William "Bill" Lowell Howell (September 12, 1942 – July 25, 1975) was a graphic designer, painter, illustrator, set designer and photographer. He was an early member of the Weusi Artist Collective, a group of artists who helped birth the Black Arts Movement in the 1960s. He was art director for The New Lafayette Theatre in New York and its Black Theater magazine. He co-founded the Pamoja Studio Gallery in New York in 1967.

Early life and education

Howell was born Sept. 12, 1942, in Jefferson City, TN.[1] He moved with his family to Wilmington, DE, when he was in high school. He attended the Philadelphia College of Art[2][3] (now University of the Arts) from 1960 to 1962.[2]

Art career

In 1961, Howell worked his first graphics job at Lyons Advertising Studio in Wilmington.[4] A commercial artist, he was art director at J.M. Fields Co. Inc. department store.[1][5][6]

Howell moved to New York around 1965 or 1966.[1][3][6] He and artists Ademola Olugebefola and Abdullah Aziz formed Arts Seven while living at the Amsterdam Houses near the Lincoln Center.[7] They later moved to Harlem where they joined the Twentieth Century Creators, a group formed in 1964 by artists from New York and surrounding areas.[8][9] The same year, the group organized the first Harlem Outdoor Art Festival.[8][10][11] The group disbanded after members differed on its philosophy and direction.[12]

Weusi Artist Collective

In 1965, several artists formed Weusi, which means “black” in Swahili.[8] The group ascribed to the idea of Black art for Black people and Black power, aligning themselves with artists who were focusing on their own Black culture and African heritage.[13] The group formed at a time when very few museums hosted exhibits by Black artists.[14] Howell was one of the early members of Weusi. The Weusi artists primarily produced black and white prints that could be readily distributed and sold.[12] Howell participated in Weusi’s community shows in the 1960s and 1970s, as well as exhibits at Weusi’s own gallery, the Weusi Nyumba Ya Sanaa Art Gallery.[8][15] Howell exhibited with other Weusi artists at their “Resurrection” exhibition, which was held at the Studio Museum in Harlem in 1970. This was the group's first exhibition at a major museum.[16][17]

In 1967, Howell founded Pamoja Studio Gallery with Bob Davis and Ollie Johnson.[18] The gallery was located in Greenwich Village in New York, eliciting a mention in Jet magazine that described them as “soul” owners. It was formed in the “spirit of Weusi and we looked at it as our downtown branch,” stated Olugebefola.[19] Weusi had opened its own gallery the same year, Nyumba Ya Sanaa Gallery, in Harlem.[16]

Howell designed the poster for Pamoja, the face of a Black woman in a large afro.[20]

Graphic design

Howell’s work as a painter and graphic designer were intertwined. As art director of The New Lafayette Theatre, he designed programs, posters and sets.[21] His drawings were interspersed throughout Black Theater magazine. He also designed posters and catalogs for some of the exhibits in which he participated. He worked at the Philadelphia Museum of Art[22] as director of “Mind’s Eye,”[6] a children’s art program with a mobile unit and exhibition.[23]

Howell was a “brilliant graphic designer,” said Olugebefola, one of Weusi founders. “He helped produce some of the most phenomenal posters. That was one of the exemplary things that the New Lafayette did. We produced six Black theater magazines over the years; I was directly involved with three; Bill Howell was involved with at least two of those before he passed away. … Bill designed (the New Lafayette) posters To Raise the Dead and to Foretell the Future, Goin’ a Buffalo, The Devil Catchers, A Ritual to Bind Together and Strengthen Black People so that They Can Survive the Long Struggle that Is to Come – and others, all wonderful designs.”

