Charles Willing Byrd
Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Ohio
In office
March 3, 1803 – August 25, 1828
Appointed byThomas Jefferson
Preceded bySeat established by 2 Stat. 201
Succeeded byWilliam Creighton Jr.
Acting Governor of the Northwest Territory
In office
1802–1803
Appointed byOperation of law
Preceded byArthur St. Clair
Succeeded byOffice abolished
Secretary of the Northwest Territory
In office
1800–1803
Appointed byJohn Adams
Preceded byWilliam Henry Harrison
Succeeded byOffice abolished
Personal details
Born
Charles Willing Byrd

(1770-07-26)July 26, 1770
Westover Plantation,
Colony of Virginia,
British America
DiedAugust 25, 1828(1828-08-25) (aged 58)
Sinking Spring, Ohio, U.S.
Resting placeSinking Spring, Ohio, U.S.
SpouseHannah Miles Byrd
ChildrenJane Byrd Long, Samuel Otway Byrd
Parent(s)William Byrd III
Mary Willing Byrd
RelativesWilliam Byrd II (grandfather)
EducationRead law
Signature1803 signature

Charles Willing Byrd (July 26, 1770 – August 25, 1828) was an American politician who was the Secretary of the Northwest Territory, acting Governor of the Northwest Territory and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Ohio.

Education and career

Born on July 26, 1770, on Westover Plantation in Charles City County, Colony of Virginia, British America,[1] Byrd read law in 1794,[1] with Gouverneur Morris in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and was admitted to the bar.[2] He was a land agent for Philadelphia financier Robert Morris in Lexington, Kentucky from 1794 to 1797.[3][4][5] He was in private practice in Philadelphia from 1797 to 1799.[1] He was appointed Secretary of the Northwest Territory by President John Adams on October 3, 1799, serving from 1799 to 1802.[1] Byrd took his oath of office before Governor Arthur St. Clair on February 26, 1800.[6] While serving as Secretary of the Northwest Territory, Byrd also served as a Hamilton county delegate to the 1802 Ohio Constitutional Convention.[7][8] He was acting Governor of the Northwest Territory from 1802 to 1803.[1] Byrd served as Secretary of the Northwest Territory until Ohio became a state on March 1, 1803.[6] Byrd served as Territorial Governor until Edward Tiffin was duly elected governor of the state of Ohio on March 3, 1803.[6][9] In 1803, Byrd served as a delegate to Ohio's constitutional convention.[10]

Federal judicial service

Following the admission of the Northwest Territory to the Union as the State of Ohio on March 1, 1803, Byrd was nominated by President Thomas Jefferson on March 1, 1803, to the United States District Court for the District of Ohio, to a new seat authorized by 2 Stat. 201.[1] He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 3, 1803, and received his commission the same day.[1] His service terminated on August 25, 1828, due to his death in Sinking Spring, Ohio.[1][11] He was interred at the old rural cemetery in Sinking Spring.[12]

Notable cases

In its first session, the court participated in the trial of Aaron Burr. The indictment charged Burr and Harman Blennerhassett, with commencing an expedition to wage war against Spain via Mexico, but the charges were eventually dropped in 1819.[13] Another notable case for the court was Osborn v. Bank of the United States, which arose out of the attempt of the Ohio Legislature to tax out of existence the bank's branches in Cincinnati and Chillicothe by imposing an annual $50,000 tax on each branch.[14] The case reached the United States Supreme Court and the tax was held invalid following the case of McCulloch v. Maryland.

Family

Coat of Arms of Charles Willing Byrd

Byrd was the son of Colonel William Byrd III and Mary Willing Byrd.[2] He was also the grandson of William Byrd II, who is considered the founder of Richmond, Virginia.[2] While in the service of Robert Morris in Kentucky, Byrd married Sarah Waters Meade, the daughter of his father's friend, Colonel David Meade, on April 6, 1797.[4][12] On June 8, 1807, Byrd and his wife purchased a tract of 600 acres (2.4 km2) in Monroe Township, Adams County, Ohio, known as Buckeye Station and Hurricane Hill, from their brother-in-law, General Nathaniel Massie.[2] The Byrds' home sat on a ridge overlooking Kentucky and the Ohio River.[2] After his wife's death on February 21, 1815, Byrd moved to Chillicothe, Ohio where he lived and worked for a year before moving to West Union, Ohio.[15] While residing in West Union, Byrd met and married Hannah Miles (died August 14, 1839) on March 8, 1818.[2]

Food and nutrition habits

From his diary, Byrd showed an extreme consciousness on matters of physical health and religion.[2] Byrd purchased an area called "Sinking Spring" in Highland County because he believed the waters there possessed medicinal properties conducive to health and longevity.[2] He guarded the diets of his family and himself.[2] By his place at the dining table, Byrd kept a small silver scale, upon which he weighed every article of food allowing a certain quantity of fat, sugar and phosphates with each portion given to himself and his family.[2] Byrd, along with at least one of his sons, had a deep interest in the Shakers movement and made significant donations to the movement.[2]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Charles Willing Byrd at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Evans, Nelson Wiley; Emmons B. Stivers (1900). A History of Adams County, Ohio: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Including Character Sketches of the Prominent Persons Identified with the First Century of the Country's Growth ... E B. Stivers. pp. 526–527; J. W. Klise stated that Byrd began his legal education with his uncle. J. W. Klise, ed., State Centennial History of Highland County, 1902; 1902. Reprint. Owensboro, KY: Cook & McDowell, 1980, p. 168.
  3. ↑ Milligan, Fred J. (2003). Ohio's Founding Fathers. iUniverse. p. 49. ISBN 0-595-29322-0. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
  4. 1 2 "Charles W. Byrd - Ohio History Central". www.ohiohistorycentral.org.
  5. ↑ Tyler, Lyon Gardiner (1952). Tyler's quarterly historical and genealogical magazine. s.n. p. 298. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
  6. 1 2 3 Burtner Jr., W.H. "Charles Willing Byrd". Ohio Archaeological and Historical Publications. 41: 237–240.
  7. ↑ Judges of the United States. 2d ed. (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1983), 71.
  8. ↑ "First Constitutional Convention, Convened November 1, 1802". Ohio Archaeological and Historical Publications. V: 131–132. 1896.
  9. ↑ Rush R. Sloane, "Organization and Admission of Ohio into the Union and the Great Seal of the State." in Ohio Centennial Anniversary Celebration, ed., E.O. Randall. (Columbus, Oh.: Ohio State Archaeological & Historical Society, 1903), 104–105.
  10. ↑ "Biography, Charles W. Byrd". Ohio History Central. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
  11. ↑ Byrd mss., 1794–1881, Lilly Library Manuscript Collections, Indiana University
  12. 1 2 "Charles Willing Byrd bibliography". Archived from the original on January 18, 2009. Retrieved 2008-12-05., Charles Willing Byrd (1770–1828) Bibliography
  13. ↑ United States v. Burr, CCKy, FedCas No. 14,692 [Nov 8, 1806]; 25 Fed 1 (1896)
  14. ↑ "Osborn v. Bank of the United States, 22 U.S. 738 (1824)". Justia Law.
  15. ↑ The house at Buckeye Station built by General Massie in 1797 was sold to John Ellison August 15, 1817. Ibid., 53; Evans, A History of Adams County, Ohio, 527–528.
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