immigrants, the majority from the region of Carpathian Ruthenia, once belonged to Czechoslovakia, now part of Ukraine, and the minority from the Bukovina region.[2] They were Hungarian speaking. The founders came to Israel and settled in a refugee camp near Khirbat Bayt Lid before coming to the site and settling in tents.[3] The moshav was built next to Ayn Ghazal, a Palestinian village depopulated during Operation Shoter in July 1948.[4] Walid Khalidi writes that it is not on Ayn Ghazal land,[5] but that Ein Ayala was founded on land belonging to Kafr Lam,[6] and cultivated land adjacent to Khirbat al-Sawamir.[7] In April 1951 the moshav was incorporated in the newly established Hof HaCarmel Regional Council and granted municipal status.[8]

In the early years, the 92 pioneer families found it difficult to earn a livelihood due to lack of agricultural equipment and logistical problems. Although the land around Ein Ayala was deemed highly arable, they had only one cart and no paved roads, making transportation especially difficult during the winter. The moshav received a number of cows from Switzerland, but they arrived during a drought year and did not produce much milk. A delegation of engineers from the Jewish Agency visited the moshav and determined that only 20% of the houses would last another year, as most began to develop cracks. The moshav lacked a kindergarten building for its 60 children and the power supply in the moshav was very limited despite the fact the moshav was close to a high voltage power line.[9]

Part of the reason for the crisis was the poor layout. Rather than planning the moshav as a centralized bloc, as was common at the time, it formed a long and narrow strip stretching over two or three kilometers. This made it difficult to reach the grocery store, warehouse, kindergarten etc. Furthermore, the location of the moshav on a plain between the sea and the mountain ridge of Mount Carmel led to flooding in the winter and extremely hot temperatures in the summer.[10]

In 2011, TheMarker listed Ein Ayala in the top ten finest communities in Israel where home prices are still reasonable.[11]

References

  1. 1 2 "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  2. ↑ "Ein Ayala Fights for Freedom of Conscience". HaBoker (in Hebrew). 5 May 1950.
  3. ↑ Ginat Noymark, Lilach; Friedman Raudnitz, Tal. "Master Plan for Reservation for Hof HaCarmel Regional Council - Vol.2" (PDF). Hof HaCarmel Regional Council and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. p.136.
  4. ↑ Morris, Benny (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. xxii. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
  5. ↑ Khalidi, Walid (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. p. 148. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
  6. ↑ Khalidi, 1992, p.170
  7. ↑ Khalidi, 1992, p.191
  8. ↑ "New Regional Councils". Herut (in Hebrew). April 16, 1951. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  9. ↑ Gil'adi, David (February 15, 1952). "Life Song of a Pioneer Village". Ma'ariv (in Hebrew). Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  10. ↑ Ben-Arieh, Yehoshua; Nashiv, Yaniv; Reichman, Shalom (1962). "Land Utilization in the Southern Carmel Coastal Plain / השימוש החקלאי בקרקע החוף של הכרמל הדרומי". Yediot Bahaqirat Eretz-Israel Weatiqoteha / ידיעות בחקירת ארץ-ישראל: 48–70. ISSN 2312-0061.. from JSTOR.
  11. ↑ Lieberman, Guy; Mirovski, Arik (December 25, 2007). בית בכפר הגרסה המציאותית [House in a Village, the Realistic Version]. Haaretz (in Hebrew).
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