Byttering (also Bytering, Bytteryng, or Biteryng; fl. c. 1400–1420) was an English composer during the stylistic transitional from medieval to Renaissance music. Five of his compositions have survived in the Old Hall Manuscript, where the musicologist Peter Wright contends they "form a small yet distinctive corpus of work notable for its technical ambition and musical accomplishment".[1]
Identity and career
Extremely little is known of Byttering, whose name is variously spelled as Bytering, Bytteryng, and Biteryng. The musicologist Margaret Bent has suggested he was Thomas Byteryng, though his identity remains uncertain. Byteryng was a canon at Hastings Castle between 1405 and 1408, and was a rector somewhere in London in 1414.[2]
There is no information on the composer in the Old Hall Manuscript other than that his surname is attached to several pieces. Those pieces stand out from many of the works in the manuscript by their relatively advanced stylistic traits.[2]
Music
Byttering's surviving music includes five compositions: three mass sections—two Glorias and a Credo—a motet and an antiphon.[1] The latter, Nesciens Mater, is "famous for its remarkable camouflaging of the plainsong by means of transposition and migration".[1] His motet is a substantial three-voice isorhythmic piece and his best known work, En Katerine solennia/Virginalis contio/Sponsus amat sponsum; it was almost certainly written for the wedding, on 2 June 1420, of King Henry V and Catherine of Valois.[2]
The four-voice Gloria, No. 18 in the Old Hall MS, is one of the most complex canons of the early 15th century, and represents what was probably the extreme of stylistic differentiation between English and continental practice. Canons in continental sources are extremely rare, but there are seven in the Old Hall MS, and Byttering's is the only one with the standard arrangement of the same tune in all four voices.[2][3]
Works
| Title | No. of voices | Genre | Manuscript source | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Credo | 3 | Mass movement | OH No. 79 | ||
| Gloria | 3 | Mass movement | OH No. 17 | ||
| Gloria | 4 | Mass movement | OH No. 18 | ||
| Nesciens mater | 3 | Antiphon | OH No. 50 | ||
| En Katerine solennia/Virginalis contio/Sponsus amat sponsum | 3 | Motet | OH No. 145 | ||
| No other works by Byttering survive | |||||
Editions
- Hughes, Andrew; Bent, Margaret, eds. (1969–1973). The Old Hall Manuscript. Corpus mensurabilis musicae 53. Cambridge: American Institute of Musicology. OCLC 80858118.
- Ramsbotham, Alexander, ed. (1933–1938). The Old Hall Manuscript. Vol. 3 volumes. Completed by H.B. Collins and Dom Anselm Hughes. Buckinghamshire: Plainsong and Medieval Music Society.
References
Citations
Sources
- Bent, Margaret (2001). "Byttering". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.04493. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- Harrison, Frank (1967). "Ars Nova in England: A New Source". Musica Disciplina. 21: 67–85. JSTOR 20532019.
- Hoppin, Richard (1978). Medieval Music. The Norton Introduction to Music History (1st ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-09090-1.
- Strohm, Reinhard (2005). The Rise of European Music, 1380-1500. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-61934-9.
- Wright, Peter (2011). "A Gloria Newly Attributed to Byttering". In Fitch, Fabrice; Kiel, Jacobijn (eds.). Essays on Renaissance Music in Honour of David Fallows. Suffolk: Boydell Press. pp. 170–179. ISBN 978-1-84383-619-3.
External links
- List of compositions by Byttering at the Digital Image Archive of Medieval Music
- Works by Byttering in the Medieval Music Database from La Trobe University