Name

The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the Sokndalen valley (Old Norse: Sóknardalr) since the historic Stedje Church was built there. The first element is the genitive case of the name of the river Sókn (now called Sogndalselvi). The river name is derived from the verb sœkja which means "to seek" or "to look for", thus it is "the river which seeks (finds/forces) its way". The last element is dalr which means "valley" or "dale".^[9]

Coat of arms

Arms: 1984-2019

Arms: since 2020

The original coat of arms was granted on 14 December 1984 and was used until 31 December 2019. The official blazon is "Azure, a ship's stern issuant Or" (Norwegian: På blå grunn ein oppveksande gull skipsstamn). This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is the front of a Viking ship. The charge has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The ship symbolized the nearby naval Battle of Fimreite between King Sverre of Norway and the local King Magnus Erlingsson in the year 1184. The latter was killed in battle together with many nobles of the time. The arms were designed by the artist Inge Rotevatn from Nordfjordeid. The municipal flag had the same design as the coat of arms.^[10][11][12]

A new coat of arms was granted in 2019 for use starting on 1 January 2020 when the municipality was enlarged. The blazon is "Azure, an S-shape argent narrowing to chief". This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is an S-shaped curve that narrows towards the top of the design. The charge has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The arms symbolize a fjord curving between the mountains. The curving shape is also similar to an "S" which is the first letter of the name of the municipality.^[13]

Churches

Kaupanger stave church.

The Church of Norway has six parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Sogndal. It is part of the Sogn prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin.

The main church of the parish is in Stedje. This is probably one of the oldest church sites in Sogn, probably erected in the first half of the 11th century. The present church was built in 1867, at the same time the old stave church was torn down. A runestone stands near the church, and traces of a Viking settlement have been found nearby.

Sogndal has historically had three sub-parishes (under Stedje): Kaupanger, Norane, and Fjærland. All three of these are also old church sites. The first churches in Kaupanger and Norane were probably built as early as the 11th century and in Fjærland the original church was built around 1600. The present church in Fjærland was built in 1861 and in Norane in 1863. In Kaupanger, the old Stave church from the 12th century is still standing. Excavations show that this was probably the third church on this site. The church was rebuilt in 1862 and lost most of its original character. But today, as a result of a restoration project you will find the church much as it was prior to 1862.^[14]

Municipal council

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Sogndal is made up of 37 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The party breakdown of the council is as follows:

Mayors

The mayor (ordførar) of Sogndal is a representative of the majority party of the municipal council who is elected to lead the council. The mayors of Sogndal:^[34]

Education

With more than 2,000 students in the municipality, Sogndal is the educational center of Vestland County. Students from all over Norway come to Sogndal and they create a high level of activity, which is hard to find in places of similar size.

Western Norway University of Applied Sciences is one of the main employers in Sogndal. The Western Norway Research Institute is located within the campus, but it is an independent institution with special expertise in information communication, technology systems, environmental research, and organizational research. In addition to the University College, Sogndal has a large upper secondary school and the oldest continuously running folk high school in the country.^[35]

Subsistence farming

Sogndal is an old dwelling place. Archaeological excavations indicate that people have been living there as far back as 700 BC. The first farms in Sogndal date back to the 1st century AD and findings indicate that these were rich farms. Since ancient time, agriculture has been the most important trade in Sogndal. Traditionally grain cultivation and animal husbandry were the most important, but forestry and fruit growing were also common. Fruit, especially apples, have been grown as far back as there are written sources. In the historical records of King Sverre (12th century) there are words and names indicating that apples have been grown in this area.^[14]

Industrial revolution

Sogndalsfjøra

The largest settlement of Sogndal, Sogndalsfjøra, has a long and remarkable history as a seaside settlement. It probably served as the center of the parish for centuries, with general stores and bakeries testifying to its early importance as a center of commerce and trade.

This was a community characterized by vigorous activity. There were boat landings for farmers living alongside the fjord, military functions were established here, and later on, house owners would rent rooms to the first students of the newly established folk high school. Legal assemblies were held at Hofslund, the vicar lived just nearby, and the church was located within sight at Stedje.

Sogndalsfjøra was inhabited as early as the 17th century. By 1701, the number of permanent residents had reached 60–70, mainly people who did not own property but made their living as day laborers. A century later, the population had increased to 222, and by 1900, 422 residents were registered.

Towards the end of the 19th century, the industrial base had been widened and strengthened. In 1881, there were house painters, a goldsmith, saddlers, carpenters, shoemakers, watchmakers, a tinker, and a butcher. Ten years later, Sogndalsfjøra had its own insurance agent, a telephone operator, an ”automobile chauffeur”, a photographer, and a printer. Sogndalsfjøra was no longer a slum, it was becoming a center of trade, commerce and education.

