A dry port (sometimes referred to as an inland port) is an inland intermodal terminal directly connected by road or rail to a seaport, operating as a centre for the transshipment of sea cargo to inland destinations.[1]
In addition to their role in cargo transshipment, dry ports may also include facilities for storage and consolidation of goods, maintenance for road or rail cargo carriers and customs clearance services. The location of these facilities at a dry port relieves competition for storage and customs space at the seaport itself.[2]
A dry inland port can speed up the flow of cargo between ships and major land transportation networks, creating a more central distribution point. Inland ports can improve the movement of imports and exports, moving the time-consuming sorting and processing of containers inland, away from congested seaports.[2]
Background
The term inland port is used in a narrow sense in the field of transportation systems to mean a specialized facility for intermodal containers (standardized shipping container) in international transport. Rather than goods being loaded and unloaded in such ports, shipping containers can just be transferred between ship and road vehicle or ship and train. The container may be transferred again between road and rail elsewhere and the goods are only loaded or unloaded at their point of origin or final destination.[1][2]
Shipping containers allow some functions traditionally carried out at a seaport to be moved elsewhere. Examples are the functions of receiving, processing through customs, inspecting, sorting, and consolidating containers going to the same overseas port. Container transfer at the seaport can be sped up and container handling space can be reduced by transferring functions to an inland site away from the port and coast.[1][2]
Distribution can also be made more efficient by setting up a link between the inland site and seaport as, say, a high-capacity rail link with a lower unit cost than sending containers individually by road. The containers are still collected from their origins or distributed to their ultimate destinations by road with the transfer happening at the inland site.[1][2]
An inland port is just such an inland site linked to a seaport. This kind of inland port does not require a waterway. Key features of an inland port are the transfer of containers between different modes of transportation (intermodal transfer) and the processing of international trade. This differentiates an inland port from a container depot or transport hub.[3]
The term inland port may also be used for a similar model of a site linked to an airport or land border crossing rather than a seaport.
The definition of inland port in the jargon of the transportation and logistics industries is:
An inland port is a physical site located away from traditional land, air and coastal borders with the vision to facilitate and process international trade through strategic investment in multi-modal transportation assets and by promoting value-added services as goods move through the supply chain.[4]
Inland ports may also be referred to as dry ports or intermodal hubs.
Dry ports in Africa
Egypt : October dry port, 6th of October, Giza Governorate, Egypt.[5][6]- Egypt : Borg El Arab dry port, New Borg El Arab, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt.[7]
Algeria : Algiers, Algeria- Algeria : Oran, Algeria (two dry ports, CMA CGM and MTA)
Angola : Viana, Angola[8]
Benin : Parakou, Benin[9]
Democratic Republic of the Congo : Kasumbalesa Inland Port, Kasumbalesa, Democratic Republic of the Congo[10]
Eswatini : Matsapha Dry Port, Manzini, Eswatini[11]
Ethiopia : Dire Dawa, Ethiopia[12]- Ethiopia : Mekelle, Ethiopia[12]
- Ethiopia : Modjo, Ethiopia[13]
- Ethiopia : Semera, Ethiopia[13]
Ghana : Boankra Inland Port, Kumasi, Ghana[14][15]
Kenya : Eldoret Inland Port, Eldoret, Kenya[16]- Kenya : Inland Container Depot Embakasi (ICDE), Embakasi, Nairobi, Kenya[16][17]
- Kenya : Inland Container Depot Kisumu, Kisumu, Kenya[16]
- Kenya : Inland Container Depot Naivasha, Naivasha, Kenya[16]
