FIFA Club World Cup
Organising bodyFIFA
Founded2000 (2000)
RegionInternational
Number of teams32
(from 6 confederations)
Related competitionsFIFA Intercontinental Cup
Current championsEngland Manchester City
(1st title)
Most successful club(s)Spain Real Madrid
(5 titles)
Television broadcastersList of broadcasters
Websitefifa.com/clubworldcup
2025 FIFA Club World Cup

The FIFA Club World Cup is an international men's association football competition organised by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The competition was first contested in 2000 as the FIFA Club World Championship. It was not held from 2001 to 2004 due to a combination of factors in the cancelled 2001 tournament, most importantly the collapse of FIFA's marketing partner International Sport and Leisure (ISL), but since 2005 it has been held every year. Views differ as to the cup's prestige: it struggles to attract interest in most of Europe, and is the object of heated debate in South America.[1][2]

The first FIFA Club World Championship took place in Brazil in 2000, during which year it ran in parallel with the Intercontinental Cup, a competition played by the winners of the UEFA Champions League and the Copa Libertadores, with the champions of each tournament both recognised (in 2017) by FIFA as club world champions. In 2005, the Intercontinental Cup was merged with the FIFA Club World Championship, and in 2006, the tournament was renamed as the FIFA Club World Cup. The winner of the Club World Cup receives the FIFA Club World Cup trophy and a FIFA World Champions certificate.

The current format of the tournament involves seven teams competing for the title at venues within the host nation over a period of about two weeks; the winners of that year's AFC Champions League (Asia), CAF Champions League (Africa), CONCACAF Champions Cup (North, Central America and Caribbean), CONMEBOL Libertadores (South America), OFC Champions League (Oceania) and UEFA Champions League (Europe), along with the host nation's national champions, participate in a straight knock-out tournament. The host nation's national champions contest a play-off against the Oceania champions, from which the winner joins the champions of Asia, Africa and North America in the quarter-finals. The quarter-final winners go on to face the European and South American champions, who enter at the semi-final stage, for a place in the final.

Real Madrid hold the record for most titles, having won the competition on five occasions. Corinthians' inaugural victory remains the best result from a host nation's national league champions. Teams from Spain have won the tournament eight times, the most for any nation. England has the largest number of winning teams, with four clubs having won the tournament. The current world champions are Manchester City, who defeated Fluminense 4–0 in the 2023 final.

History

Origin

A nighttime view of the Las Vegas strip
Las Vegas, Nevada saw the birth of the competition during FIFA's executive committee in December 1993

The first club tournament to be billed as the Football World Championship was held in 1887, in which FA Cup winners Aston Villa beat Scottish Cup winners Hibernian, the winners of the only national competitions at the time. The first time when the champions of two European leagues met was in what was nicknamed the 1895 World Championship, when English champions Sunderland beat Scottish champions Heart of Midlothian 5–3.[3] Ironically, the Sunderland lineup in the 1895 World Championship consisted entirely of Scottish players – Scottish players who moved to England to play professionally in those days were known as the Scotch Professors.[3][4]

The first attempt at creating a global club football tournament, according to FIFA, was in 1909, 21 years before the first FIFA World Cup.[5] The Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy was held in Italy in 1909 and 1911, and contested by English, Italian, German and Swiss clubs.[6] English amateur team West Auckland won on both occasions.[7]

The idea that FIFA should organise international club competitions dates from the beginning of the 1950s.[8] In 1951, the Brazilian FA created Copa Rio, also called "World Champions Cup" in Brazil, with a view to being a Club World Cup (a "club version" of the FIFA World Cup). FIFA president Jules Rimet was asked about FIFA's involvement in Copa Rio, and stated that it was not under FIFA's jurisdiction since it was organised and sponsored by the Brazilian FA.[9] FIFA board officials Stanley Rous and Ottorino Barassi participated personally, albeit not as FIFA assignees, in the organisation of Copa Rio in 1951. Rous' role was the negotiations with European clubs, whereas Barassi did the same and also helped form the framework of the competition. The Italian press regarded the competition as an "impressive project" that "was greeted so enthusiastically by FIFA officials Stanley Rous and Jules Rimet to the extent of almost giving it an official FIFA stamp."[10] Because of the difficulty the Brazilian FA found in bringing European clubs to the competition, the O Estado de S. Paulo newspaper suggested that there should be FIFA involvement in the programming of international club competitions saying that, "ideally, international tournaments, here or abroad, should be played with a schedule set by FIFA".[11] Palmeiras beat Juventus at Maracanã with over 200,000 spectators in attendance at the final of the 1951 Copa Rio, and were hailed as the first ever Club World Champions by the whole Brazilian press.[12][13] However, as a number of European clubs declined participation in Copa Rio and their berths were given to less renowned ones, the quality of the eventually participating clubs was criticised in the Brazilian press,[14] therefore the Brazilian FA announced that the following editions of Copa Rio were not to be hailed as a World Champions Cup but only as Copa Rio,[15] and thus the second edition of the cup, won by Fluminense in 1952, was hailed as a World Champions Cup by a minority of the Brazilian press,[16][17] having Copa Rio been extinguished by the Brazilian FA soon later, and replaced with another cup, won in 1953 by Vasco da Gama.

Still in the 1950s, the Pequeña Copa del Mundo (Spanish for Small World Cup) was a tournament held in Venezuela between 1952 and 1957, with some other club tournaments held in Caracas from 1958 onwards also often referred to by the name of the original 1952–1957 tournament.[18] It was usually played by four participants, with two from Europe and two from South America.[18]

In 1960, FIFA authorised the International Soccer League, created along the lines of the 1950s Copa Rio, with a view to creating a Club World Cup, with ratification from Stanley Rous, who then had become FIFA president.[19] In the same year, the Intercontinental Cup rose to existence.

The Intercontinental Cup and early proposals for a FIFA Club World Cup

We want to win the title, not so much for ourselves but to prevent Racing from being champions.

