Ceremonial Guard stand watch over Canada's national memorial, The Response, with the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the foreground.

Canadian war memorials are buildings, monuments, and statues that commemorate the armed actions in the territory encompassing modern Canada, the role of the Canadian military in conflicts and peacekeeping operations, and Canadians who died or were injured in a war. Much of this military history of Canada is commemorated today with memorials across the country and around the world. Canadian memorials commemorate the sacrifices made as early as the Seven Years' War to the modern day War on Terror. As Newfoundland was a British Dominion until joining Confederation in 1949, there are several monuments in Newfoundland and Labrador and abroad which were dedicated to Newfoundland servicemen and women.

There are currently 6,293 war memorials in Canada registered with the National Inventory of Military Memorials, which is under the Canadian Department of Veterans Affairs.[1] There are also war memorials across the world, some of which are operated by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, which are dedicated to Canada as well as the Commonwealth members. There currently are 17 in France, six in Belgium, four in the United Kingdom, two in Afghanistan and South Korea, and one each in Egypt, Hong Kong, Italy, Malta, the Netherlands, Singapore, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates.

There are few examples of memorial art created by Indigenous peoples before the late nineteenth century. One of the best-preserved memorials is in Áísínai’pi, or Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park, in southern Alberta. This UNESCO World Heritage Site houses an extensive series of small-scale petroglyphs incised on the sandstone bluffs of the Milk River, a number of them dating to thousands of years ago.[2]

War memorials in Canada

Colonial period

There exists a number of memorials commemorating events that occurred prior to Canadian Confederation in 1867. In addition to pre-Confederation war memorials, a number of communities in Ontario also have cannons originating from the Crimean War.[3][4][5] However, these cannons are war trophies gifted to various communities in Upper Canada after the conflict; and do not serve as a memorial. Prior to the twentieth century, Canadian memorials were dedicated to great leaders and victories, not the named deaths of ordinary service personnel.[2]

Memorial name Image Location Map Notes
Battle Hill Monument Southwest Middlesex, Ontario 42°59′52″N 79°10′30″W / 42.997895°N 79.174913°W / 42.997895; -79.174913 (Battle Hill Memorial) Commemorates the Battle of Longwoods, fought during the War of 1812.
Battle of Cook's Mill Monument Cooks Mill, Ontario 42°59′52″N 79°10′30″W / 42.997895°N 79.174913°W / 42.997895; -79.174913 (Cook's Mill Memorial) Commemorates the Battle of Cook's Mill, fought during the War of 1812.
Battle of Crysler's Farm Monument Morrisburg, Ontario 42°41′39″N 81°42′18″W / 42.69417°N 81.70500°W / 42.69417; -81.70500 (Crysler's Farm Memorial) Dedicated to those who fought and died in the victory at Crysler's Farm.
Battle of Eccles Hill Monument Frelighsburg, Quebec Commemorates the Battle of Eccles Hill, fought during the Fenian raids.
Battle of Lundy's Lane Monument Niagara Falls, Ontario Dedicated in 1895, the monument commemorates members of the British Army and Canadian militia during the Battle of Lundy's Lane.
Battle of Trois-Rivières Monument Trois-Rivières, Quebec Commemorates the British and Canadian soldiers who fought at the Battle of Trois-Rivières during the American Revolutionary War.
British Empire Loyalist Cairn Regina, Saskatchewan Dedicated to American settlers and the United Empire Loyalists who sided with the British during the American Revolutionary War.
Brock's Monument Queenston, Ontario 43°09′36.37″N 079°03′10.99″W / 43.1601028°N 79.0530528°W / 43.1601028; -79.0530528 (Brock's Monument) Dedicated to Major General Isaac Brock, one of Canada's heroes of the War of 1812.
Canadian Volunteer Monument Toronto, Ontario 43°39′45.55″N 079°23′36.01″W / 43.6626528°N 79.3933361°W / 43.6626528; -79.3933361 (Canadian Volunteer Monument) Honours University of Toronto student volunteers who fell during the Battle of Ridgeway Lime Ridge, or died of wounds received in action or from disease contracted in service while defending her frontier in June 1866.
Defence of York Monument Toronto, Ontario 43°38′34″N 079°23′01″W / 43.64278°N 79.38361°W / 43.64278; -79.38361 (Defence of York Monument) In memory of officers, non-commissioned officers and men who were killed or died of wounds defending York (present-day Toronto).
James Wolfe Monument Quebec City, Quebec 46°47′59.81″N 071°13′29.79″W / 46.7999472°N 71.2249417°W / 46.7999472; -71.2249417 (James Wolfe Monument) Dedicated to General James Wolfe, remembered chiefly for his victory over the French, and establishing British rule in Canada.
Liverpool Memorial Cairn Liverpool, Nova Scotia Highlights the role of privateers from the area during the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812.
Monument aux Braves Quebec City, Quebec Commemorates the Battle of Sainte-Foy, fought during the Seven Years' War.
Peace Arch Surrey, British Columbia 49°0′7.66″N

