Penmanship copybook, Boston, Massachusetts, 1840-1850

A copybook, or copy book is a book used in education that contains examples of handwriting and blank space for learners to imitate.[1]

Typical uses include teaching penmanship and arithmetic to students. A page of a copy book typically starts with a copybook heading: a printed example of what should be copied, such as a single letter or a short proverb. The rest of the page is empty, except for horizontal rulings. The student is expected to copy the example down the page. By copying, the student is supposed to practise penmanship, spelling, reading comprehension, punctuation, and vocabulary.

History

The American Instructor: Or, Young Man's Best Companion, published in 1748, was the first American copybook.[2] The 1802 book The Port folio recommends the copybook method of learning fine penmanship over the previously used method of "engraved models", citing the advantage of having the example text closer to the student's reproduction. The author adds, "A neat copybook has often laid the foundation, or shown the first symptoms, of taste in all the elegant arts of life."[3]

Uses

Because in the 18th century good penmanship was primarily considered an important business skill, the copybooks frequently were oriented towards autodidacts wishing to learn business skills, and therefore included chapters on general business management as well as lessons in accounting.[4] Other copybooks, however, focused chiefly on writing literacy and used maxims and sometimes Bible verses as their material. It was intended that students memorize not only correct penmanship, but correct morals as well, through exposure to traditional sayings.

Copybooks were also published in geography, the student being asked to copy first names onto an unlabelled map, and later whole maps onto a latitude/longitude grid.[5]

There are also botanical copybooks like Studies of Flowers from Nature that were popular in the 19th century for developing watercolor painting skills. Here the student would paint an image for which the outline was already drawn in (like a modern coloring book), using as a model a finished watercolor provided by the book's illustrator.[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Definition of copybook in English". Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on March 29, 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  2. ↑ Tamara Plakins Thornton, "Handwriting in America: A cultural history." Page 12.
  3. ↑ Joseph Dennie, Asbury Dickens, "The Port folio", 1802. Page 303
  4. ↑ Tamara Plakins Thornton, "Handwriting in America: A cultural history." Page 12.
  5. ↑ Russell, William; Woodbridge, William Channing; Hubbard, Fordyce Mitchell (1833). American Annals of Education. Otis, Broaders.
  6. ↑ "Featured Book Archive: Miss Smith". University of Cambridge Library website.
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Further reading

  • American Penmanship, 1800-1850: A history of writing and a bibliography of copybooks from Jenkins to Spencer. American Antiquarian Society. 1969.
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