—Jock Stein, Celtic Football Club's manager, 1965–1978, commenting before the play-off match of the 1967 Intercontinental Cup known as The Battle of Montevideo; Evening Times, 3 November 1967.[20]

The Dutch team AFC Ajax claimed a victory without any problems and this match was no more difficult than a banal encounter at the European Cup.

—A Dutch newspaper journalist from Amsterdam, commenting on the quality of the competition and Ajax's opponent after the 1972 Intercontinental Cup; De Telegraaf, 30 September 1972.[21]

The indifference of the fans is the only explanation for our financial failure [at the Intercontinental Cup]. It would be much better if we had gotten a friendly similar to the one we would do in Tel Aviv, on 11 January, for US$255,000.

—Dettmar Cramer, Bayern Munich's manager, 1975–1977, commenting on the low relevance, prestige and rewards of the Intercontinental Cup after his team's victory in 1976; Jornal do Brasil, 22 December 1976.[22]

The Tournoi de Paris was a competition initially meant to bring together the top teams from Europe and South America; it was first played in 1957 when Vasco da Gama, the Rio de Janeiro champions, beat European champions Real Madrid 4–3 in the final at the Parc des Princes. The match was the first ever hailed as the "best of Europe X best of South American" club match, as it was Real Madrid's first intercontinental competition as European champions (the Madrid team played the 1956 Pequeña Copa del Mundo, but confirmed their participation in the Venezuelan tournament before becoming European champions).[23] In 1958, Real Madrid declined to participate in the Paris competition claiming that the final of the 1957–58 European Cup was just five days after the Paris Tournoi.[24] On 8 October 1958, the Brazilian FA President João Havelange announced, at a UEFA meeting he attended as an invitee, the decision to create the "best of Europe X best of South American" club contest with endorsement from UEFA and CONMEBOL: the Copa Libertadores, the CONMEBOL-endorsed South American equivalent of the UEFA-endorsed European Cup, and the Intercontinental Cup, the latter being a UEFA/CONMEBOL-endorsed "best club of the world" contest between the champion clubs of both confederations.

Real Madrid won the first Intercontinental Cup in 1960,[25][26] titled themselves world champions until FIFA stepped in and objected; citing that the competition did not grant the right to attempt participation to any other champions from outside Europe and South America, FIFA stated that they can only claim to be intercontinental champions of a competition played between two continental organisations[27] (in contrast to the Intercontinental Cup, the right to attempt participation at the FIFA World Cup, through FIFA invitation in 1930 and qualification process since 1934, was open to every FIFA member-country, regardless of the continent where it was located). FIFA stated that they would prohibit the 1961 edition to be played out unless the organisers regarded the competition as a friendly or a private match between two organisations.[28]

The Intercontinental Cup attracted the interest of other continents.[29] The North and Central America confederation, CONCACAF, was created in 1961 in order to, among other reasons, try to include its clubs in the Copa Libertadores and, by extension, the Intercontinental Cup.[30] However, their entry into both competitions was rejected. Subsequently, the CONCACAF Champions' Cup began in 1962.[31]

Due to the brutality of the Argentine and Uruguayan clubs at the Intercontinental Cup, FIFA was asked several times during the late 1960s to assess penalties and regulate the tournament.[32] However, FIFA refused each request.[33] The first of these requests was made in 1967, after a play-off match labelled The Battle of Montevideo.[34] The Scottish Football Association, via President Willie Allan, wanted FIFA to recognise the competition in order to enforce football regulation; FIFA responded that it could not regulate a competition it did not organise.[20] Allan's crusade also suffered after CONMEBOL, with the backing of its President Teofilo Salinas and the Argentine Football Association (Asociación del Fútbol Argentino; AFA), refused to allow FIFA to have any hand in the competition stating:[35]

The CSF is the entity in charge of controlling, in South America, the organisation of the tournament between the champions of Europe and [South] America, a competition FIFA considers a friendly. We do not think it's appropriate that FIFA has to meddle in the matter.

Stanley Rous can be considered a "founding father" of the road for a club world cup. As a referee, he participated in the 1930 Coupe des Nations. As a football official, he endorsed and supported Copa Rio and the International Soccer League. As FIFA president, he was the first FIFA official to propose the expansion of the Intercontinental Cup into an all-confederations Club World Cup under FIFA auspices, a proposal he put forward in 1967 and that would turn into the FIFA Club World Cup in 2000

René Courte, FIFA's General Sub-Secretary, wrote in 1967 an article shortly afterwards stating that FIFA viewed the Intercontinental Cup as a "European-South American friendly match".[36] This was confirmed by FIFA president Stanley Rous. With the Asian and North American club competitions in place in 1967, FIFA opened the idea of supervising the Intercontinental Cup if it included those confederations, with Stanley Rous saying that CONCACAF and the Asian Football Confederation had requested in 1967 participation of their champions in the Intercontinental Cup; the proposal was met with a negative response from UEFA and CONMEBOL. The 1968 and 1969 Intercontinental Cups finished in similarly violent fashion, with Manchester United manager Matt Busby insisting that "the Argentineans should be banned from all competitive football. FIFA should really step in."[37] In 1970, the FIFA Executive Committee proposed the creation of a multicontinental Club World Cup, not limited to Europe and South America but including also the other confederations; the idea did not go forward due to UEFA resistance.