In the 1960s, Howell was one of a handful of black graphic designers in the country. PRINT magazine wrote an article about the scarcity and Howell was quoted extensively. In the article, Howell stated that he was hired for his first graphics job with the assistance of the NAACP. It was an apprentice job that allowed him to learn about advertising design and gain exposure to the industry. The article noted that Howell and other Black designers had begun to focus on their ethnic heritage in their works.[24]

Solo and group shows

Howell was a painter, illustrator, set designer and photographer.[25] He exhibited widely in New York and other cities on the East Coast.[3] While living in New York in 1968, he returned to Wilmington to hold a benefit art show for youths.[26] He returned in 1973 for a solo show at the Gallery at Centerville.[3] 

He participated in the exhibit “New Black Artists” in October 1969 at the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences Museum (Brooklyn Museum of Art) and then at Columbia University a month later.[27] He designed the poster for the university show.[28] In 1970, Howell was part of major exhibit of Black artists titled “Afro-American Artists New York and Boston” at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts.[29]

Howell was among the artists featured in an exhibit of graphics and films by Black men and women in New York at the Studio Museum in Harlem in 1970.[30] Organizers said it was aimed at showing the creativity of African Americans in advertising and publishing agencies.

In 1971 he was among 60 artists from across the country in an exhibit of paintings, drawings, sculptures and graphics sponsored by Illinois Bell in Chicago.[31][32] The exhibit traveled to seven cities in Illinois, Indiana and Iowa. [31]

Also in 1971, he was one of the "prominent" artists whose works were shown at the National Center of Afro-American Artists in Boston in an exhibit called “TCB,” or taking care of business. A reviewer for the Boston Globe described the artwork of Howell and seven other Black artists as “raging … pointing up how it feels to be black in the US today. Some of the paintings are angry indeed. Yet anguish, compassion and a pride in being black mitigates the fury.” The reviewer noted that the average age of the artists was 30 and the works exemplified social protest.[33]

In 1975, he participated in the exhibit “Spirits of Forgotten Ancestors” in March 1975 at the Walnut Street Theatre.[34] The multimedia show featured five contemporary artists with Africa as the inspiration. Howell contributed four paintings from his “Nuba” series, inspired by Africa’s Nuba people. The exhibit was sponsored by the Philadelphia Museum of Art.[35] Howell designed the poster and program for the show.[36]  

Howell showed off his creativity with photography in a 1972 show titled “The Expanded Photograph,” whose catalog and poster he designed.[37] The exhibit was sponsored by the Philadelphia Museum of Art and the Philadelphia Civic Center Museum.[38] He also created posters for the Philadelphia Museum of Art's Inner-City Cultural Arts Festival in 1974.[39]

He was among five artists in an exhibit “Five Phases” at the Delaware Art Museum in 1972 that highlighted Philadelphia artists. The show had previously been shown at the Studio Museum in Harlem and the Ile-Ife Museum of Afro-American Life and Culture in Philadelphia.[40]

Befitting the aim of Weusi to bring art into the community, Howell participated in showings and sales at private homes, including a garden party by the Links social club in 1975[41] and another in a private home in Brooklyn's Bedford Stuyvesant in 1972.[42] A newspaper article from 1970 noted that he had received an award a year earlier at the Brooklyn Museum’s Fence Art Show – where artwork was displayed on a fence around the parking lot - sponsored by the museum.[43]

Howell designed the program for a Weusi exhibit at the Opportunities Industrialization Center offices in New York in 1971.[44]

Collections

Some of Howell’s personal papers, catalogs, photographs, documents and other materials are in the collection of Emory University’s Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library in Atlanta.[1] He is represented in many private collections.[3]