Nigeria : Inland Container Depot Aba, IsialaNgwa, Aba, Abia State, Nigeria[18]- Nigeria : Inland Container Depot Ibadan, Erunmu, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria[18]
- Nigeria : Inland Container Depot Kano, Zawachiki, Kano State, Nigeria[18]
- Nigeria : Heipang Inland Container Depot, Heipang, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria[18]
- Nigeria : Funtua Inland Container Float Station, Zamfarawa, Funtua, Katsina State, Nigeria[18]
- Nigeria : Maiduguri Inland Container Float Station, Jauri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria[18]
- Nigeria : Kaduna Inland Container Depot, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria[18]
Rwanda : Masaka Inland Container Depot, Masaka, Kigali, Rwanda.[19][20]
South Africa : City Deep Inland Container Depot, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa[21]- South Africa : Belcon Inland Container Terminal, Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa[21]
- South Africa : Deal Party Inland Container Terminal, Deal Party, Gqeberha, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa[21]
- South Africa : Pretcon Inland Container Terminal, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa[21]
- South Africa : Bayhead Inland Container Terminal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa[21]
- South Africa : Komatipoort Dry Port, Nkomazi, Mpumalanga, South Africa
- South Africa : Bloemfontein Inland Container Terminal, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa[21]
Tanzania : Isaka Inland Container Depot, Isaka, Kahama Rural District, Shinyanga Region, Tanzania[22]
Togo : Cinkasse Dry Port, Cinkassé, Togo[23]
Uganda : Nakawa Inland Port, Nakawa, Kampala, Uganda[24]- Uganda : Tororo Inland Port, Tororo, Uganda[25]
Zambia : Chipata Inland Port, Chipata, Chipata District, Eastern Province, Zambia[26]
Zimbabwe : Mutare Dry Port, Mutare, Zimbabwe[27]
Dry ports in Asia
Afghanistan : Abresham Inland Port, Zaranj, Afghanistan- Afghanistan : Abu Nasir Inland Port, Shib Koh District, Farah Province, Afghanistan
- Afghanistan : Hairatan Inland Port, Hairatan, Afghanistan
- Afghanistan : Islam Qala Inland Port, Islam Qala, Afghanistan
- Afghanistan : Sher Khan Inland Port, Sher Khan, Afghanistan
- Afghanistan : Spin Boldak Inland Port, Spin Boldak, Afghanistan
- Afghanistan : Torghundi Inland Port, Torghundi, Afghanistan
- Afghanistan : Torkham Inland Port, Torkham, Afghanistan
Cambodia :Union Import, Export & Transportation and Dry Port, Phnom Penh, Cambodia[28]
China/
Kazakhstan : Khorgas Inland Port, Khorgas, China (the dry port is 65% Chinese, 35% Kazakh)[29]
India : Inland Container Depot, Garhi Harsaru (Gurugram), Haryana, India[30]- India : Inland Container Depot, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- India : Inland Container Depot, Sahnewal, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- India : Inland Container Depot, Viramgam, Gujarat, India
- India : Durgapur Inland Dry Port, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
- India : Inland Container Depot, Whitefield, Bangalore, India
- India : Inland Container Depot, Tughlakabad, New Delhi, India
- India : Inland Container Depot, Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
- India : Kanpur Dry Port, Kanpur, India
- India : Vallarpadam Dry Port, Kochi, India
- India : Wardha Dry Port, Maharashtra, India
- India : Jalna Dry Port, Maharashtra, India
Indonesia : Cikarang Dry Port, West Java, Indonesia- Indonesia : Sungai Duku Port, Riau, Indonesia
- Indonesia : Waru Dry Port, East Java, Indonesia
Iran : Tehran's rail dry port, known as Aprin- Iran : Future logistics program village Isfahan Phase 1[31]
Nepal : Birgunj Inland Dry Port, Sirsiya (Birganj), Nepal- Nepal : Bhairahwa Inland Dry Port, Siddharthanagar, Nepal
- Nepal : Biratnagar Inland Dry Port, Biratnagar, Nepal
- Nepal : Nepalgunj Inland Dry Port, Nepalgunj, Nepal
- Nepal : Kathmandu Inland Dry Port, Kathmandu, Nepal
Pakistan : Faisalabad Inlnd Port, Faisalabad, Pakistan- Pakistan : Hyderabad Dry Port, Hyderabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan : Lahore Dry Port, Lahore, Pakistan