122°45′23.49″W

 Monument commemorates the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the War of 1812. Situated on the Canada–United States border, the Arch lies between the communities of Surrey, British Columbia, and Blaine Washington.
Royal Navy and Provincial Marine Memorial Kingston, Ontario Dedicated to the officers and seamen of the Royal Navy and the Provincial Marine who served in Lake Ontario during the War of 1812.
Stoney Creek Battlefield Memorial Hamilton, Ontario 43°12′59.9″N 079°45′59.4″W / 43.216639°N 79.766500°W / 43.216639; -79.766500 (Stoney Creek Battlefield Memorial) Commemorates the victory at the Battle of Stoney Creek, fought during the War of 1812.
Sebastopol Monument Halifax, Nova Scotia 44°38′36.67″N 063°34′20.93″W / 44.6435194°N 63.5724806°W / 44.6435194; -63.5724806 (Welsford-Parker Monument) Forth oldest war monument in Canada and the only Crimean War monument in North America.
United Empire Loyalist Memorial Tusket, Nova Scotia Dedicated to the United Empire Loyalists who settled the area during, or after the American Revolutionary War.
Wolfe and Montcalm Obelisk Quebec City, Quebec 46°48′40″N 071°12′19″W / 46.81111°N 71.20528°W / 46.81111; -71.20528 (Wolfe and Montcalm Obelisk) Oldest war monument in Canada. Commemorates Louis-Joseph de Montcalm and James Wolfe, the French and British commanders of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham.
War of 1812 Monument, Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario Monument commemorating diverse contributions to the defence of Canada during the War of 1812
War of 1812 Monument, Toronto Toronto, Ontario 43°38′12″N 079°24′00″W / 43.63667°N 79.40000°W / 43.63667; -79.40000 (Monument to the War of 1812) Commemorates the successful defence of British North America against American forces in the War of 1812[6]

North-West Rebellion and the Boer War

Memorial name Image Location Map Notes
Boer War Memorial Montreal, Quebec 45°29′58.63″N 073°34′15.44″W / 45.4996194°N 73.5709556°W / 45.4996194; -73.5709556 (Boer War Memorial (Montreal)) Sculpted by George W. Hill
Boer War Memorial Fountain Halifax, Nova Scotia Commemorate Canadian combatants during the Second Boer War. Located in the Halifax Public Gardens[7]
Boer War Monument Windsor, Ontario Unveiled in 1906, the memorial was originally situated next to a post office, and later moved to Jackson Park in 1932.[8]
Central Memorial Park Calgary, Alberta 51°02′28.48″N 114°04′16.00″W / 51.0412444°N 114.0711111°W / 51.0412444; -114.0711111 (Central Memorial Park) The park has a cenotaph, a statue of a First World War soldier and a statue of R.L. Boyle, which is dedicated to all Albertans who served during the Second Boer War.[9]
North-West Rebellion Monument Toronto, Ontario 43°39′42.10″N 079°23′24.23″W / 43.6616944°N 79.3900639°W / 43.6616944; -79.3900639 (North-West Rebellion Monument) Dedicated to those who served with the Canadian army during the North-West Rebellion.
South African War Memorial Halifax, Nova Scotia 44°38′53.86″N 063°34′24.65″W / 44.6482944°N 63.5735139°W / 44.6482944; -63.5735139 (South African War Memorial (Halifax)) Created by Hamilton MacCarthy
South African War Memorial London, Ontario Commemorates those from Middlesex County, Ontario who served during the Second Boer War. Unveiled in 1912 by the Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire; rededicated in 2000.
South African War Memorial Ottawa, Ontario 45°25′21.84″N 075°41′31.68″W / 45.4227333°N 75.6921333°W / 45.4227333; -75.6921333 (South African War Memorial and Animals at War) Located in Confederation Park it commemorates the Canadian participation in the Boer War.
South African War Memorial Quebec City, Quebec Sculpted by Hamilton MacCarthy.
South African War Memorial Toronto, Ontario 43°39′04.72″N 079°23′12.49″W / 43.6513111°N 79.3868028°W / 43.6513111; -79.3868028 (South African War Memorial (Toronto)) Commemorates the Canadian participation in the Boer War
Volunteers Monument Winnipeg, Manitoba Commemorates the members of the 90th Winnipeg Battalion of Rifles during the North-West Rebellion[10]

First and Second World Wars

The war memorial sculptors at work in Canada in the years following the First World War include: Emanuel Hahn, George W. Hill, Frank Norbury, Walter Allward, Hamilton MacCarthy, Coeur de Lion MacCarthy, Alfred Howell, Sydney March, Elizabeth Wyn Wood, Henri Hebert, J. Massey Rhind, Hubert Garnier, Nicholas Pirotton, Charles Adamson, Frances Loring, and Ivor Lewis.