In 1973, French newspaper L'Equipe, who helped bring about the birth of the European Cup,[38] volunteered to sponsor a Club World Cup contested by the champions of Europe, South America, North America and Africa, the only continental club tournaments in existence at the time; the competition was to potentially take place in Paris between September and October 1974, with an eventual final to be held at the Parc des Princes. The extreme negativity of the Europeans prevented this from happening.[39] The same newspaper tried once again in 1975 to create a Club World Cup, in which participants would have been the four semi-finalists of the European Cup, both finalists of the Copa Libertadores, as well as the African and Asian champions; once more, the proposal was to no avail.[40] UEFA, via its president, Artemio Franchi, declined once again and the proposal failed.[41] The idea for a multicontinental, FIFA-endorsed Club World Cup was also endorsed by João Havelange in his campaigning for FIFA presidency in 1974. The Mexican clubs América and Pumas UNAM, and the Mexican Football Association, demanded participation in the Intercontinental Cup (either as the American-continent representantives in the Intercontinental Cup or as part of a UEFA-CONMEBOL-CONCACAF new Intercontinental Cup) after winning the 1977–78 and 1980–81 editions of the Interamerican Cup against the South American champions; the request was unsuccessful.

The 1970s saw no fewer than seven occasions in which the European champions relinquished participating at the Intercontinental Cup, resulting in either the participation of the European Cup runners-up or the cancellation of the event; thus, with the Intercontinental Cup in danger of being dissolved,[42] West Nally, a British marketing company, was hired by UEFA and CONMEBOL to find a viable solution in 1980;[43][44][45] Toyota Motor Corporation, via West Nally, took the competition under its wing and rebranded it as the Toyota Cup, a one-off match played in Japan.[46][47] Toyota invested over US$700,000 in the 1980 edition to take place in Tokyo's National Olympic Stadium, with over US$200,000 awarded to each participant.[48] The Toyota Cup, with its new format, was received with scepticism, as the sport was unfamiliar in the Far East.[49][50] However, the financial incentive was welcomed, as European and South American clubs were suffering financial difficulties.[51] To protect themselves against the possibility of European withdrawals, Toyota, UEFA and every European Cup participant signed annual contracts requiring the eventual winners of the European Cup to participate at the Intercontinental Cup, as a condition UEFA stipulated to the clubs' participation in the European Cup, or risk facing an international lawsuit from UEFA and Toyota. For instance, Barcelona, the winners of the 1991–92 European Cup, considered not participating in the Intercontinental Cup in 1992, and the aforementioned contractual obligation weighed in for their decision to play.[52] In 1983, the English Football Association tried organising a Club World Cup to be played in 1985 and sponsored by West Nally, only to be denied by UEFA.[53]

Inauguration (2000–2001)

Manchester United see this as an opportunity to compete for the ultimate honour of being the very first world club champions.

—Martin Edwards, Manchester United's chairman, 1980–2002, commenting on the FIFA Club World Championship; British Broadcasting Corporation News, 30 June 1999.[54]

The framework of the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship was laid years in advance.[55] According to Sepp Blatter, the idea of the tournament was presented to the executive committee in December 1993 in Las Vegas, United States by Silvio Berlusconi, AC Milan's president.[56] Since every confederation had, by then, a stable, continental championship, FIFA felt it was prudent and relevant to have a Club World Championship tournament. Initially, there were nine candidates to host the competition: China, Brazil, Mexico, Paraguay, Saudi Arabia, Tahiti, Turkey, the United States and Uruguay; of the nine, only Saudi Arabia, Mexico, Brazil and Uruguay confirmed their interest to FIFA. On 7 June 1999, FIFA selected Brazil to host the competition,[57] which was initially scheduled to take place in 1999.[58] Manchester United legend Bobby Charlton, a pillar of England's victorious campaign in the 1966 FIFA World Cup, stated that the Club World Championship provided "a fantastic chance of becoming the first genuine world champions."[59] The competition gave away US$28 million in prize money and its TV rights, worth US$40 million, were sold to 15 broadcasters across five continents.[60] The final draw of the first Club World Championship was done on 14 October 1999 at the Copacabana Palace Hotel in Rio de Janeiro.[61]

There they were claiming that the English weren't interested in the world championship, yet the BBC sent 60 people to cover the tournament. This shows that it was the most important competition that they have taken part in in their history. They came here thinking they were going to win easily but they didn't count on the strength of Vasco. No Manchester player would get a place in the Vasco team at the moment. The Brazilians are the best players in the world, the Europeans do not even come close.

—Eurico Miranda, Vasco da Gama's vice-president, 1986–2000, commenting on the importance given to the tournament by the British news media, the level of European club football as well as Brazil's after his side's 3–1 win over Manchester United; Independent Online, 11 January 2000.[62]

The inaugural competition was planned to be contested in 1999 by the continental club winners of 1998, the Intercontinental Cup winners and the host nation's national club champions, but it was postponed by one year. When it was rescheduled, the competition had eight new participants from the continental champions of 1999: Brazilian clubs Corinthians and Vasco da Gama, English side Manchester United, Mexican club Necaxa, Moroccan club Raja CA, Spanish side Real Madrid, Saudi club Al-Nassr, and Australian club South Melbourne.[63] The first goal of the competition was scored by Real Madrid's Nicolas Anelka against Al-Nassr; Real Madrid went on to win the match 3–1.[64] The final was an all-Brazilian affair, as well as the only one which saw one side have home advantage.[65] Vasco da Gama could not take advantage of its local support, being beaten by Corinthians 4–3 on penalties after a 0–0 draw in 90 minutes and extra time.[66][67]

The second edition of the competition was planned for Spain in 2001, and would have featured 12 clubs.[68] The draw was performed at A Coruña on 6 March 2001.[69] However, it was cancelled on 18 May, due to a combination of factors, most importantly the collapse of FIFA's marketing partner International Sport and Leisure.[70] The participants of the cancelled edition received US$750,000 each in compensation; the Real Federación Española de Fútbol (RFEF) also received US$1 million from FIFA.[71] Another attempt to stage the competition in 2003, in which 17 countries were looking to be the host nation, also failed to happen.[72][73] FIFA agreed with UEFA, CONMEBOL and Toyota to merge the Intercontinental Cup and Club World Championship into one event.[74] The final Intercontinental Cup, played by representatives clubs of most developed continents in the football world, was in 2004, with a relaunched Club World Championship held in Japan in December 2005.[75] All the winning teams of the Intercontinental Cup were regarded by worldwide mass media and football's community as de facto "world champions"[76][77][78] until 2017 when FIFA officially (de jure) recognised all of them as official club world champions in equal status to the FIFA Club World Cup winners.[79][80]

Knock-out tournaments (2005–present)

A group of association football players, who played for FC Barcelona at the time of the photo, lifting their coach after winning their second FIFA Club World Cup.
Pep Guardiola is hoisted in the air after Barcelona won the 2011 FIFA Club World Cup, beating Santos 4–0 in the final.

