Clarice Halligan (17 September 1904 – 16 February 1942) was an Australian nurse and missionary. During World War II she enlisted in the Australian Army Nursing Service, and while a prisoner of war was killed by the Japanese in the Bangka Island massacre.

Early life

Clarice Isobel Halligan was born in Ballarat, Victoria, on 17 September 1904.[1] The daughter of Joseph Patrick Halligan and Emily Watson Chalmers, she had seven brothers and sisters.[2][3]

Halligan trained at The Melbourne Hospital and Women's Hospital.[4][5] She worked for three and a half years at the renamed Royal Melbourne Hospital.[2]

In 1934 she travelled to Papua New Guinea as a missionary,[4] landing in Port Moresby on 31 July.[2]

World War II

On 11 July 1940 Halligan enlisted[6] at the A.A.M.C. Depot in Melbourne for the Australian Army Nursing Service.[1] On 20 December 1940 Halligan joined the 2nd/13th Australian General Hospital[1] serving in Malacca, Malaysia and Singapore following the Japanese advance.[4]

Embarkation of the ship Malaya 3 Left to right: Mary Cuthbertson, Clarice Halligan, H Syer and R Wilson

In February 1942, Halligan was evacuated from Singapore on the SS Vyner Brooke with the Australia Army nurses.[4] Together with the 65 Australian nurses and over 250 civilian men, women and children evacuated on the Vyner Brooke from Singapore three days before the fall of Malaya. She was injured when the ship was bombed by Japanese torpedoes and sunk in Bangka Strait on 14 February, leaving 22 nurses stranded on Bangka Island in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia).[4] The nurses were taken prisoners of war by the Japanese along with 25 British soldiers.

On 16 February the group was massacred. The soldiers were bayoneted and the nurses were ordered to march into the sea at Radji Beach,[2][7] where they were shot; she was 37 years old.[1][8][9][10][11][12]

Awards and honours

Halligan was honoured at the Last Post ceremony at the Australian War Memorial on 9 February 2020.[4] Her memorial is in the Singapore Memorial within Kranji War Cemetery,[1] Augusta Australian Army Nursing Sisters Monument,[13][14] Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial in Ballarat[15] and Australian Military Nurses Memorial.[16]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Clarice Isobel HALLIGAN". Virtual War Memorial. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Curtis, Lorraine. "My story of Aunt, Clarice Isobel Halligan" (PDF). Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  3. ↑ "Rylah—Halligan". The Argus (Melbourne). Victoria, Australia. 1 February 1937. p. 3. Retrieved 8 February 2020 – via Trove.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Nurses to be honoured in 2020 Last Post Ceremonies". Australian College of Nursing. 10 November 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  5. ↑ "NURSES' EXAM". Weekly Times. Victoria, Australia. 12 June 1926. p. 12. Retrieved 8 February 2020 – via Trove.
  6. ↑ HALLIGAN CLARICE ISOBEL : Service Number – VFX47776. National Archives of Australia.
  7. ↑ Shaw, Ian W (September 2010), On Radji Beach, Sydney Pan (published 2012), ISBN 978-1-74262-231-6
  8. ↑ "21 AUSTRALIAN NURSES MASSACRED". The Daily Telegraph. New South Wales, Australia. 17 September 1945. p. 1. Retrieved 8 February 2020 – via Trove.
  9. ↑ "AUSTRALIAN NURSES MURDERED BY JAPANESE". Tweed Daily. New South Wales, Australia. 18 September 1945. p. 1. Retrieved 8 February 2020 – via Trove.
  10. ↑ Dodkin, Marilyn (2006), Goodnight Bobbie : one family's war, UNSW Press, ISBN 978-0-86840-850-7
  11. ↑ "Family Notices". The Herald. Victoria, Australia. 17 June 1944. p. 4. Retrieved 8 February 2020 – via Trove.
  12. ↑ "Family Notices". The Age. Victoria, Australia. 14 June 1944. p. 6. Retrieved 8 February 2020 – via Trove.
  13. ↑ "Augusta Australian Army Nursing Sisters Monument". vwma.org.au. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  14. ↑ "These are the stories of the Radji Beach nurses". Veterans SA. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  15. ↑ "Nurses | Prisoner of War Memorial Ballarat". www.powmemorialballarat.com.au. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  16. ↑ "Australian Military Nurses Memorial". vwma.org.au. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
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