Memorial name Image Location Map Notes
Albert Memorial Bridge Regina, Saskatchewan 50°26′10.2012″N 104°37′5.3544″W / 50.436167000°N 104.618154000°W / 50.436167000; -104.618154000 Honours Saskatchewan soldiers who died in World War I.
Animals in War Memorial / Les animaux en temps de guerre Ottawa, Ontario 45°25′21.84″N 075°41′31.68″W / 45.4227333°N 75.6921333°W / 45.4227333; -75.6921333 (Animals in War Memorial) A memorial by David Clendining to animals (mainly mules, horse, dogs, pigeons) that have served for Canada in military conflicts since World War I and is located in Confederation Park
Ashburnham Memorial Park Peterborough, Ontario 44°18′36″N 078°18′10″W / 44.31000°N 78.30278°W / 44.31000; -78.30278 (Ashburnham Memorial Park) Memorial to the men of Peterborough who died in the First World War.
Bronze Angel Montreal, Quebec;
Vancouver, British Columbia (pictured);
Winnipeg, Manitoba		 "Bronze Angel", by sculptor, Coeur Lion MacCarthy, war memorial depicts the angel of victory raising up a young soldier to heaven at the moment of his death, 1921 commemorates 1,115 Canadian Pacific Railway employees killed during the First World War erected at the Canadian Pacific Railway stations.[11]
Camp X Memorial Whitby Ontario 43°51′20.28″N 078°53′00.06″W / 43.8556333°N 78.8833500°W / 43.8556333; -78.8833500 (Camp X Memorial) Honours the men and women of Camp X who served during the Second World War.
CANLOAN Memorial Ottawa, Ontario Dedicated to Canadian military officers loaned to the British Army under the CANLOAN program during the Second World War.[12]
Coronation Park Memorial Toronto, Ontario Dedicated to those who served in the Second World War. Erected in 1995 as a part of the 50th anniversary commemorations of the Second World War.
Cremation Memorial Ottawa, Ontario 45°26′42″N 075°39′57″W / 45.44500°N 75.66583°W / 45.44500; -75.66583 (Cremation Memorial) A sheltered space in the National Cemetery of Canada that honours the memory of Canadian servicemen who died in Canada and the United States and who were cremated.[11]
Cross of Sacrifice Quebec City, Quebec 46°48′31.9″N 071°12′43.85″W / 46.808861°N 71.2121806°W / 46.808861; -71.2121806 (Cross of Sacrifice) Dedicated to those who died in the First World War, the Second World War, and the Korean War,
Great War Memorial Niagara Falls, Ontario 43°05′23.81″N 079°04′22.57″W / 43.0899472°N 79.0729361°W / 43.0899472; -79.0729361 (Great War Memorial) Memorial to those who died in the First and Second World Wars.
Halifax Memorial Halifax, Nova Scotia 44°37′08.76″N 063°33′55.93″W / 44.6191000°N 63.5655361°W / 44.6191000; -63.5655361 (Halifax Memorial) Dedicated to the Canadian servicemen and women who died at sea during both World Wars and includes the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Merchant Navy and the Canadian Army.
Harbord War Memorials Toronto, Ontario Located on the grounds of Harbord Collegiate Institute, a public secondary school, it includes two sculptures. The first sculpture was erected in 1921 and was dedicated to those who served in the First World War; and a second sculpture dedicated to those who served in the Second World War, completed in 2007.
Law Society of Upper Canada Great War Memorial Toronto, Ontario Dedicated to the 115 lawyers and law students of the Law Society of Upper Canada during the First World War. Located in the Great Library of Osgoode Hall.
Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion Memorial Victoria, British Columbia 48°25′14.20″N 123°22′16.66″W / 48.4206111°N 123.3712944°W / 48.4206111; -123.3712944 (Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion Memorial, Victoria) Dedicated to Canadian volunteers of the Mackenzie–Papineau Battalion during the Spanish Civil War.
Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion Memorial Ottawa, Ontario 45°26′24.61″N 075°41′47.05″W / 45.4401694°N 75.6964028°W / 45.4401694; -75.6964028 (Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion Memorial) Dedicated to Canadian volunteers of the Mackenzie–Papineau Battalion during the Spanish Civil War.