- Pakistan : Larkana Dry Port, Larkana, Pakistan
- Pakistan : Multan Dry Port, Multan, Pakistan
- Pakistan : Sialkot Dry Port, Sialkot, Pakistan
Saudi Arabia : Riyadh Dry Port, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Sri Lanka : Aitken Spence Mabole Dry Port, Sri Lanka
Dry ports in Europe
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Belgium : Dry Port Muizen, Belgium[32]
Ireland : Togher Inland Port, Portlaoise, Ireland
Lithuania : Vilnius Intermodal Terminal, Lithuania- Lithuania : Kaunas Intermodal Terminal, Lithuania
Spain : Dry Port Azuqueca de Henares, Spain[32]- Spain : Dry Port Madrid in Coslada, Spain[32]
- Spain : Dry Port Santander-Ebro, Spain[32]
Sweden : Nässjö Dry Port, Sweden[32]- Sweden : Eskilstuna Dry Port, Sweden[32]
- Sweden : Dry Port Hallsberg, Sweden[32]
Dry ports in North America
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Canada : CentrePort Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada[33]- Canada : Global Transportation Hub, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Canada : Port Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada[34]
- Canada : Ashcroft Terminal, Ashcroft, British Columbia, Canada
Mexico : Guanajuato Inland Port, Silao, Guanajuato, Mexico[35]
United States : CenterPoint Intermodal Center, Elwood, Illinois, United States- United States : Port of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- United States : Port of Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, United States[36]
- United States : Port San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States
- United States : Greer Inland Port, Greer, South Carolina, United States[37][38]
- United States : Virginia Inland Port, Front Royal, Virginia, United States[39]
- United States : Charlotte Inland Terminal, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States[40]
- United States : Piedmont Triad Inland Terminal, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States[41]
- United States : Martinsburg Inland Port, Martinsburg, West Virginia, United States[42]
Dry ports in Oceania
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Australia : Alice Springs Intermodal Terminal, Alice Springs, Northern Territory[43]- Australia : Altona Inland Port, Altona, Victoria[44]
- Australia : Brighton Transport Hub, Hobart, Tasmania[45]
- Australia : Penfield Intermodal Freight Centre, Penfield, South Australia[46]
- Australia : Wimmera Intermodal Freight Terminal, Dooen, Victoria[47]
- Australia : Ettamogah Rail Hub, Albury, New South Wales[48][49]
- Australia : Kewdale Freight Terminal, Kewdale, Western Australia<[50]
- Australia : Moorebank Intermodal Terminal, Moorebank, New South Wales[51]
- Australia : Minto Inland Port, Minto, New South Wales
- Australia : Riverina Intermodal Freight & Logistics Hub, Bomen, New South Wales
- Australia : Shepparton Intermodal Terminal, Shepparton, Victoria[52]
- Australia : Somerton Multi-Modal Freight Terminal, Somerton, Victoria[53]
- Australia : Warrnambool Intermodal Terminal, Warrnambool, Victoria[54]
New Zealand : Wiri Inland Port, Auckland, New Zealand[55]- New Zealand : Metroport Inland Port, Onehunga, Auckland[56]
- New Zealand : Ruakura Inland Port, Hamilton[57]
- New Zealand : MidlandPort at Rolleston, Christchurch[58]
Dry ports in South America
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 In Loc (January 2007). "Feasibility Study on the network operation of Hinterland Hubs (Dry Port Concept) to improve and modernise ports' connections to the hinterland and to improve networking" (PDF). InLoc. Archived from the original ((PDF) Archived from the Original) on 13 April 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Dictionary of International Trade (20 November 2018). "What is a dry port? Definition and meaning". Global Negotiator. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- ↑ C.M. (Red) Williams, President of Saskatchewan Agrivision Corporation. "Inland Port vs. Container Port" (PDF). Retrieved 27 July 2007.
