Changjoon Justin Lee
Born(1966-03-21)March 21, 1966
Gimpo, South Korea
Alma materColumbia University, University of Chicago
Known forGABA and glia research
AwardsScience Day 2017 (2017), Kyung-Ahm Prize (2016), FILA Basic Science Award (2014), Scientist of the Year Award (KIST, 2011)
Scientific career
FieldsIon channel, neuron-glia interaction, astrocyte pathophysiology, cognitive glioscience, glioblastoma
InstitutionsInstitute for Basic Science, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Emory University, Michael Reese Hospital, Columbia University
ThesisThe Expression and Function of Kainate and AMPA Receptors in Nociceptive Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons (2001)
Doctoral advisorAmy B. MacDermott
Korean name
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationLee Changjun
McCune–ReischauerLee Ch'angchun
WebsiteCenter for Cognition and Sociality – Cognitive Glioscience Group

Changjoon Justin Lee is an American neuroscientist specializing in the field of glioscience. He served as the Director of Center for Neuroscience at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology and later founded the WCI Center for Functional Connectomics as part of the World Class Institute Program. In 2015, he established the Center for Glia-Neuron Interaction before becoming co-director of the IBS Center for Cognition and Sociality and head of the Cognitive Glioscience Group in 2018. He has been on the editorial boards of the journals Molecular Brain and Molecular Pain and is a chief editor of Experimental Neurobiology.

Early life and education

Born in a rural area of Gimpo City, Lee interacted with the natural world and raised livestock at home which inspired an interest in biology.[1] After completion of middle school, he left South Korea and moved to the US at age 15 and started high school at Rich Central High School, Olympia Fields, Illinois. While under an Illinois State Scholarship[2] and working as a junior research assistant in the lab of Professor Louis Seiden, Lee majored in chemistry and obtained his B.A. from the University of Chicago in 1990. He then moved to New York where he enrolled in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Columbia University where he earned his M.S. and Ph.D. in neurophysiology under the Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics. His doctoral thesis adviser was Professor Amy B. MacDermott, whose lab he worked in as a research technician and later as a graduate research assistant upon recipient of his M.S.

Before the first year of his joint M.S. and Ph.D. study, he worked as a research assistant in Emily Foster's lab at Michael Reese Hospital. Within Columbia University, he was also a research technician in Professor Martin Low's lab.

Career

He then completed a three-year postdoc position in the lab of Professor Traynelis at Emory University in the Department of Pharmacology. His sponsor was Dr. Stephen Traynelis and his research scope was the modulation of NMDA receptors by protease-activated receptors.[3] During the postdoc position, he visited the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) and was influenced by Shin Hee-sup to join KIST,[1] which he did in 2004 as a senior research scientist. Working at KIST, he became a principle research scientist in 2010 and later a tenured research scientist in 2017.

Lee participated in establishing brain science research infrastructure at KIST, first as a founding member of the Center for Neuroscience with director Shin Hee-sup. The Center is now a constituent of KIST's Brain Science Institute. He also helped to establish the Neuroscience Program of the University of Science and Technology (UST). He also participated as a founding faculty of KU-KIST School of Convergence Technology. As a part of World Class Institute program (WCI), he founded the WCI Center for Functional Connectomics in 2009[4] and served as the organizing deputy director of the center.[5][6][7]

In November 2018, Lee joined the IBS Center for Cognition and Sociality as a co-director with Shin Hee-sup, who he had previously met and worked with at KIST. Shin led the Social Neuroscience Group until his retirement in 2020[8][9] while Lee leads the Cognitive Glioscience Group which focuses on four research areas: molecular glioscience, glia-neuron interaction, glial plasticity and cognition, and gliopathy.[10]

GABA synthesis and release from glia

Lee's research group has contributed to the field of gliotransmission by creating several seminal publications on the channel-mediated gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate release from astrocytes.[11][12] They later identified the biosynthetic pathway for astrocyte GABA and found monoamine oxidase B to be the key enzyme for GABA production[13] which raised the possibility that astrocytes can directly participate in cognitive processes via astrocytic GABA.[14]

His team also found a connection with GABA from reactive astrocytes and impaired memory in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease, leading them to propose astrocytic GABA might be a diagnostic tool, biomarker, and therapeutic target for both neurological diseases Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.[15] The research is notable as it revealed that astrocytes, like neurons, play a significant role in cognitive processes.[16] The findings also resulted in a technology transfer to MegaBioWood[17] which will be prepared for a phase I clinical trial in 2019.[18] In response to his Alzheimer's research related to causes of memory loss, Lee received the Science Day 2017 Presidential Medal of Honor.[19][20]