Sogndal has never been a typical industrial community. Situated along the river 300 metres (980 ft) upstream from the fjord, there was a matchstick factory from the mid-19th century onwards. Later, a wool mill and a bottling plant for soft drinks and fruit juices were added. In 1911, a hydroelectric power station with a 200 kilowatt generator was built here. This was one of the region's first power stations, in fact one of the first in rural Norway.

On the other side of the river is the Stedje Mill, a turbine-driven grain mill that was of great importance to Sogndal and the neighboring parishes during the early 20th century. It was established in 1893 and remained in use until the 1960s, owned and run by the same family through three generations.^[14]

Industrial park

The Kaupanger Industrial Park is home to several large companies. Lerum Industries A/S, a producer of lemonade, syrup, juice, and jam, is a cornerstone company in Sogndal, and it is also the largest factory of its kind in Norway. Gilde is a meat processing company specializing in cured meat products. Together with Lerum it constitutes the majority of the traditional industry in Sogndal. Many of the public service functions for the region are also located in Sogndal.^[39]

River fishing

Fishing permits (for salmon fishing) are sold for use on specific rivers, including Årøy-elva.^[40]

Shopping

Sogndal is the shopping and retail center for the surrounding region which has about 30,000 inhabitants. There are about 70 shops in the compact center of Sogndalsfjøra. Many of these shops are located in the new, modern shopping mall called Sogningen Storsenter.^[39]

Sogndal football

Sogndal has excellent sports accommodations for both indoor and outdoor sports and can offer a great variety of activities. On the national level, Sogndal Fotball (soccer), which plays at Fosshaugane stadium is well known. Sogndal Fotball (formerly Sogndal IL), plays in the Norwegian Second Division (1. Divisjon), which is the second tier of Norwegian football. In spite of the small size of Sogndalsfjøra and the low population of the municipality, Sogndal has managed to spend several seasons in Norway's top division.

Sognahallen

There is room for both competitive and recreational sports, and Sognahallen is the main sports arena in Sogndal. This is a modern sports hall, which has a full-sized football field, including team handball fields, a 100 metres (330 ft) athletics track, and an 18-metre (59 ft) high climbing wall. In cooperation with the Norwegian State College for Physical Education and Sport, Sognahallen has established a great scientific sports centre. This sports centre consists of a strength training studio, an aerobic hall, and a spinning hall. Together with the Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sognahallen has good facilities for sports education, rehabilitation, and testing.^[41]

Public thinking & public service

Harald Ulrik Sverdrup, 1934

• Melchior Falch (1720 in Sogndal – 1791), a jurist, magistrate and fisheries promoter
• Niels Johannesen Loftesnæs (1789 in Sogndal – 1848), a farmer, soldier and representative at the Norwegian Constitutional Assembly
• Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder (1817 in Sogndal - 1882), a missionary with the Zulu Kingdom
• Jens Andreas Friis (1821 in Sogndal – 1896), a philologist, lexicographer, university professor and a prominent linguist in the languages spoken by the Sami people
• Andreas Leigh Aabel (1830 in Sogndal – 1901), a Norwegian physician and poet
• Harald Sverdrup (1888 in Sogndal – 1957), an oceanographer and meteorologist and director of the Norwegian Polar Institute
• Liv Signe Navarsete (born 1958 in Sogndal), a tempestuous politician, Party leader, and minister

The Arts

Tone Damli Aaberge, 2011

• Gjest Baardsen (1791 in Sogndalsfjøra - 1849), an outlaw, jail-breaker, non-fiction writer, songwriter, and memoirist
• Minda Ramm (1859 in Sogndal – 1924), a Norwegian novelist, translator and literary critic
• Olav Stedje (born 1953) (born 1953 in Sogndal), a Norwegian soft rock singer-songwriter
• Tone Damli Aaberge (born 1988 in Sogndal), a Norwegian singer-songwriter and actress ^[43]
• Windir (1994–2004), a Norwegian sognametal band whose members originated in Sogndal
• Eva & The Heartmaker (formed 2006), a musical duo of Eva Weel Skram and Thomas Stenersen

Sport

Eirik Bakke, 2016

• Eirik Bakke (born 1977 in Sogndal), a retired footballer with 386 club caps and 27 for Norway
• Thea Bjelde (born 2000 in Sogndal), a footballer with over 100 club caps and over 50 for Norway
• Terje Skjeldestad (born 1978 in Sogndal), a retired goalkeeper with 244 caps with Sogndal Fotball
• Anders Stadheim (born 1980 in Sogndal), a former footballer with over 200 club caps
• Oddbjørn Skartun (born 1989 in Sogndal), a Norwegian footballer with over 200 club caps
• Kristian Opseth (born 1990 in Kaupanger), a Norwegian footballer with almost 200 club caps

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