The 2005 version was shorter than the previous World Championship, reducing the problem of scheduling the tournament around the different club seasons across each continent. It contained just the six reigning continental champions, with the CONMEBOL and UEFA representatives receiving byes to the semi-finals. A new trophy was introduced replacing the Intercontinental trophy, the Toyota trophy and the trophy of 2000. The draw for the 2005 edition of the competition took place in Tokyo on 30 July 2005 at The Westin Tokyo.[81] The 2005 edition saw São Paulo pushed to the limit by Saudi side Al-Ittihad to reach the final.[82] In the final, one goal from Mineiro was enough to dispatch English club Liverpool;[83] Mineiro became the first player to score in a Club World Cup final.[84]

Internacional defeated defending World and South American champions São Paulo in the 2006 Copa Libertadores Finals in order to qualify for the 2006 tournament.[85] At the semi-finals, Internacional beat Egyptian side Al Ahly in order to meet Barcelona in the final.[86] A late goal from Adriano Gabiru kept the trophy in Brazil.[87][88] It was in 2007 when Brazilian hegemony was finally broken: AC Milan won a close match against Japan's Urawa Red Diamonds, who were pushed by over 67,000 fans at Yokohama's International Stadium, and won 1–0 to reach the final.[89] In the final, Milan crushed Boca Juniors 4–2, in a match that saw the first player sent off in a Club World Cup final: Milan's Kakha Kaladze from Georgia in the 77th minute.[90] Eleven minutes later, Boca Junior's Pablo Ledesma would join Kaladze as he too was sent off.[91] The following year, Manchester United would emulate Milan by beating their semi-final opponents, Japan's Gamba Osaka, 5–3.[92] They saw off Ecuadorian club LDU Quito 1–0 to become world champions in 2008.[93][94]

Corinthians won their second world title after defeating Chelsea 1–0 in the final, capping off a year which saw them undefeated in international matches with just four goals conceded.

United Arab Emirates successfully applied for the right to host the FIFA Club World Cup in 2009 and 2010.[95] Barcelona dethroned World and European champions Manchester United in the 2009 UEFA Champions League Final to qualify for the 2009 Club World Cup.[96] Barcelona beat Mexican club Atlante in the semi-finals 3–1 and met Estudiantes in the final.[97] After a very close encounter which saw the need for extra-time, Lionel Messi scored from a header to snatch victory for Barcelona and complete an unprecedented sextuple.[98][99][100][101][102] The 2010 edition saw the first non-European and non-South American side to reach the final: TP Mazembe from the Democratic Republic of Congo defeated Brazil's Internacional 2–0 in the semi-final to face Internazionale, who beat South Korean club Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma 3–0 to reach the final.[103][104] Internazionale went on to beat Mazembe with the same scoreline to complete their quintuple.[105][106]

The FIFA Club World Cup returned to Japan for the 2011 and 2012 edition.[107] In 2011, Barcelona comfortably won their semi-final match 4–0 against Qatari club Al Sadd.[108] In the final, Barcelona would repeat their performance against Santos; this is, to date, the largest winning margin in the final of the competition.[109] Messi also became the first player to score in two different Club World Cup finals.[110] The 2012 edition saw Europe's dominance come to an end as Corinthians, boasting over 30,000 travelling fans which was dubbed the "Invasão da Fiel", travelled to Japan to join Barcelona in being two-time winners of the competition.[111][112] In the semi-finals, Al-Ahly managed to keep the scoreline close as Corinthians' Paolo Guerrero scored to send the Timão into their second final.[113] Guerrero would once again come through for Corinthians as the Timão saw off English side Chelsea 1–0 in order to bring the trophy back to Brazil.[66][114]

Zinedine Zidane during a press conference at the 2017 FIFA Club World Cup. Real Madrid became the first team to retain the trophy having also won the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup.

2013 and 2014 had the Club World Cup moving to Morocco. The first edition saw a Cinderella run of host team Raja CA, who had to start in the play-off round and became the second African team to reach the final, after defeating Brazil's Atlético Mineiro in the semi-final.[115] Like Mazembe, Raja also lost to the European champion, this time a 2–0 defeat to Bayern Munich.[116] 2014 again had a decision between South America and Europe, and Real Madrid beat San Lorenzo 2–0.[117]

The 2015 and 2016 editions once again saw Japan as hosts for the 7th and 8th time respectively in the 12th and 13th editions of the FIFA Club World Cup. The 2015 edition saw a final between River Plate and FC Barcelona. FC Barcelona lifted their third FIFA Club World Cup, with Suarez scoring two goals and Lionel Messi scoring one goal in the Final. One notable thing that occurred in the 2015 tournament was that Sanfrecce Hiroshima made it to third place, the farthest ever achieved by a Japanese club. This record would not last though, as the 2016 edition saw J1 League winners Kashima Antlers making it to the Final (outscoring rivals 7–1), against Real Madrid. A Gaku Shibasaki inspired Kashima attempted to win their first FIFA Club World Cup (a feat never done by any club outside of Europe and South America), but were denied by Real Madrid, who won 4–2 in extra time, thanks to a hat-trick by Cristiano Ronaldo.[118]