Molecular mechanism of glutamate and d-serine release from glia

It is known that glutamate is released from astrocytes but the exact method of their release, i.e., the release mechanism, has been controversial.[21] His team went on to discover two models of glutamate release; a fast mode through TREK-1 in the K2P channel[22] and a slow mode through the Best1 channel in hippocampal astrocytes.[12] They found that Best1-controlled glutamate release is related to receptor mediated synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus when PAR1 is activated.[23] These papers also show that the key modulator for excitation-inhibition balance in the brain is mainly dependent on the levels of glutamate and GABA. In addition to glutamate, Best1 can also release d-serine, which can act as a co-agonist of NMDA receptors to participate in synaptic plasticity.[24]

Astrocytic volume transient and brain plasticity

Some of his glioscience-related research has been with identifying and characterizing several astrocytic ion channels. His teams learned that the astrocytic two-pore potassium channel K2P has a passive conductance with a subunit composition of a heterodimer of TWIK-1 and TREK-1.[22] They also put forth the proposal that the heterodimer of TWIK-1 and TREK-1 could be a potential therapeutic target for epilepsy, depression, and anxiety disorders caused by concentrations of potassium ion.[25] The team found that the astrocytic volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) is tweety-homolog (Ttyh),[26] which is notable as VRAC was proposed to be leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 8 (LRRC8).[27] Lee's research also showed that the astrocytic volume change through aquaporin-4 water channel is critical for synaptic plasticity. They demonstrated that a change in the volume can directly affect spatial memory in mice, meanwhile it affects memory and language-association learning in humans.[26]

Reactive gliosis and neurodegeneration

Reactive gliosis has often referred to as the basis for neuroinflammation, which has implicated them in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases[28][29][30] but their in vivo functions have not been fully tested due to the lack of an appropriate experimental model. When Lee's team developed an astrocyte-specific toxin receptor model, they found that the astrocytes selectively became reactive, which identifies severe reactive astrocytes as a key factor in Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration.[31]

Software development

Lee has been involved in the development of several research-related software projects, including Mini Analysis and Easy Articles, both distributed by Synaptosoft.[32] His nervous system research software was the reason Lee was scouted by Shin Hee-sup to conduct research in Korea.[33]

Honors and awards

  • 2023: Korea Science Award[34]
  • 2020: Korea's Top 5 Bio-Field Research Results and News, POSTECH Biological Research Information Center[35][36]
  • 2017: Science Day 2017, Korea Science & Technology Development Presidential Medal of Honor[19][20]
  • 2016: Kyung-Ahm Prize, Kyung-Ahm Education & Cultural Foundation[37][38]
  • 2014: FILA Basic Science Award, Korean Academy of Science and Technology[39][40][41]
  • 2014: Jang Jin Award, Korean Society for Brain and Neuroscience[42][43]
  • 2013: Dec. Star Professor Award, University of Science & Technology[44][45][46]
  • 2013: Aug. Outstanding Mentor Award, University of Science & Technology
  • 2012: Dec. Best Mentor Award, University of Science & Technology[47][48]
  • 2011: Jun. Best Mentor Award, University of Science & Technology[49]
  • 2011: Jun. Outstanding Mentor Award, University of Science & Technology[49]
  • 2011: Scientist of the Year Award, KIST
  • 2011: 100 Leaders in Korea, The Dong-a Ilbo[50]
  • 2011: Outstanding Research Team Award, KIST
  • 2010: Outstanding Researcher Award, Prime Minister of Korea
  • 2010: Dec. Scientist of the Month Award, Korean Ministry of Science & Technology
  • 2010: Dec. Scientist of the Month Award, KIST
  • 2009: Outstanding Project Award, KIST
  • 2009: Jun. Outstanding Teacher Award, University of Science & Technology
  • 2009: May Outstanding Mentor Award, University of Science & Technology
  • 2009: Feb. Outstanding Researcher Award, KIST
  • 2003: Outstanding Researcher Award, Association of Korean Neuroscientists
  • 2000: Outstanding Researcher Award, Association of Korean Neuroscientists