Malvern Memorial Toronto, Ontario Dedicated to the students of Malvern Collegiate Institute that served in the First World War. Malvern Collegiate Institute is a public secondary school.
Memorial Clock Tower Wainwright, Alberta 52°50′00.66″N 110°51′39.76″W / 52.8335167°N 110.8610444°W / 52.8335167; -110.8610444 (Memorial Clock Tower) Dedicated to the local men who fought and died in both World Wars.
Memorial Gates Saskatoon, Saskatchewan 52°07′45.43″N 106°38′34.05″W / 52.1292861°N 106.6427917°W / 52.1292861; -106.6427917 (Memorial Gates) Military memorial which is a part of the University of Saskatchewan.
Montreal Cenotaph Montreal, Quebec 45°29′55.03″N 073°34′07.75″W / 45.4986194°N 73.5688194°W / 45.4986194; -73.5688194 (Cenotaph, Montreal) Dedicated to Montrealers who died in the First World War.
Montreal Clock Tower Montreal, Quebec 45°30′44.44″N 073°32′44.84″W / 45.5123444°N 73.5457889°W / 45.5123444; -73.5457889 (Montreal Clock Tower) Dedicated to Canadian naval sailors who died during the First World War.
Monument des Braves Shawinigan, Quebec 46°32′22.38″N 072°45′12.85″W / 46.5395500°N 72.7535694°W / 46.5395500; -72.7535694 (Monument des Braves) Commemorates those who died in the First World War, and Second World War
National War Memorial St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador 47°34′03.28″N 052°42′13.67″W / 47.5675778°N 52.7037972°W / 47.5675778; -52.7037972 (National War Memorial) Memorial for soldiers who served with the Dominion of Newfoundland during the First World War.
Ottawa Memorial Ottawa, Ontario 45°26′27.08″N 075°41′45.90″W / 45.4408556°N 75.6960833°W / 45.4408556; -75.6960833 (Ottawa Memorial) Dedicated to missing airmen of the Second World War. Sometimes known as the Commonwealth Air Force Monument.
Peace through Valour Toronto, Ontario Dedicated to members of the Canadian Forces who served in the Italian campaign of the Second World War. The sculpture features a 3D-topographical map of Ortona, site of the Battle of Ortona. Located within the sculpture garden of Nathan Phillips Square.
Renfrew War Memorial Renfrew, Ontario 45°28′22.6848″N 76°41′5.6184″W / 45.472968000°N 76.684894000°W / 45.472968000; -76.684894000 Commemorated to residents of Renfrew who served in the First World War and Second World War.
Royal Canadian Naval Association Naval Memorial Burlington, Ontario Dedicated to members of the Royal Canadian Navy and the Canadian Merchant Navy.
Saint-Lambert Cenotaph by Emanuel Hahn Saint-Lambert, Quebec Dedicated to citizens of Saint-Lambert who fought in the First World War
Saskatoon Cenotaph Saskatoon, Saskatchewan 52°07′48.8″N 106°39′37.15″W / 52.130222°N 106.6603194°W / 52.130222; -106.6603194 (The Saskatoon Cenotaph) Designed by Francis Henry Portnall (1928), this tall granite plinth incorporating a public clock face is a part of the City Hall Square.[13] though it was originally located in the middle of the intersection of 21st Street and 2nd Avenue[14]
Sherbrooke War Memorial Sherbrooke, Quebec 45°24′02″N 071°53′29″W / 45.40056°N 71.89139°W / 45.40056; -71.89139 (Sherbrooke War Memorial) Dedicated to citizens of Sherbrooke who fought in the First World War
Soldiers' Tower Toronto, Ontario 43°39′48.78″N 079°23′42.52″W / 43.6635500°N 79.3951444°W / 43.6635500; -79.3951444 (Soldiers' Tower) Commemorates members of the University of Toronto who served in the World Wars.
Victory Square Vancouver, British Columbia 49°16′55.56″N 123°06′36.72″W / 49.2821000°N 123.1102000°W / 49.2821000; -123.1102000 (Victory Square) Dedicated to Vancouverites who served in the First World War.
Vimy Memorial Bandshell Saskatoon, Saskatchewan 52°07′28.24″N 106°39′33.42″W / 52.1245111°N 106.6592833°W / 52.1245111; -106.6592833 (Vimy Memorial Bandshell) The Vimy Memorial Bandshell in Kiwanis Park was built in 1937 to honour the men and women that served in the First World War at the Battle of Vimy Ridge.[15]
War Memorial of Montreal West Montreal, Quebec 45°28′21.00″N 073°36′49.32″W / 45.4725000°N 73.6137000°W / 45.4725000; -73.6137000 (War Memorial of Montreal West) Honours those from the town of Montreal West who died in the First World War[16]