The UAE returned to host the event in 2017 and 2018.[119][120] 2017 involved the likes of Real Madrid becoming the first team in Club World Cup history to return to the tournament to defend their title. Real Madrid became the first team to successfully defend their title after defeating Grêmio in the Final, all while eliminating Al Jazira in the Semi-Finals. Al-Ain was the first Emirati team to reach the Club World Cup final,[121] as well as the second Asian team to reach the final in the 2018 edition. Real Madrid defeated Al-Ain 4–1 in the final, to win their fourth title in the competition and to become the first team ever to win it three years in a row and four times in total in the tournament's history. Thus, Real Madrid extended their international titles to seven after winning the 2018 edition (counting their three Intercontinental Cup titles and four Club World Cup titles).[n 1]

On 3 June 2019, FIFA selected Qatar as the host of both the 2019 and 2020 events.[123][124] Gonzalo Belloso, the Deputy Secretary General and development director of CONMEBOL, previously said that the 2019 and 2020 editions will be held in Japan.[125] The 2019 edition saw Liverpool defeat Flamengo to win the competition for the first time.[126] In the 2020 edition, Bayern Munich beat Tigres UANL 1–0, completing their sextuple.[127] The 2021 tournament was won by Chelsea, who defeated Palmeiras 2–1 after extra time for their first title.[128]

Planned expansion

In late 2016, FIFA President Gianni Infantino suggested an expansion of the Club World Cup to 32 teams beginning in 2019 and the reschedule to June to be more balanced and more attractive to broadcasters and sponsors.[129] In late 2017, FIFA discussed proposals to expand the competition to 24 teams and have it be played every four years by 2021, replacing the FIFA Confederations Cup.[130]

The new tournament with 24 teams was supposed to start in 2021 and would have included all UEFA Champions League winners, UEFA Champions League runners-up, UEFA Europa League winners, and Copa Libertadores winners from the four seasons up to and including the year of the event, with the remainder qualifying from the other four confederations.[131][132] Along with a new UEFA Nations League competition, revenues of $25 billion would be expected during the period from 2021 to 2033.[133] The first tournament would have been played in China; however, the tournament was cancelled[134] due to scheduling issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.[135]

On 16 December 2022, FIFA announced an expanded tournament that would have 32 teams and start in June 2025.[134][136][137] The International Federation of Professional Footballers and World Leagues Forum both immediately criticized the proposal.[134] On 23 June 2023, FIFA confirmed that the United States will host the 2025 tournament as a prelude to the 2026 FIFA World Cup.[138] The 32 teams will be divided into 8 groups of 4 teams with the top 2 teams in each group qualifying to the knockout stage. The FIFA Council also unanimously approved the concept of an annual club competition from 2024, in response to the fact that the FIFA Club World Cup will be held for the last time in its current guise in 2023.[139]

The tournament format is generating controversy, with many clubs and national federations opposing its scheduling and accusing FIFA of prioritizing money over the health of the players.[140] The addition of the new FIFA Intercontinental Cup tournament will allegedly generate an overload of competitions and will put the health of the players at risk.[141][142]

Results

Finals

Ed. Year Host First place game Third place game Num.
teams		 Ref.
Winners Score Runners-up Third place Score Fourth place
1
  Brazil Brazil Corinthians
(4–3 p)
Brazil Vasco da Gama Mexico Necaxa
1–1 (a.e.t.)
(4–3 p)
 Spain Real Madrid
8
 [143][144]
—
  Spain
Tournament cancelled due to financial difficulties
12
 [145]
—
2002
—
Tournament not held
 [146]
2003
2004
2
  Japan Brazil São Paulo England Liverpool Costa Rica Saprissa
3–2
 Saudi Arabia Al-Ittihad
6
 [147][148]
3
  Japan Brazil Internacional Spain Barcelona Egypt Al Ahly
2–1
 Mexico América
6
 [149][150]
4
  Japan Italy Milan Argentina Boca Juniors Japan Urawa Red Diamonds
2–2[n 2]
(4–2 p)
 Tunisia Étoile du Sahel
7
 [151][152]
5
  Japan England Manchester United Ecuador LDU Quito Japan Gamba Osaka
1–0
 Mexico Pachuca
7
 [153]
[154]
6
  United Arab Emirates Spain Barcelona Argentina Estudiantes LP South Korea Pohang Steelers
1–1[n 2]
(4–3 p)
 Mexico Atlante
7
 [155][156]
[157]
7
  United Arab Emirates Italy Inter Milan Democratic Republic of the Congo TP Mazembe Brazil Internacional
4–2
 South Korea Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma
7
 [158][159]
8
  Japan Spain Barcelona Brazil Santos Qatar Al Sadd
0–0[n 2]
(5–3 p)
 Japan Kashiwa Reysol
7
 [160][161]
[162]
9
  Japan Brazil Corinthians England Chelsea Mexico Monterrey
2–0
 Egypt Al Ahly
7
 [163][164]
10
  Morocco Germany Bayern Munich Morocco Raja CA Brazil Atlético Mineiro
3–2
 China Guangzhou Evergrande
7
 [165][166]
11
  Morocco Spain Real Madrid Argentina San Lorenzo New Zealand Auckland City
1–1[n 2]
(4–2 p)
 Mexico Cruz Azul
7
 [167][168]
[169]
12
  Japan Spain Barcelona Argentina River Plate Japan Sanfrecce Hiroshima
2–1
 China Guangzhou Evergrande
7
 [170][171]
13
  Japan Spain Real Madrid Japan Kashima Antlers Colombia Atlético Nacional
2–2[n 2]
(4–3 p)
 Mexico América
7
 [172][173]
[174][175]
14
  United Arab Emirates Spain Real Madrid Brazil Grêmio Mexico Pachuca
4–1
 United Arab Emirates Al-Jazira
7
 [176]
15
  United Arab Emirates Spain Real Madrid United Arab Emirates Al-Ain Argentina River Plate
4–0
 Japan Kashima Antlers
7
 [177]
16
  Qatar England Liverpool Brazil Flamengo Mexico Monterrey
2–2[n 2]
(4–3 p)
 Saudi Arabia Al-Hilal
7
 [178]
17
  Qatar Germany Bayern Munich Mexico Tigres UANL Egypt Al Ahly
0–0[n 2]
(3–2 p)
 Brazil Palmeiras
6
 [179]
18
  United Arab Emirates England Chelsea Brazil Palmeiras Egypt Al Ahly
4–0
 Saudi Arabia Al-Hilal
7
 [180]
19
  Morocco Spain Real Madrid Saudi Arabia Al-Hilal Brazil Flamengo
4–2
 Egypt Al Ahly
7
 [181]
20
  Saudi Arabia England Manchester City Brazil Fluminense Egypt Al Ahly
4–2
 Japan Urawa Red Diamonds
7
 [182][183]
21
  United States
32
Notes
  1. ↑ The council of FIFA officially recognizes the winners of the Intercontinental Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup as club world champions.[122]
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 No extra time was played.
  3. ↑ Score was 1–1 after 90 minutes.
  4. ↑ Score was 2–2 after 90 minutes.
  5. ↑ Score was 0–0 after 90 minutes.
  6. ↑ Score was 1–1 after 90 minutes.

