Crawford is a surname and a given name of English and Scottish origins.

Origin

The surname Crawford originates from a locative name,[1] possibly derived from a place name composed of the Old English elements crāwe, Scots Craw ("crow") and ford ("ford").[2] Examples of such place names include: Crawford, South Lanarkshire, Scotland,[3] Crawford, Dorset, England,[4] and Crawford, Lancashire, England.[4] The surname is most probably derived from the Scottish place name.[5][note 1] In some cases, the surname may be a variant of Crowfoot, a surname derived from a nickname.[7]

The surname Crawford corresponds to the Scottish Gaelic MacCreamhain,[8] and the Irish de Cráfort and Mac Crábhagáin.[9]

Early examples of forms of the surname include: John de Crauford, in 1147–1160 (Scotland),[10] Galfridus de Crauford, in 1188–1202 (Scotland), and Nicolaus de Crauford, in 1205 (England).[11]

The given name Crawford, generally a masculine name, is derived from the surname.[12]

Distribution

As a surname, Crawford is the 289th most common name in Great Britain, with 30,292 bearers. It is most common in South Lanarkshire where it is the 5th most common surname with 3,384 bearers and in Highland where it is the 8th most common surname with 3,394 bearers. Other concentrations include Belfast (25th, 3,328), Greater Manchester (58th, 3,378), Lancashire (327th, 1,852), West Midlands (341st, 1,796) and Essex (374th, 1,722), and Yorkshire. The countries with the highest percentages of Crawford families are Canada, Jamaica, Northern Ireland, and Scotland.

1881 distribution[13]
CountryNumberCrawford rankRatio/freq
Scotland Scotland8,842681: 423
England England5,7946231: 4,207
Wales Wales949931: 16,685
Jersey Jersey127611: 4,324
Isle of Man Isle of Man51,0281: 10,854
Guernsey Guernsey21,8341: 16,328
2014 distribution[13]
CountryNumberCrawford rankRatio/freq
United States United States181,7901391: 1,762
England England19,6333091: 2,750
Canada Canada15,5122391: 2,284
Australia Australia12,9181911: 1,824
Scotland Scotland6,773771: 783
South Africa South Africa6,7219771: 8,035
New Zealand New Zealand3,8391051: 1,184
Northern Ireland Northern Ireland3,422581: 526
Jamaica Jamaica2,2841931: 1,190
Republic of Ireland Ireland9837191: 4,673

People with the surname Crawford

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People with the given name Crawford

Fictional characters

See also

Notes

  1. The place name is first recorded as Crauford, in about 1150.[6]

Citations

References

  • Black, GF (1971) [1946]. The Surnames of Scotland: Their Origin, Meaning, and History. New York: The New York Public Library. ISBN 0-87104-172-3. OL 8346130M.
  • Cottle, B (1969) [1967]. The Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Penguin Reference Books. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. OL 22912501M.
  • de Bhulbh, S (1997). Sloinnte na h-Éireann: Irish Surnames. Limerick: Comhar-Chumann Íde Naofa Teo. ISBN 0-9530560-0-7. OL 316008M.
  • Hanks, P; Coates, R; McClure, P, eds. (2016). The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-879881-1.
  • Hanks, P; Hardcastle, K; Hodges, F (2006) [1990]. A Dictionary of First Names. Oxford Paperback Reference (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-861060-1.
  • Hanks, P; Hodges, F (1991) [1988]. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-10-211502-8. OL 2044914M.
  • Mark, C (2003). The Gaelic-English Dictionary. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-203-27706-6.
  • Mills, AD (2003) [1991]. A Dictionary of British Place-Names (EPUB). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-852758-6.
  • Reaney, PH (1995). Wilson, RM (ed.). A Dictionary of English Surnames (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-8631464.
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