1945 – present

Memorial name Image Location Map Notes
Afghanistan Repatriation Memorial Trenton, Ontario 25°01′37″N 055°22′15″E / 25.02694°N 55.37083°E / 25.02694; 55.37083 (Camp Mirage Memorial) Commemorates all the Canadian dead in Afghanistan. Originally located in Camp Mirage, United Arab Emirates.[17]
B.C. Afghanistan War Memorial Victoria, British Columbia Commemorates members of the Canadian Armed Forces and the Public Service of Canada who served during the War in Afghanistan. The memorial was dedicated in September 2017.[18]
Canada Company LAV III Monument Waterloo, Ontario 43°27′51.58″N 080°31′12.29″W / 43.4643278°N 80.5200806°W / 43.4643278; -80.5200806 (Canada Company LAV III Monument) Commemorates members of the Canadian Armed Forces who served during the War in Afghanistan.[19]
Korean War Memorial Wall Brampton, Ontario 43°38′30.58″N 079°44′57.01″W / 43.6418278°N 79.7491694°W / 43.6418278; -79.7491694 (Korean War Memorial Wall) Commemorates those Canadians who served in the Korean War.
Monument to the Canadian Fallen (Korean War Monument) Ottawa, Ontario Sculpted in 2002 by Young Mun Yoo.[20]
The North Wall Windsor, Ontario 42°18′37.36″N 083°04′11.06″W / 42.3103778°N 83.0697389°W / 42.3103778; -83.0697389 (The North Wall) Dedicated to Canadians who volunteered with the United States Armed Forces during the Vietnam War.
Vietnam Veterans Monument[21] Melocheville, Quebec 45°18′52″N 073°57′40″W / 45.31444°N 73.96111°W / 45.31444; -73.96111 (Vietnam Veterans Monument) Dedicated to Canadians who volunteered with the United States Armed Forces during the Vietnam War