Performances by club

Performances in the FIFA Club World Cup by club
Club Titles Runners-up Years won Years runners-up
Spain Real Madrid 5 0 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022 —
Spain Barcelona 3 1 2009, 2011, 2015 2006
Brazil Corinthians 2 0 2000, 2012 —
Germany Bayern Munich 2 0 2013, 2020 —
England Liverpool 1 1 2019 2005
England Chelsea 1 1 2021 2012
Brazil São Paulo 1 0 2005 —
Brazil Internacional 1 0 2006 —
Italy Milan 1 0 2007 —
England Manchester United 1 0 2008 —
Italy Inter Milan 1 0 2010 —
England Manchester City 1 0 2023 —
Brazil Vasco da Gama 0 1 — 2000
Argentina Boca Juniors 0 1 — 2007
Ecuador LDU Quito 0 1 — 2008
Argentina Estudiantes 0 1 — 2009
Democratic Republic of the Congo TP Mazembe 0 1 — 2010
Brazil Santos 0 1 — 2011
Morocco Raja CA 0 1 — 2013
Argentina San Lorenzo 0 1 — 2014
Argentina River Plate 0 1 — 2015
Japan Kashima Antlers 0 1 — 2016
Brazil Grêmio 0 1 — 2017
United Arab Emirates Al-Ain 0 1 — 2018
Brazil Flamengo 0 1 — 2019
Mexico Tigres UANL 0 1 — 2020
Brazil Palmeiras 0 1 — 2021
Saudi Arabia Al-Hilal 0 1 — 2022
Brazil Fluminense 0 1 — 2023

Performances by country

Performance by nation
Country Titles Runners-up Years won Years runners-up
 Spain 8 1 2009, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022 2006
 Brazil 4 6 2000, 2005, 2006, 2012 2000, 2011, 2017, 2019, 2021, 2023
 England 4 2 2008, 2019, 2021, 2023 2005, 2012
 Italy 2 0 2007, 2010 —
 Germany 2 0 2013, 2020 —
 Argentina 0 4 — 2007, 2009, 2014, 2015
 Ecuador 0 1 — 2008
 DR Congo 0 1 — 2010
 Morocco 0 1 — 2013
 Japan 0 1 — 2016
 United Arab Emirates 0 1 — 2018
 Mexico 0 1 — 2020
 Saudi Arabia 0 1 — 2022

Performances by confederation

Africa's best representatives were TP Mazembe from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Moroccan club Raja CA, which finished second in 2010 and 2013, respectively. Asia's best representatives were Kashima Antlers from Japan, Al-Ain from the United Arab Emirates and Al-Hilal from Saudi Arabia, finishing second in 2016, 2018 and 2022, respectively. North America's best result was Mexican team Tigres UANL, which earned a second-place finish in 2020. These six clubs are the only sides from outside Europe and South America to reach the final.

Auckland City from New Zealand earned third place in 2014, the only time to date that an Oceanian team reached the semi-finals of the tournament.

ConfederationWinnersRunners-upThird place
UEFA163—
CONMEBOL4115
AFC—35
CAF—24
CONCACAF—15
OFC——1
Total202020

Format and rules

Distribution of clubs in the
FIFA Club World Cup[184]
Play-off round

Quarter-final round

Semi-final round

Final
  • Two winners of the semi-final round

As of 2022, most teams qualify to the FIFA Club World Cup by winning their continental competitions, be it the AFC Champions League, CAF Champions League, CONCACAF Champions League, Copa Libertadores, OFC Champions League or UEFA Champions League. Aside from these, the host nation's national league champions qualify as well.[185]

The maiden edition of this competition was separated into two rounds. The eight participants were split into two groups of four teams. The winner of each group met in the final while the runners-up played for third place. The competition changed its format during the 2005 relaunch into a single-elimination tournament in which teams play each other in one-off matches, with extra time and penalty shoot-outs used to decide the winner if necessary. It featured six clubs competing over a two-week period. There were three stages: the quarter-final round, the semi-final round and the final. The quarter-final stage pitted the Oceanian Champions League winners, the African Champions League winners, the Asian Champions League winners and the North American Champions League winners against each other. Afterwards, the winners of those games would go on to the semi-finals to play the European Champions League winners and South America's Copa Libertadores winners. The victors of each semi-final would play go on to play in the final.[185]

With the introduction of this format, a fifth place match and a spot for the host nation's national league champions were added. There are now four stages: the play-off round, the quarter-final round, the semi-final round and the final. The first stage pits the host nation's national league champions against the Oceanian Champions League winners. The winner of that stage would go on the quarter-finals to join the African Champions League winners, the AFC Champions League winners and the CONCACAF Champions League winners. The winners of those games would go on to the semi-finals to play the UEFA Champions League winners and South America's Copa Libertadores winners. The winners of each semi-final play each other in the final.[185]