Exhibitions

Death

Howell died of diabetes in 1975 at the age of 32 in New York.[5] Divorced, he was the father of two children. That December, he received a posthumous award from Benin Enterprises during its Fourth Annual International Awards Presentation.[52]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Bill Howell Collection, circa 1945-1975". Emory University Library. Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library. 29 February 2012. Archived from the original on 2015-10-01. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Cederholm, Theresa Dickason; Boston Public Library (1973). Afro-American artists; a bio-bibliographical directory. Boston Public Library. [Boston] : Trustees of the Boston Public Library. ISBN 978-0-89073-007-2.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Howell Exhibit". Morning News (Wilmington). via newspapers.com. 1973-11-02. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  4. ↑ Swann, Sammy (21 February 1961). "Del. Spotlight: A F1GHTER". Philadelphia Tribune. p. 8. ProQuest 532231904.
  5. 1 2 "William L. Howell (obituary)". New York Times. 1975-08-01. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  6. 1 2 3 "William L. Howell". News Journal (Wilmington). via newspapers.com. 1975-07-29. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  7. ↑ Frye, Daniel J. (2001). African American Visual Artists: An Annotated Bibliography of Educational Resource Materials. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810837225. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Williams, Lloyd A.; Rivers, Voza (Eds.) (2006). Forever Harlem: Celebrating America's Most Diverse Community. Sports Publishing LLC.
  9. ↑ "Outdoor Art Festival In Progress". New York Amsterdam News. 13 August 1975. p. D13. ProQuest 226575092.
  10. ↑ "Bed-Stuy art gallery to show Weusi artists". New York Amsterdam News. 22 April 1972. p. C5. ProQuest 226564537.
  11. ↑ "Art Exhibit On 7th Avenue". New York Amsterdam News. 8 August 1964. p. 16. ProQuest 226774825.
  12. 1 2 Wadsworth, Jarrell (2020). Africobra: Experimental Art Toward a School of Thought. Duke University Press.
  13. ↑ "Oral History Project: Dindga McCannon". Bomb Magazine. 2020-08-03. Archived from the original on 2020-08-30. Retrieved 2021-12-08.
  14. ↑ "Mounting Frustration: The Art Museum in the Age of Black Power". Harlem World Magazine. 2016-07-06. Retrieved 2021-12-12.
  15. 1 2 Tapley, Mel (2 November 1974). "About The Arts". New York Amsterdam News. p. D4. ProQuest 226775835.
  16. 1 2 "Harlem Artists On Exhibit". New York Amsterdam News. 14 November 1970. p. 14. ProQuest 226526141.
  17. ↑ "Cooperative Artist' Exhibit Of 'Resurrection' Remains". New York Amsterdam News. 13 February 1971. p. 39. ProQuest 226683265.
  18. ↑ "New York Beat (column)". Jet magazine. 1967-10-12. Retrieved 2021-12-12.
  19. ↑ Nesmith, Nathaniel G. (2021). "Doing It His Way: Ademola Olugebefola's Long and Varied Career in the Arts". New England Review. Archived from the original on 2021-11-04. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  20. ↑ Hardwig, Florian (2020-08-23). "Pamoja Gallery Poster". Fonts In Use. Archived from the original on 2020-10-15. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
  21. ↑ Jonathan, Takiff (1975-03-19). "Marie's Message is Bullins' Talent". Philadelphia Daily News. via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2021-12-12.
  22. 1 2 The Expanded Photograph. Philadelphia Civic Center Museum. 1972.
  23. ↑ "Mobil Unit Tours City Bringing Art Works to Children". Philadelphia Tribune. 25 July 1970. p. 7. ProQuest 532597622.
  24. ↑ Jackson, Dorothy (2016-06-27). "The Black Experience in Graphic Design (reprint of 1968 article)". PRINT. Archived from the original on 2021-12-12. Retrieved 2021-12-12.
  25. 1 2 Tapley, Mel (26 October 1974). "About The Arts". New York Amsterdam News. p. D16. ProQuest 226378343.