Scientific society

Journal editing

See also

References

  1. 1 2 김, 지영 (12 December 2016). "대세 거스른 과학자 "뭘 해도 10년은 해야 하더라"". HelloDD (in Korean). Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  2. ↑ "Speakers: On Tonic GABA and Glia-Neuron Interaction". DGIF. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  3. ↑ Speaker C. Justin Lee (PDF). The 10th Asia Spine; A Joint Meeting with the 33rd Annual Meeting of the KSNS. Seoul Dragon City, Seoul, Korea. 19–21 September 2019. p. 1. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  4. ↑ "Center for Functional Connectomics: Introduction". Korea Institute of Science and Technology. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  5. ↑ 김, 혜민 (27 November 2014). "제 13회 한국과학기술한림원상 시상식 개최". 파이낸셜뉴스 (in Korean). Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  6. ↑ 이, 준혁 (6 October 2014). "노벨의학상에 모서 부부 등 3명". 한국경제 (in Korean). Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  7. ↑ 임, 솔 (6 October 2014). "뇌안의 GPS 원리를 밝히다…올해 노벨의학상에 오키프·모세르부부(종합)". Chosun Biz (in Korean). Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  8. ↑ 박윤균 (23 December 2020). "'국가과학자 1호' 신희섭박사, 연구현장 떠나". MK 증권 (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2020.
  9. ↑ 류준영 (23 December 2020). "떠나는 IBS 1호 연구단장 신희섭…국내 최초로 뇌과학에 유전학 도입". MT (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2020.
  10. ↑ "Dr. LEE Changjoon Justin Appointed as Co-director of the Center for Cognition and Sociality". Institute for Basic Science. 20 November 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  11. ↑ Lee, Soojung; Yoon, Bo-Eun; Berglund, Ken; Oh, Soo-Jin; Park, Hyungju; Shin, Hee-Sup; Augustine, George J.; Lee, C. Justin (5 November 2010). "Channel-Mediated Tonic GABA Release from Glia". Science. 330 (6005): 790–796. Bibcode:2010Sci...330..790L. doi:10.1126/science.1184334. PMID 20929730. S2CID 39820740.
  12. 1 2 Woo, Dong Ho; Han, Kyung-Seok; Shim, Jae Wan; Yoon, Bo-Eun; Kim, Eunju; Bae, Jin Young; Oh, Soo-Jin; Hwang, Eun Mi; Marmorstein, Alan D.; Bae, Yong Chul; Park, Jae-Yong; Lee, C. Justin (28 September 2012). "TREK-1 and Best1 channels mediate fast and slow glutamate release in astrocytes upon GPCR activation". Cell. 151 (1): 25–40. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.09.005. PMID 23021213.
  13. ↑ Yoon, Bo‐Eun; Woo, Junsung; Chun, Ye‐Eun; Chun, Heejung; Jo, Seonmi; Bae, Jin Young; An, Heeyoung; Min, Joo Ok; Oh, Soo‐Jin; Han, Kyung‐Seok; Kim, Hye Yun; Kim, Taekeun; Kim, Young Soo; Bae, Yong Chul; Lee, C. Justin (15 November 2014). "Glial GABA, synthesized by monoamine oxidase B, mediates tonic inhibition". The Journal of Physiology. 595 (22): 4951–4968. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2014.278754. PMC 4259537. PMID 25239459.
  14. ↑ Yoon, Bo-Eun; Jo, Seonmi; Woo, Junsung; Lee, Jae-Hoon; Kim, Taekeun; Kim, Daesoo; Lee, C. Justin (22 November 2011). "The amount of astrocytic GABA positively correlates with the degree of tonic inhibition in hippocampal CA1 and cerebellum". Molecular Brain. 4 (1): 42. doi:10.1186/1756-6606-4-42. PMC 3253681. PMID 22107761.
  15. ↑ Jo, Seonmi; Yarishkin, Oleg; Hwang, Yu Jin; Chun, Ye Eun; Park, Mijeong; Woo, Dong Ho; Bae, Jin Young; Kim, Taekeun; Lee, Jaekwang; Chun, Heejung; Park, Hyun Jung; Lee, Da Yong; Hong, Jinpyo; Kim, Hye Yun; Oh, Soo-Jin; Park, Seung Ju; Lee, Hyo; Yoon, Bo-Eun; Kim, YoungSoo; Jeong, Yong; Shim, Insop; Bae, Yong Chul; Cho, Jeiwon; Kowall, Neil W.; Ryu, Hoon; Hwang, Eunmi; Kim, Daesoo; Lee, C. Justin (29 June 2014). "GABA from reactive astrocytes impairs memory in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease". Nature Medicine. 20 (8): 886–896. doi:10.1038/nm.3639. PMC 8385452. PMID 24973918. S2CID 35640377.