Starting from 2022, the match for fifth place is no longer played.[184]

Trophy

The trophy used during the inaugural competition was called the FIFA Club World Championship Cup. The original laurel was created by Sawaya & Moroni, an Italian designer company that produces contemporary designs with cultural backgrounds and design concepts. The designing firm is based in Milan. The fully silver-coloured trophy had a weight of 4 kg (8.8 lb) and a height of 37.5 cm (14.8 in). Its base and widest points are 10 cm (3.9 in) long. The trophy had a base of two pedestals which had four rectangular pillars. Two of the four pillars had inscriptions on them; one contained the phrase, "FIFA Club World Championship" imprinted across. The other had the letters "FIFA" inscribed on it. On top, a football based on the 1998 FIFA World Cup ball, the Adidas Tricolore, can be seen. The production costs of the laurel was US$25,000. It was presented for the first time at Sheraton Hotels and Resorts in Rio de Janeiro on 4 January 2000.[186][187][188][189]

Just as the [FIFA] women's [World Cup] trophy had a distinct feminine note to it, so this new trophy is more masculine. It is also inspired by a classic sense of geometry and architecture, enduring concepts just like the status of a World Champion.

William Sawaya, designer of the FIFA Club World Championship trophy, commenting on the laurel; Fédération Internationale de Football Association, 3 January 2000.[186]

The tournament, in its present format, shares its name with the current trophy, also called the FIFA Club World Cup or simply la Copa, which is awarded to the FIFA Club World Cup winner. It was unveiled at Tokyo on 30 July 2005 during the draw of that year's edition of the competition. The laurel was designed in 2005 in Birmingham, United Kingdom, at Thomas Fattorini Ltd, by English designer Jane Powell, alongside her assistant Dawn Forbes, at the behest of FIFA. The gold-and-silver-coloured trophy, weighing 5.2 kg (11 lb), has a height of 50 cm (20 in). Its base and widest points are also measured at exactly 20 cm (7.9 in). It is made out of a combination of brass, copper, sterling silver, gilding metal, aluminium, chrome and rhodium. The trophy itself is gold plated.[81][187]

The design, according to FIFA, shows six staggered pillars, representing the six participating teams from the respective six confederations, and one separate metal structure referencing the winner of the competition. They hold up a globe in the shape of a football – a consistent feature in almost all of FIFA's trophies. The golden pedestal has the phrase, "FIFA Club World Cup", imprinted at the bottom.[187]

Awards

At the end of each Club World Cup, awards are presented to the players and teams for accomplishments other than their final team positions in the tournament. There are currently three awards:[190]

Lionel Messi with the Golden Ball greets Bronze Ball recipient Neymar after the 2011 Club World Cup Final.
  • The Golden Ball for the best player, determined by a vote of media members, who is also awarded the Alibaba Cloud Award (the presenting sponsor of the FIFA Club World Cup); the Silver Ball and the Bronze Ball are awarded to the players finishing second and third in the voting respectively.[190]
  • The Player of the Match (formerly known as the "Man of the Match") for the best performing player in each tournament match. It was first awarded in 2013.
  • The FIFA Fair Play Trophy for the team with the best fair play record, according to the points system and criteria established by the FIFA Fair Play Committee.[190]

The winners of the competition are also entitled to receive the FIFA Champions Badge; it features an image of the trophy, which the reigning champion is entitled to display on its first-team kit only, up until and including, the final of the next championship. The first edition of the badge was presented to Milan, the winners of the 2007 final.[191][192] All four previous champions were allowed to wear the badge until the 2008 final, where Manchester United gained the sole right to wear the badge by winning the trophy.[193]

Each tournament's top three teams receives a set of gold, silver or bronze medals to distribute to their players.[190]

Prize money

Prize money (USD)
Winners $5 million
Runners-up $4 million
Third place $2.5 million
Fourth place $2 million
Fifth place $1.5 million
Sixth place $1 million
Seventh place $0.5 million

The 2000 FIFA Club World Championship was the inaugural edition of this competition; it provided US$28 million in prize money for its participants. The prize money received by the clubs participating was divided into fixed payments based on participation and results. Clubs finishing the tournament from fifth to eighth place received US$2.5 million. The club who would eventually finish in fourth place received US$3 million while the third-place team received US$4 million. The runner-up earned US$5 million while the eventual champions would gain US$6 million.[194]

The relaunch of the tournament in 2005 FIFA Club World Championship saw different amounts of prize money given and some changes in the criteria of receiving certain amounts. The total amount of prize money given dropped to US$16 million. The winners received US$5 million and the runners-up US$4 million, with $2.5 million for third place, US$2 million for fourth, US$1.5 million for fifth and US$1 million for sixth.[195]

For the 2007 FIFA Club World Cup, a play-off match between the OFC champions and the host-nation champions for entry into the quarter-final stage was introduced in order to increase home interest in the tournament. The reintroduction of the match for fifth place for the 2008 competition also prompted an increase in prize money by US$500,000 to a total of US$16.5 million.[196]

Sponsorship

Like the FIFA World Cup, the FIFA Club World Cup is sponsored by a group of multinational corporations. Toyota Motor Corporation, a Japanese multinational automaker headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, was the Presenting Partner of the FIFA Club World Cup until its sponsorship agreement expired at the end of December 2014 and was not renewed.[197] Because Toyota was an automobile manufacturer and the main sponsor of the tournament, Hyundai-Kia's status as a FIFA partner was not active with respect to the Club World Cup prior to 2015. However, the other FIFA partners – Adidas, Coca-Cola and Visa – retained full sponsorship rights. In 2015, Alibaba Group signed an eight-year contract to become the Presenting Partner of the competition.[198]