  26. ↑ "State Police Enlistment Effort Urged". Philadelphia Tribune. 19 March 1968. p. 16. ProQuest 532435354.
  27. 1 2 3 New Black Artists. 1969. OCLC 83005284.
  28. ↑ Howell, Bill (1969). New Black Artists (poster). Columbia University.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  29. 1 2 Afro-American Artists New York and Boston. 1970. OCLC 109437.
  30. ↑ "Dick Gregory Refused Visa". Afro-American. 12 September 1970. p. 18. ProQuest 532401274.
  31. 1 2 3 "Black American Artists '71 show here". Chicago Daily Defender. 30 January 1971. p. 36. ProQuest 493560099.
  32. ↑ Black American Artists/71. 1971. OCLC 81313014.
  33. ↑ Driscoll, Edgar Jr. (1971-04-28). "Art Show Reflects Black Rage, Pride". Boston Globe. via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  34. 1 2 3 Neipold, Mary Martin (1975-03-21). "Africa, the Old West Come to life". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  35. ↑ "Art (column)". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. 1975-05-02. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  36. ↑ Howell, Bill (1975). Spirits of Forgotten Ancestors (poster). Walnut Street Theater.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  37. ↑ Howell, Bill (1972). The Expanded Photograph (poster). Philadelphia Civic Center Museum.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  38. 1 2 Expanded Photograph. Philadelphia Civic Center Museum. 1972.
  39. ↑ Howell, Bill (1974). Inner-City Cultural Arts Festival. Philadelphia Civic Center Museum.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  40. 1 2 "'Five Phases' at museum". Morning News (Wilmington). via newspapers.com. 1972-07-29. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  41. ↑ "Links Host Garden Gala". New York Amsterdam News. 9 July 1975. p. B7. ProQuest 226511718.
  42. ↑ "Bed-Stuy art gallery to show Weusi artists". New York Amsterdam News. 22 April 1972. p. C5. ProQuest 226564537.
  43. ↑ "Arts, Crafts Exhibit At Boro Museum". New York Amsterdam News. 22 May 1971. p. 28. ProQuest 226557052.
  44. ↑ Howell, Bill (1971). Opportunities Industrialization Centers (program). New York.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  45. ↑ "Countee Cullen Exhibit of Ten Artists On View". New York Amsterdam News. 1 July 1967. p. 19. ProQuest 226731179.
  46. ↑ "Experimental Art Show". New York Amsterdam News. 1 March 1969. p. 8. ProQuest 226629920.
  47. ↑ "Black Artists 1970". ARTFORUM. 1970. Archived from the original on 2020-09-28. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  48. ↑ "Black Artists Exhibit". New York Amsterdam News. 16 May 1970. p. 11. ProQuest 226535707.
  49. 1 2 "Weusi Art Exhibit At NY OIC Center". New York Amsterdam News. 20 March 1971. p. 25. ProQuest 226666372.
  50. ↑ Donohoe, Victoria (1972-04-28). "An Altogether Unexpected Museum". Philadelphia Inquirer. via newspapers.com. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  51. ↑ Tapley, Mel (31 July 1976). "About the Arts". p. D8. ProQuest 226515646.
  52. ↑ Tapley, Mel (6 December 1975). "About The Arts". New York Amsterdam News. p. D8. ProQuest 226535279.

Further reading

  • Black American Artists/71. 1971. OCLC 81313014.
  • Loercher, Diana (May 4, 1971). "National Center of Afro-American Artists Art & Benefit Premier". Christian Science Monitor.
  • Driscoll, Edgar, Jr. “Art Show Reflects Black Rage, Pride,” Boston Globe, April 28, 1971.
  • Drysdale, Susan. “Black Arts: Alive & Struggling in America,” Christian Science Monitor.
  • New black artists. 1969. OCLC 83005284.
  • Afro-American artists: New York and Boston. 1970. OCLC 109437.
  • Mashek, Joseph. “Black Artists, Visual Arts Center,” Artforum, Sept. 1970, p. 80.
  • School of Visual Arts. Black Artists 1970
  • Loercher, Diana (July 10, 1970). "Art: Idioms of Blackness at the Elma Lewis School". Christian Science Monitor.
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