Generic war memorials

Memorial name Image Location Map Notes
48th Highlanders Memorial Toronto, Ontario 43°39.00′057″N 79°23′34.76″W / 43.66583°N 79.3929889°W / 43.66583; -79.3929889 (48th Highlanders Memorial) Dedicated to those who served with the Canadian forces, erected by the 48th Highlanders of Canada.
Bruce Park Cenotaph Winnipeg, Manitoba 49°52′38.77″N 097°13′34.10″W / 49.8774361°N 97.2261389°W / 49.8774361; -97.2261389 (Bruce Park Cenotaph) Dedicated to the memory of those who died in the First World War, the Second World War, Korea, and to Canadian peacekeepers.
Calgary Soldiers' Memorial Calgary, Alberta 51°03′03″N 114°05′20″W / 51.05083°N 114.08889°W / 51.05083; -114.08889 (Calgary Soldiers' Memorial) Dedicated to Calgarian soldiers who have given their lives in war and military service overseas.
East and West Memorial Buildings Ottawa, Ontario 45°25′10″N 75°42′21″W / 45.419517°N 75.70573°W / 45.419517; -75.70573 (East and West Memorial Building) Dedicated to all Canadians who served in war. The building houses the Department of Veteran Affairs.
Flesherton Cenotaph Flesherton, Ontario 44°15′46.7″N 080°33′05.5″W / 44.262972°N 80.551528°W / 44.262972; -80.551528 (Cenotaph, Flesherton, Ontario) Honouring the local men who enlisted for the First and Second World Wars and did not return.
Garden of the Unforgotten Oshawa, Ontario 43°53′39.66″N 078°51′46.07″W / 43.8943500°N 78.8627972°W / 43.8943500; -78.8627972 (Oshawa War Memorial) Dedicated to the servicemen of Oshawa who lost their lives during the First World War, Second World War and the Korean War
Monument aux braves de N.D.G. Montreal, Quebec 45°28′20.89″N 073°36′49.44″W / 45.4724694°N 73.6137333°W / 45.4724694; -73.6137333 (Monument aux braves de N.D.G.) Commemorates the combatants who died during the First and Second World Wars and the Korean War.
National Aboriginal Veterans Monument Ottawa, Ontario 45°25′18.04″N 075°41′34.66″W / 45.4216778°N 75.6929611°W / 45.4216778; -75.6929611 (National Aboriginal Veterans Monument) Commemorates the Aboriginal peoples (First Nations, Inuit and Métis) who served with the Canadian forces during armed conflicts.
National Artillery Monument Ottawa, Ontario Dedicated to those killed while serving in the Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery. A 25-pounder gun used by the regiment during the Second World War is situated next to the marble memorial.[22]
Next of Kin Memorial Avenue Saskatoon, Saskatchewan 52°08′49.36″N 106°39′29.27″W / 52.1470444°N 106.6581306°W / 52.1470444; -106.6581306 (Next of Kin Memorial Avenue) Memorial for the First World War and ensuing wars.
Old City Hall Cenotaph Toronto, Ontario 43°39′07.70″N 079°22′54.21″W / 43.6521389°N 79.3817250°W / 43.6521389; -79.3817250 (Old City Hall Cenotaph) Dedicated to Torontonians who lost their lives during the First World War, Second World War and the Korean War.
Ontario Veterans Memorial Toronto, Ontario 43°39′40.63″N 079°23′28.04″W / 43.6612861°N 79.3911222°W / 43.6612861; -79.3911222 (Ontario Veterans Memorial) Dedicated to the Canadian military who served from the Fenian raids to the Campaign Against Terror.[23]
Memorial Chamber Ottawa, Ontario 45°25′29.64″N 075°41′59.64″W / 45.4249000°N 75.6999000°W / 45.4249000; -75.6999000 (Memorial Chamber) Located in the Peace Tower, it holds all eight volumes of the Books of Remembrance, recording every Canadian killed in service, from Canada's first overseas campaign, the Nile Expedition, to the present. The eighth book was added to the Memorial Chamber in 2019, commemorating some 1,600 Canadians and First Nation Crown allies who died in service during the War of 1812.
Peacekeeping Monument Ottawa, Ontario 45°25′43.58″N 075°41′47.49″W / 45.4287722°N 75.6965250°W / 45.4287722; -75.6965250 (Peacekeeping Monument) Commemorates Canadian soldiers who served, or are currently serving in United Nations peacekeeping missions.
Per ardua ad astra Toronto, Ontario 43°39′16.56″N 079°23′17.6″W / 43.6546000°N 79.388222°W / 43.6546000; -79.388222 (Per ardua ad astra) Dedicated to Canadian airmen who fought.
Saskatchewan War Memorial Regina, Saskatchewan 50°25′58.7568″N 104°37′2.6688″W / 50.432988000°N 104.617408000°W / 50.432988000; -104.617408000 Honours those who died in WWI, WWII, Korean War, military training, peacetime operations, nurses who served, including a plaque honouring Saskatchewan War Brides who married Canadian service men.
Scarborough War Memorial Toronto, Ontario 43°42′08.98″N 079°15′14.03″W / 43.7024944°N 79.2538972°W / 43.7024944; -79.2538972 (Scarborough War Memorial) Commemorating the soldiers from Scarborough who died in World War I, World War II and Korean War.
Regina Cenotaph Regina, Saskatchewan 50°26′52.88″N 104°36′44.18″W / 50.4480222°N 104.6122722°W / 50.4480222; -104.6122722 (Cenotaph, Regina) Honour those Regina citizens who served in the First, the Second and the Korean Wars.
The Response – Canadian National War Memorial Ottawa, Ontario 45°25′26.53″N 075°41′43.79″W / 45.4240361°N 75.6954972°W / 45.4240361; -75.6954972 ('The Response' – the Canadian National War Memorial) Commemorates the Canadian participation and its soldiers fallen in armed conflict.
Royal Canadian Navy Monument Ottawa, Ontario 45°25′14.99″N 075°42′37.45″W / 45.4208306°N 75.7104028°W / 45.4208306; -75.7104028 (Royal Canadian Navy Monument) Commemorates the men and women who have served or are serving with the Royal Canadian Navy.
Shaunavon War Memorial Shaunavon, Saskatchewan 49°38′52.12″N 108°24′23.34″W / 49.6478111°N 108.4064833°W / 49.6478111; -108.4064833 (Shaunavon War Memorial) Designed by Francis Henry Portnall (1926) to honour those citizens who served in the War[24]
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier Ottawa, Ontario 45°25′26.53″N 075°41′43.79″W / 45.4240361°N 75.6954972°W / 45.4240361; -75.6954972 (Tomb of the Unknown Soldier) Dedicated to all the unidentified Canadian soldiers and is part of the National War Memorial.
Trenton Cenotaph Trenton, Ontario 44°06′01.44″N 077°34′31.44″W / 44.1004000°N 77.5754000°W / 44.1004000; -77.5754000 (Trenton Cenotaph) Dedicated to all Canadians fallen in conflict
Valiants Memorial Ottawa, Ontario 45°25′27.92″N 075°41′42.67″W / 45.4244222°N 75.6951861°W / 45.4244222; -75.6951861 (Valiants Memorial) Commemorating fourteen signal figures from the military history of the country, from French colonial rule, to the Second World War.
London Cenotaph London, Ontario 42°59′15.66″N 081°14′48.54″W / 42.9876833°N 81.2468167°W / 42.9876833; -81.2468167 (London Cenotaph) Commemorates the local soldiers who died during the First, the Second and the Korean Wars.
Thunder Bay Cenotaph Thunder Bay, Ontario 48°26′15.9″N 089°13′34.88″W / 48.437750°N 89.2263556°W / 48.437750; -89.2263556 (Port Arthur Cenotaph) Commemorates the local soldiers who died during the First, the Second and the Korean Wars.
Welland-Crowland War Memorial Welland, Ontario 42°59′51″N 079°15′31″W / 42.99750°N 79.25861°W / 42.99750; -79.25861 (Welland-Crowland War Memorial) Designed by Elizabeth Wyn Wood, commemorates not only the war dead but also those who served at home.

War memorials overseas

Memorial name Image Location Map Notes
Canada Memorial Green Park, London, England 51°30′10.36″N 000°08′33.48″W / 51.5028778°N 0.1426333°W / 51.5028778; -0.1426333 (Canada Memorial) Pays tribute to the nearly one million Canadian men and women who served in the United Kingdom during the First and Second World Wars.