  16. ↑ "Dr. LEE Changjoon Justin Appointed as Co-director of the Center for Cognition and Sociality". Institute for Basic Science. 20 November 2018. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  17. ↑ "Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Develops a New Drug for Alzheimer's Disease". PR Newswire Association LLC. 9 August 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  18. ↑ "Novel Alzheimer's Disease Candidate Developed by Megabiowood Pending for Clinical Trials at Post Year". Kobiz Media Co., Ltd. 23 June 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
  19. 1 2 송, 준영 (23 April 2017). "[과학·정보통신의 날]과학기술 유공자…나노·식품 등 각 분야서 9명 포장 수상". Etnews (in Korean). Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  20. 1 2 "[표] 2017년 과학·정보통신의 날 기념식 정부포상 수상자". 매일결제 (in Korean). 21 April 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  21. ↑ Rossi, David J.; Oshima, Takeo; Attwell, David (20 January 2000). "Glutamate release in severe brain ischaemia is mainly by reversed uptake". Nature. 403 (6767): 316–321. Bibcode:2000Natur.403..316R. doi:10.1038/35002090. PMID 10659851. S2CID 4388675. The release of glutamate during brain anoxia or ischaemia triggers the death of neurons, causing mental or physical handicap. The mechanism of glutamate release is controversial, however.
  22. 1 2 Woo, Dong Ho; Bae, Jin Young; Nam, Min-Ho; An, Heeyoung; Ju, Yeon Ha; Won, Joungha; Choi, Jae Hyouk; Hwang, Eun Mi; Han, Kyung-Seok; Bae, Yong Chul; Lee, C. Justin (27 September 2018). "Activation of astrocytic μ-opioid receptor elicits fast glutamate release through TREK-1-containing K2P channel in hippocampal astrocytes". Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. Frontiers. 12 (319): 319. doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00319. PMC 6170663. PMID 30319359.
  23. ↑ Oh, Soo-Jin; Han, Kyung-Seok; Park, Hyungju; Woo, Dong ho; Kim, Hye Yun; Traynelis, Stephen F.; Lee, C. Justin (12 October 2012). "Protease activated receptor 1-induced glutamate release in cultured astrocytes is mediated by Bestrophin-1 channel but not by vesicular exocytosis". Molecular Brain. 5 (1): 38. doi:10.1186/1756-6606-5-38. PMC 3539998. PMID 23062602.
  24. ↑ Park, Hyungju; Han, Kyung-Seok; Seo, Jinsoo; Lee, Jaekwang; Dravid, Shashank M.; Woo, Junsung; Chun, Heejung; Cho, Sukhee; Bae, Jin Young; An, Heeyoung; Koh, Woohyun; Yoon, Bo-Eun; Berlinguer-Palmini, Rolando; Mannaioni, Guido; Traynelis, Stephen F.; Bae, Yong Chul; Choi, Se-Young; Lee, C. Justin (December 2015). "Channel-mediated astrocytic glutamate modulates hippocampal synaptic plasticity by activating postsynaptic NMDA receptors". Molecular Brain. BioMed Central. 8 (1): 7. doi:10.1186/s13041-015-0097-y. PMC 4320468. PMID 25645137.
  25. ↑ Hwang, Eun Mi; Kim, Eunju; Yarishkin, Oleg; Woo, Dong Ho; Han, Kyung-Seok; Park, Nammi; Bae, Yeonju; Woo, Junsung; Kim, Donggyu; Park, Myeongki; Lee, C. Justin; Park, Jae-Yong (5 February 2014). "A disulphide-linked heterodimer of TWIK-1 and TREK-1 mediates passive conductance in astrocytes". Nature Communications. Nature Publishing Group. 5 (1): 3227. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.3227M. doi:10.1038/ncomms4227. PMID 24496152.
  26. 1 2 Han, Young-Eun; Kwon, Jea; Won, Joungha; An, Heeyoung; Jang, Minwoo Wendy; Woo, Junsung; Lee, Je Sun; Park, Min Gu; Yoon, Bo-Eun; Lee, Seung Eun; Hwang, Eun Mi; Jung, Jae-Young; Park, Hyungju; Oh, Soo-Jin; Lee, C. Justin (1 April 2019). "Tweety-homolog (Ttyh) family encodes the pore-forming subunits of the swelling-dependent volume-regulated anion channel (VRACswell) in the brain". Experimental Neurobiology. 28 (2): 183–215. doi:10.5607/en.2019.28.2.183. PMC 6526117. PMID 31138989.
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  30. ↑ Bronzuoli, Maria Rosanna; Iacomino, Aniello; Steardo, Luca; Scuderi, Caterina (3 November 2016). "Targeting neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease". J Inflamm Res. 9: 199–208. doi:10.2147/JIR.S86958. PMC 5098782. PMID 27843334.
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