- ↑ Leitner, Sara Jean; Harrison, Robert (2001). The Identification and Classification of Inland Ports. Center for Transportation Research, The University of Texas at Austin. p. 69. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
- ↑ "About us". October Dry Port. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
- ↑ "Korea's CGN tapped to manage Borg El Arab port". Enterprise. 8 March 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
- ↑ "EBRD on board to finance Sixth of October dry port". Enterprise. 28 July 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
- ↑ Railways Africa (3 December 2010). "Angolan Railway Serves Dry Port". Johannesburg: Railways Africa. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- ↑ "Backbone Project". epinedorsale.com. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
- ↑ Comesa (2 June 2018). "Construction of a $300m Dry Port Commissioned on the DRC–Zambia Border". Lusaka, Zambia: COMESA. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- ↑ Geoview.info (14 August 2011). "Matsapha Dry Port, Manzini, Swaziland". Geoview.info. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- 1 2 Dorcas Kang'ereha (1 March 2018). "Ethiopian enterprise to construct four Dry Ports". Nairobi: Construction Review Online. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- 1 2 2merkato.com (25 March 2009). "Dry Ports in Ethiopia". Addis Ababa: 2merkato.com. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ Arthur-Mensah, Godwill (17 August 2018). "Government promises win-win for Boankra Inland Port project". Accra: Ghana News Agency. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- ↑ Burroughs, David (8 April 2019). "Ghana's standard-gauge eastern line approved". Retrieved 14 May 2023.
- 1 2 3 4 Brendon Cannon (18 January 2018). "Inland Container Depots and the Future of Handling East Africa's Cargo". Nairobi: Kenyan Engineer.
- ↑ Andae, Gerald (15 January 2019). "Truckers cry foul over delays at Inland Container Depot". Business Daily Africa. Nairobi. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Editorial (2 July 2018). "The ICD project: Long walk to reality". Lagos: Nigeriamaritime360.com. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- ↑ Mugisha, Ivan (18 November 2018). "Masaka ICD to open in January, cutting time and cost of imports to the region". The EastAfrican. Nairobi. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
- ↑ Koigi, Bob (14 November 2018). "DP World, Rwanda government unveils East Africa's first inland dry port hub". Haarlem, Netherlands: Africa Business Communities. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Erené Cronje, Marianne Matthee and Waldo Krugell (2009). "The Role of Dry Ports In South Africa" (PDF). Transport and Communications Bulletin for Asia and the Pacific. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- ↑ The Citizen Reporter (12 September 2013). "Isaka dry port project remains on track". The Citizen (Tanzania). Dar es Salaam. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- ↑ Togo Invest (2017). "Cinkasse Dry Port". Lome: Togo Invest. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- ↑ Joomlasupport (27 April 2009). "President's Office Dipped Its Fingers In URA's Till". The Observer (Uganda). Kampala. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
- ↑ Oluoch, Fred (1 November 2010). "Tororo dry port to begin operations by 2012". The EastAfrican. Nairobi. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- ↑ The European Times (2011). "Filling the Transport-Infrastructure Gap". The European Times Magazine Online. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- ↑ Business Reporter (11 February 2018). "Mutare dry port facing a myriad of challenges". Harare: Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ↑ "Union Dry Port".Union Import, Export & Transportation and Dry Port, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- ↑ Government of Kazakhstan (2016). "Invest In Kazakhstan" (PDF). Kazakhstan Embassy In Germany. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- ↑ "GatewayRail » Services".
- ↑ "مجوز ایجاد دهکده لجستیک (بندر خشک) در استان اصفهان صادر شد". Irna (in Persian). Retrieved 14 May 2023.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "A Review of Dry Ports" (Article (PDF Available) in Maritime Economics & Logistics 12(2)). 30 June 2010. pp. 196–213. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- ↑ CetrePort Canada (2018). "CetrePort Canada: Canada's Centre for Global Trade, Winnipeg, Manitoba". Winnipeg: CetrePort Canada. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- ↑ Port Alberta (2018). "Port Alberta Foreign Trade Zone". Edmonton: Port Alberta. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- ↑ Puerto Interior (2018). "Strategic Advantages of GTO Inland Port". Puertointerior.com. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- ↑ "About Us | Port of Tucson".