First World War

Memorial name Image Location Map Notes
Beaumont-Hamel Newfoundland Memorial Beaumont-Hamel, Somme, France 50°04′24.80″N 002°38′53.09″E / 50.0735556°N 2.6480806°E / 50.0735556; 2.6480806 (Beaumont-Hamel Newfoundland Memorial) Commemorating the Royal Newfoundland Regiment's participation in the Battle of the Somme.
Bourlon Wood Memorial Bourlon, France 50°10′24.51″N 003°07′09.14″E / 50.1734750°N 3.1192056°E / 50.1734750; 3.1192056 (Bourlon Wood Memorial) Commemorating the Canadian participation from the Battle of Canal du Nord until the Armistice of 11 November 1918.
Canadian National Vimy Memorial Givenchy-en-Gohelle, France 50°22′46.55″N 002°46′26.36″E / 50.3795972°N 2.7739889°E / 50.3795972; 2.7739889 (Canadian National Vimy Memorial) Canadian Expeditionary Force members killed during the First World War and Canadian soldiers killed or presumed dead in France who have no known grave. The memorial was designed by Walter Seymour Allward, and is located on the site of the Easter 1917 Battle of Vimy Ridge.[2]
Courcelette Memorial Courcelette, France 50°03′15.12″N 002°45′05.19″E / 50.0542000°N 2.7514417°E / 50.0542000; 2.7514417 (Courcelette Memorial) Commemorating the Canadian participation in the Battle of the Somme.
Courtrai Newfoundland Memorial Courtrai, Belgium 50°50′19.47″N 003°17′06.69″E / 50.8387417°N 3.2851917°E / 50.8387417; 3.2851917 (Courtrai Newfoundland Memorial) Commemorating the actions of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment during the Battle of Courtrai.
Dury Memorial Dury, France 50°14′02.90″N 002°59′50.12″E / 50.2341389°N 2.9972556°E / 50.2341389; 2.9972556 (Dury Memorial) Commemorating the breaking of the Drocourt-Quéant Line.
Gallipoli Newfoundland Memorial Suvla Bay, Gallipoli, Turkey 40°18′45.5″N 26°15′07.6″E / 40.312639°N 26.252111°E / 40.312639; 26.252111 (Gallipoli Newfoundland Memorial) Commemorating the Royal Newfoundland Regiment's participation in the Gallipoli campaign.
Gueudecourt Memorial Gueudecourt, France 50°03′54.31″N 002°51′13.24″E / 50.0650861°N 2.8536778°E / 50.0650861; 2.8536778 (Gueudecourt Memorial) Dedicated to the Newfoundlanders who fought during the Battle of Le Transloy.
Hill 62 (Sanctuary Wood) Memorial Zonnebeke, Belgium 50°50′03.79″N 002°56′50.08″E / 50.8343861°N 2.9472444°E / 50.8343861; 2.9472444 (Hill 62 Memorial) Commemorating the defence of the Ypres Salient.
Le Quesnel Memorial Le Quesnel, France 49°46′29.96″N 002°36′33.85″E / 49.7749889°N 2.6094028°E / 49.7749889; 2.6094028 (Le Quesnel Memorial) Commemorating the Canadian participation in the Battle of Amiens.
Masnières Newfoundland Memorial Masnières, France 50°07′24.4″N 003°12′42.2″E / 50.123444°N 3.211722°E / 50.123444; 3.211722 (Masnières Newfoundland Memorial) Commemorates the actions of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment during the First Battle of Cambrai, of World War I.
Menin Gate Ypres, Belgium 50°51′07.41″N 002°53′28.55″E / 50.8520583°N 2.8912639°E / 50.8520583; 2.8912639 (Menin Gate) Commemorating the defenders that died in the Ypres Salient and whose graves are unknown.
Monchy-le-Preux Memorial Monchy-le-Preux, France 50°16′14.17″N 002°53′35.95″E / 50.2706028°N 2.8933194°E / 50.2706028; 2.8933194 (Monchy-le-Preux Memorial) Commemorates the Royal Newfoundland's participation during the Battle of Arras.
Passchendaele Memorial Passendale, Belgium 50°53′51.89″N 003°00′47.63″E / 50.8977472°N 3.0132306°E / 50.8977472; 3.0132306 (Passchendaele Memorial) the Canadian participation in the Second Battle of Passchendaele.
Saint Julien Memorial Ypres, Belgium 50°53′58.65″N 002°56′26.41″E / 50.8996250°N 2.9406694°E / 50.8996250; 2.9406694 (Saint Julien Memorial) Commemorating the Canadian participation in the Second Battle of Ypres.
Portuguese Fireplace Lyndhurst, Hampshire, England 50°52′08.36″N 001°37′26.81″W / 50.8689889°N 1.6241139°W / 50.8689889; -1.6241139 (Portuguese Fireplace) Also known as the Canadian Fireplace it commemorates the Canadian Forestry Corps and lumbermen who worked with the Portuguese

