Chrysoblephus
Chrysoblephus gibbiceps
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Spariformes
Family: Sparidae
Genus: Chrysoblephus
Swainson, 1839
Type species
Chrysophrys gibbiceps

Chrysoblephus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. The fish in this genus are found in the western Indian Ocean and southeastern Atlantic Ocean.

Taxonomy

Chrysoblephus was first proposed, as a subgenus of Chrysophrys, in 1839 by the English naturalist and artist William John Swainson. Swainson only classified one species, Chrysophrys gibbiceps, in the new taxon so that species is the type species of Chrysoblephus by monotypy.[1] Chrysophrys gibbericeps was first described in 1830 by Achille Valenciennes with its type locality given as the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa.[2] This genus is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World.[3] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Sparinae,[4] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.[3]

Etymology

Chrysoblephus is a compound of chrysos, meaning “gold”, and blepharon, which means “eyelid”. Swainson proposed this taxon as a subgenus of Chrysophrys and repeated the meaning of that name: chrysos compounded with; ophrys, which also means “eyebrow”. This was coined, as Chrysophris, by Georges Cuvier in 1829, stating that it was an ancient name of Chrysophrys auratus, and that it was an allusion to the band of gold that runs between the eyes in a crescent shape.[5]

Species

Chrysoblephus contains the following valid species:[6]

Characteristics

Chrysoblephus sea breams are characterised by, typically, having scales between the eye, only C. lophus is the exception. They also have scales on the flange pf the preoperculum and on the bases of the dorsal and anal fins. Each jaw has 4-6 canine-like teeth at the front and 3 rows of small molar-like teeth behind those. The overall colour is reddish-orange.[7] The largest species in the genus is the Englishman seabream with a maximum published total length of 100 cm (39 in) while the smallest are the Roman sea bream and the false stumpnose which each have maximum published total lengths of 50 cm (20 in).[6]

Distribution

Chrysoblephus seabreams are endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean waters off Southern Africa with two species extending into the southeastern Atlantic Ocean as far north as northern Namibia.[7]

Fisheries

Chrysoblephus seabreams are pupular fishes to commercial and recreational fishers in South Africa, where they are known as reds.[7]

References

  1. 1 2 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sparidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
  2. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Chrysoblephus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  3. 1 2 Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
  4. ↑ Parenti, P. (2019). "An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae". FishTaxa. 4 (2): 47–98.
  5. ↑ "Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 6 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  6. 1 2 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2023). Species of Chrysoblephus in FishBase. October 2023 version.
  7. 1 2 3 Yukio Iwatsuki and Phillip C Heemstra (2022). "Family Sparidae". In Phillip C Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; and John E Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). Vol. 3. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 284–315. ISBN 978-1-990951-32-9.
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