The inaugural competition had six event sponsors: Fujifilm, Hyundai, JVC, McDonald's, Budweiser and MasterCard.[199]

Individual clubs may wear jerseys with advertising, even if such sponsors conflict with those of the FIFA Club World Cup. However, only one main sponsor is permitted per jersey in addition to that of the kit manufacturer.[185]

Records and statistics

Cristiano Ronaldo (pictured in 2015 wearing a Real Madrid kit with the gold FIFA Champions Badge) is the all-time leading goalscorer in the tournament

Toni Kroos has won the FIFA Club World Cup six times, which is the record for the most by any player.[200] Cristiano Ronaldo holds the record of being the overall top goalscorer in FIFA Club World Cup history with seven goals.[201] Hussein El Shahat is the player with the most appearances in the competition, with fifteen.[202]

Real Madrid have won the FIFA Club World Cup a record five times. They also have the most wins (12) and most total goals scored in the competition (40).[203][204] Auckland City have participated in the most different tournaments (11),[205] while Al Ahly have played the most matches in the competition (25).[204]

Official songs

Like most international football tournaments, the FIFA Club World Cup has featured official songs for each tournament since 2005.

List of FIFA Club World Cup official songs and anthems
Year Hosts Official songs/anthems Languages(s) Performer(s)
2005  Japan "Legendary Meadow" Japanese Chemistry
2006 "Top of the World" Japanese
2007 "Shining Night" Japanese Chemistry (supported by Monkey Majik)
2008 "Septenova" English and Japanese Gospellers vs. Shintaro Tokita (from Sukima Switch)
2009  UAE "The River Sings" Loxian Enya
2010
2011  Japan "Never Give Up" Japanese Kylee
2012 "World Quest" Japanese NEWS
2013  Morocco "Seven Colors" English and Japanese
2014
"Come Alive" English RedOne feat. Chawki
2015  Japan "Anthem" English NEWS
2016
2017  UAE "Kingdom" English and Japanese
2018 "Spirit" Japanese
2019  Qatar "Superstar" Japanese
2022  Morocco "Welcome To Morocco" English and Arabic RedOne, Douzi, Hatim Ammor, Asma Lamnawar, Rym, Aminux, Nouaman Belaiachi, Zouhair Bahaoui, Dizzy DROS
2023  Saudi Arabia "It's On"[206] English Bebe Rexha, RedOne

Reception

Since its inception in 2000, the competition, despite its name and the contestants' achievements, has received differing reception. In most of Europe it struggles to find broad media attention compared to the UEFA Champions League and commonly lacks recognition as a high-ranking contest.[207][208] In South America, however, it is widely considered the highest point in the career of a footballer, coach and/or team at international club level.[209][210] In Brazil and Argentina, the tournament is seen as a continuity of the Intercontinental Cup.

The competition is also criticised, mainly by the European press and fans among others, for its format, which favours the UEFA and CONMEBOL teams, since their representatives start in the semi-finals and can only meet each other in the final match. The opening up of the global market in football has changed the balance. Nowadays, the best South Americans are usually playing for the European teams.[211][212] FIFA's decision to choose the competition's host based on financial factors rather than footballing ones, as in the case of Qatar, has also been criticised.[213] Additionally, the economic benefits to the winning team are considered inferior to any Super Cup prizes.[214][215]

See also

References

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  2. ↑ Vickery, Tim (16 December 2014). "Club World Cup: Real Madrid ahead for San Lorenzo". BBC Sport. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
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  10. ↑ Corriere dello Sport: Claudio Carsughi – Tra Rio de Janeiro e San Paolo l´avvio del "Torneo dei Campioni" – página 3(acervo), 30 June 1951
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Further reading

  • Augustyn, Adam (2011). The Britannica Guide to Soccer. The Rosen Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-61530-581-0.
  • Darby, Paul (2002). Africa, Football and Fifa: Politics, Colonialism and Resistance (Sport in the Global Society). Frank Cass Publishers. ISBN 0-7146-8029-X.
  • Dunmore, Tom (2011). Historical Dictionary of Soccer. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7188-5.
  • Fortin, François (2003). Sports: The Complete Visual Reference. Firefly Books. ISBN 1-55297-807-9.
  • Goldblatt, David (2008). The Ball Is Round: A Global History of Soccer. Penguin Group. ISBN 978-1-59448-296-0.
  • Jozsa, Frank (2009). Global Sports: Cultures, Markets and Organizations. World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-283-569-7.
  • Mitten, Adam (2010). The Rough Guide to Cult Football. Penguin Group. ISBN 978-1-4053-8577-0.
  • Oliver, Guy (2006). Almanack of World Football 2007. Headline Book Publishing. ISBN 0-7553-1506-5.
  • Peterson, Marc (2009). The Integrity of the Game and Shareholdings in European Football Clubs. GRIN Verlag. ISBN 978-3-640-43109-0.
  • Radnedge, Keir (2011). FIFA World Football Records 2012. Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-84732-840-3.
  • Sugden, John (1998). FIFA and the Contest For World Football. Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-1661-5.
  • Trecker, Jim; Miers, Charles (2008). Whitesell, J. Brett (ed.). Women's Soccer: The Game and the Fifa World Cup (Illustrated ed.). Explorer Publishing. ISBN 978-9948-8585-3-9.
  • Witzig, Richard (2006). The Global Art of Soccer. CusiBoy Publishing. ISBN 0-9776688-0-0.
  • Explorer Tokyo: The Complete Residents' Guide. Penguin Group. 2008. ISBN 978-1-59448-296-0.
  • Soccer: The Ultimate Guide. Penguin Group. 2010. ISBN 978-0-7566-7321-5.
  • Karsdorp, Dirk (June 2022). The Complete Results & Line-ups of the Intercontinental Cup 1960–2004 and the FIFA Club World Cup 2000–2022. Soccer Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-86223-491-8.
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