- ↑ Hardesty, Abe (19 October 2018). "Greer Inland Port plans major expansion". Greenville: Grenville News Online. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- ↑ Greg Thompson (30 September 2016). "BMW and Greer: A port far from any storms". Automotive Logistics. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
That Charleston facility now sees approximately 5,000 finished vehicles per week arriving via Norfolk Southern along a rail line that starts at the end of the BMW assembly line and testing centre in Greer. Of the 285,000 finished vehicles exported by the OEM from the plant during 2015, Charleston port was the point of departure for some 250,000 units.
- ↑ The Editor (30 March 2017). "Editorial: Does Virginia need another inland port? Or two?". The Roanoke Times. Roanoke, Virginia, United States. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ↑ Dunlap, Craig (13 February 1991). "Charlotte Inland Terminal Set Another Box Record In 1990". New York City: JOC Magazine. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ↑ Cylex (2018). "North Carolina State Ports Authority: Piedmont Triad Inland Terminal, Greensboro, NC". Bihor, Romania: Cylex Business Directory. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ↑ Umstead, Matthew (7 January 2009). "Martinsburg to study inland port pact". The Herald-Mail Online. Hagerstown, Maryland, United States.
- ↑ "Alice Springs Intermodal Terminal Sold". Fully Loaded Australia. 2 August 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ↑ Star Weekly (11 December 2012). "Residents rally as Altona inland port looks to expand operations". Star Weekly Australia. Keilor Park, Victoria, Australia. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ↑ "Toll Holdings opens new headquarters at Brighton Transport Hub". Sydney: ABC News (Australia). 30 July 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ↑ "SCT Hails Penfield Intermodal Hub Expansion: Rail terminal opening marks significant expansion at site north of Adelaide". Fully Loaded Australia. 6 March 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ↑ Witmitz, Erin (20 September 2017). "Wimmera Intermodal Freight Terminal Precinct moves forward". The Wimmera Mail-Times. Horsham, Victoria, Australia. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ↑ Ettamogah Rail Hub (21 November 2018). "About Ettamogah Rail Hub". Ettamogah Rail Hub. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ↑ "Ettamogah Rail Hub wins $7.6 million under NSW Government's Fixing Country Rail program". Ettamogah Rail Hub. 31 May 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ↑ "Toll Intermodal Opens Facility in Kewdale, Australia". New York City: JOC Group. 22 March 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ↑ "Moorebank Intermodal Company: The Project". Sydney: Moorebank Intermodal Company. 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ↑ "Rail moves in the country: Goulburn Valley Freight Logistics Centre (GVFLC)". Transport & Logistics News. 7 November 2008. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ↑ Austrak Australia (2014). "Somerton Business Park, Victoria: Information & Location Map". Melbourne: Austrak.com.au. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ↑ B. Evans (20 July 2010). "Labor commits nearly $250m to Victoria's regional freight". Rail Page Australia. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ↑ "Ports of Auckland Increases Freight Rail Service to Bring Efficiencies". Auckland: Ports of Auckland. 2 September 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ↑ "Metroport in Auckland to get expansion". Auckland: New Zealand Herald. 12 July 2001. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ↑ "Pictures reveal true size of Ruakura Inland Port". Stuff. 6 July 2017. Retrieved 2020-04-10.
- ↑ Hutching, Chris (8 December 2016). "New operator for Rolleston inland port promises fewer trucks through city". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ↑ Ilott, Dean (21 May 2003). "Ministry to proceed with Los Andes dry port". Bnamericas.com. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- ↑ APM Terminals (2018). "About APM Terminals Uruguay". Montevideo: Apmterminals.com. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
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