Second World War – present

Memorial name Image Location Map Notes
Gapyeong Canada Monument Gapyeong County, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea 37°52′36.71″N 127°31′48.79″E / 37.8768639°N 127.5302194°E / 37.8768639; 127.5302194 (Gapyeong Canada Monument) Dedicated to the sacrifices made by the Canadian forces during the Korean war, especially at the Battle of Kapyong.
Kandahar Airfield Memorial and Memorial Inuksuk Kandahar, Afghanistan 31°30′21″N 065°50′52″E / 31.50583°N 65.84778°E / 31.50583; 65.84778 (Kandahar Airfield & Inuksuk Memorial) The Airfield Memorial is dedicated to Canadians who have fallen in the War in Afghanistan and the Inuksuk to those Canadians, as well as other coalition members who were killed in fighting in Afghanistan.
Malta Memorial Floriana, Malta 35°53′40.57″N 014°30′28.27″E / 35.8946028°N 14.5078528°E / 35.8946028; 14.5078528 (Malta Memorial) Dedicated to Commonwealth aircrew (including Canadians) who fought, and lost their lives, in the Mediterranean during the Second World War.
Monument to Canadian Fallen (Korean War Monument) United Nations Memorial Cemetery
Busan, South Korea		 35°07′41″N 129°05′49″E / 35.12806°N 129.09694°E / 35.12806; 129.09694 (United Nations Memorial Cemetery) Located where 378 Canadians are buried. An identical monument is in downtown Ottawa.[25]
National Canadian Liberation Monument Apeldoorn, Netherlands Celebrating the liberation of the Netherlands by Canadians, featuring the sculpture Man with Two Hats, identical to one in Ottawa.

Legacy

The 31 paintings of Canadian War Memorials by F.A. (Tex) Dawson were unveiled just outside Currie Hall in the Mackenzie Building at Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston on Wednesday 7 April 2010. Jack Pike, the chairman of the Royal Military College of Canada Museum's board of directors, said they had found a permanent and appropriate home. "We are delighted to have these paintings," he said in front of the assemblage of paintings, each representing a different memorial in a different setting and different seasons. "These are symbolic of sacrifice and remembrance and they do the whole thing so well."[26]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "DHH – Search for a Memorial". veterans.gc.ca. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 Brandon, Laura (2021). "Memorials and tributes - War Art in Canada: A Critical History". Art Canada Institute.
  3. ↑ "Crimean War Cannon". citywindsor.ca. City of Windsor. 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  4. ↑ "Explained: How a Russian cannon found its way to Queen's Square". Cambridge Times. Metroland Media Group. 17 May 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  5. ↑ "Explore Queen's Park". ola.org. Ontario Legislative Assembly. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  6. ↑ Rob Roberts (3 November 2008). "Coupland's War of 1812 monument tweaks U.S. noses". The National Post. National Post Inc. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
  7. ↑ "Boer War Memorial & Province House". hmhps.ca. Halifax Military Heritage Preservation Society. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  8. ↑ "Boer War Monument". citywindsor.ca. City of Windsor. 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  9. ↑ "Central Memorial Park". Archived from the original on 19 February 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
  10. ↑ Kavanagh, Sean (14 January 2020). "City of Winnipeg moves forward on policy for changing potentially offensive names of monuments, places". CBC News. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  11. 1 2 Jacqueline Hucker. "Monuments of the First and Second World Wars". Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  12. ↑ "CANLOAN Monument". canada.ca. Government of Canada. 2 October 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  13. ↑ The Saskatoon Cenotaph Archived 12 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ↑ "Do You Know Why the Saskatoon Cenotaph Was Moved". Sasknow.ca. 8 November 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  15. ↑ Vimy Memorial, Kiwanis Park, Saskatoon Sask.
  16. ↑ War Memorial of Montréal West
  17. ↑ Camp Mirage Memorial
  18. ↑ "More than 1,000 attend dedication of B.C. Afghanistan Memorial". Times Colonist. Glacier Media. 30 September 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  19. ↑ "Canada Company LAV III Monument". Veteran Affairs Canada. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  20. ↑ "Monument to Canadian Fallen (Korean War Monument)". canada.ca. Government of Canada. 2 October 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  21. ↑ "Our Monument".
  22. ↑ "National Artillery Monument". canada.ca. Government of Canada. 2 October 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  23. ↑ Canadian Veterans And Peacekeepers Permanently Honoured On The Grounds Of Queen's Park
  24. ↑ Memorial Park and Cenotaph 390 1st Street East
  25. ↑ "Monument to Canadian Fallen (Korean War Monument)". Public Art and Monuments. Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada. 25 October 2013.
  26. ↑ "31 paintings of Canadian War Memorials by F.A. (Tex) Dawson". Kingstonwhigstandard.com. Retrieved 16 March 2011.

Further reading

  • Brandon, Laura (2021). War Art in Canada: A Critical History. Art Canada Institute. ISBN 9781487102722.
  • Longworth, Philip (1967). The Unending Vigil: a History of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, 1917-1967. Constable.
  • Shipley, Robert (1987). To Mark Our Place: A History of Canadian War Memorials. NC Press. ISBN 9781550210149.
  • Wood, Herbert Fairlie; Swettenham, John (1974). Silent Witness. Hakket.
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